a—C：H（N）薄膜结构的X射互光电子能谱分析

采用直流－射频等离子增强化学汽相沉积技术制备ａ（Ｃ：Ｈ（Ｎ）薄膜，用Ｘ射互光电子能谱研究了混合气体中Ｎ２含量对薄膜成分与结构的影响，ａ－Ｃ：Ｈ（Ｎ）薄膜中含氮量可达９．０９％，对ａ－Ｃ：Ｈ（Ｎ）薄膜的Ｎｌｓ结合能谱的分析表明ａ－Ｃ：Ｈ（Ｎ）薄膜的结构是由Ｃ３Ｎ４相镶嵌在ｓｐ＾２键结合的Ｃｘ基体组成，其中Ｃ３Ｎ４相中Ｎ和Ｃ原子比接近４：３，不随薄膜中含Ｎ量改变，薄膜中Ｃ３Ｎ４相和ｓｐ＾３碳伯含量随Ｎ     

YCO／CeO2／LaAlO3夹层膜的界面研究

用俄歇电子能谱结合透射电子显微镜对磁控溅射法制备的ＹＢＣＯ／ＣｅＯ２／ＬａＡｌＯ３夹层膜中的元素在各层间的扩散行为进行了研究。结果表明，ＣｅＯ２作为一种缓冲层，能够阻挡住基底ＬａＡｌＯ３中元素向ＹＢＣＯ膜的扩散和ＹＢＣＯ膜中元素向基底的扩散，基本身向ＹＢＣＯ膜中的扩散也不多。ＴＥＭ的分析表明，ＣｅＯ２能保持完好的晶格结构，在其上能得到结构完整的高质量ＹＢＣＯ膜。     

掺富勒烯聚苯乙烯薄膜的吸收光谱研究

研究了Ｃ６０和Ｃ７０分别在溶液，聚苯乙烯薄膜两种不同状态下的吸收特性，实验结果表明，Ｃ６０在聚苯乙烯薄膜中的吸收峰相对于在正己烷中峰位红移２～１０ｎｍ，并且发现随着Ｃ６０浓度的增大，薄膜中观察到有形状规则的针状固体物质出现，Ｃ７０在聚苯乙烯薄膜中吸收峰同在甲苯中峰位基本重合，我们认为：Ｃ６０在聚苯乙烯薄膜中是以“微晶”形式存在，而Ｃ７０在聚苯乙烯薄膜中以比Ｃ６０更小的颗粒存在或以单分子形式存在。同     

新型超硬材料β—C3N4的研究进展

βＣ３Ｎ４材料的研究是继非晶、准晶及Ｃ６０之后，凝聚态物理与材料科学领域中又一新的研究热点．βＣ３Ｎ４是一种新型假想材料，理论上预言它可能具有可与金刚石比拟甚至更大的体弹性模量和较为特殊的电学及光学性能．现在的研究工作主要集中在高含氮量的ＣＮｘ薄膜的制备上，已经获得了直径为微米量级的βＣ３Ｎ４的多晶颗粒和原子比Ｎ／Ｃ＞１的薄膜，且由衍射计算出的晶体结构参数与理论计算值基本相符，探索简便易行的合成βＣ３Ｎ４的方法和开发βＣ３Ｎ４的潜在应用将是今后此项研究的主要方向．     

电解有机溶液法制备CNx薄膜

在６０℃和常压下，电解甲醇和脲的混合溶液在硅基片上沉积ＣＮｘ薄膜．傅里叶红外和Ｒａｍａｎ测试表明，所得薄膜是非晶态的，碳和氮主要是以Ｃ—Ｎ，Ｃ—Ｃ，ＣＣ和ＣＮ的形式成键，有少量的碳和氮以ＣＮ的形式成键．Ｘ射线光电子能谱测试表明，氮是以ＳＰ２和ＳＰ３杂化形式与碳化学成键来成膜的．测试结果表明通过液相沉积法所得ＣＮｘ薄膜与汽相沉积法所得ＣＮｘ薄膜的结构比较接近     

Ag／YB12Cu3O7—x,Al／YBa2Cu3O7—x界面特性分析

利用电学测量方法结合二次离子质谱（ＳＩＭＳ）技术对金属Ａｇ与Ａｌ与ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－ｘ（ＹＢＣＯ）超导薄膜接触界面电学性质和扩散特征进行了测试分析，分析结果显示由于Ａｇ和Ａｌ具有不同的化学性质，二与ＹＢＣＯ界面的互扩散特性有明显不同，这些不同影响到接触界面的电学性质和接触窗口下ＹＢＣＯ超导性能，在Ａｇ／ＹＢＣＯ样品中，在高于３５０℃以上的温度下氧气氛中退火将引起Ａｇ和Ｏ的界面互扩散，但对ＹＢＣ     

富勒烯分子LB膜光学存储效应研究

在双光束耦合实验中，观察到Ｃ６０－ＡＡ复合ＬＢ膜具有光存储效应，分析说明光致聚体、单体之间的转化是这种光记录效应的主要原因。     

电子回旋共振微波等离子体化学气相沉积

本文叙述了电子回旋共振微波等离子体化学气相沉积（ＥＣＲＰＣＶＤ）的工作原理、特点及其应用．ＥＣＲＰＣＶ Ｄ由放电室、淀积室、微波系统、磁场线圈、气路与真空系统组成．处于放电室的等离子体在磁场中做回旋运动，使电子的回旋运动频率与微波频率相同；处于回旋共振条件下的电子有效地吸收微波功率而获得高的能量，从而产生高活性和高密度的等离子体．电离度大于１０％，电子密度为１０１３ｃｍ３．ＥＣＲＰＣＶＤ可在低的气体流量、衬底不加热的情况下高速淀积高质量薄膜．以该技术淀积的Ｓｉ，Ｎ４，ＳｉＯ２薄膜可分别与高温ＣＶＤ的Ｓｉ３Ｎ４高温热氧化的ＳｉＯ２相比拟．ＥＣＲＰＣＶＤ淀积ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ淀积速率为通常ＣＶＤ的２０倍，而性能与射频ＣＶＤ淀积的ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ相当．ＥＣＲＰＣＶＤ 已成功用于淀积多种薄膜。     

水对Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8外延薄膜超导电性的影响

我们研究了水对Ｔｌ２Ｂａ２ＣａＣｕ２Ｏ８外延薄膜超导电性的影响。将不同条件下生长的薄膜直接浸泡在水中，分别进行Ｔｃ和Ｊｃ测量。实验结果表明，结晶很好的外延薄膜的超导电性在水中非常稳定。而薄膜在水中受腐蚀的主要原因是薄膜中存在ＣａＯ和ＢａＯ组成的非晶夹杂物所致。同时还发现，薄膜受到光刻胶、银胶、铟或银电极的污染后，都会使薄膜加速受到水的腐蚀。     

薄膜物理及其应用讲座：第五讲 Fe—Si／X（Si,Cu,Pd,Cr）多层膜的磁性研究

系统研究了由非晶态Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ合金与Ｓｉ、Ｃｕ，、Ｐｄ和Ｃｒ四种不同类型的材料组合而成的磁性多层膜的二维磁性，界面的死层效应和极化效应，层间耦合作用，在Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ／Ｃｒ多层膜研究中，发现了饱和磁化强度随Ｃｒ层厚度的改变而出现振荡变化的现象，这是由于磁性层中内地场的变化，特别是顺磁分量发生振荡变化引起的。     

On the extension of solutions of the real to complex KdV equation and a mechanism for the construction of rogue waves

Rogue waves are more precisely defined as waves whose height is more than twice the significant wave height. This remarkable height was measured (by Draupner in 1995). Thus, the need for constructing a mechanism for the rogue waves is of great utility. This motivated us to suggest a mechanism, in this work, that rogue waves may be constructed via nonlinear interactions of solitons and periodic waves. This suggestion is consolidated here, in an example, by studying the behavior of solutions of the complex (KdV). This is done here by the extending the solutions of its real version.     

From the Internet of things to the Internet of the physical world

Nowadays, we daily meet new wireless technologies. This is often achieved through the use of RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) tags and wireless sensors. Our environment and surrounding objects become communicating. New applications thus arise in domains such as logistic, health, rescue and environment preservation. Embedding such devices in various industrial goods could lead to a world in which objects communicate and interact with other objects and with people, i.e. the so-called “Internet of things”. This article describes the various types of RFID tags, and the hot topic for research and some examples of applications are given.     

On the similarity of the sensitivity functions of methane combustion models

It is widely known that detailed kinetic mechanisms with identical reaction steps but with very different rate parameters may provide similar simulation results in combustion calculations. This phenomenon is related to the similarity of sensitivity functions, which arises if low-dimensional manifolds in the space of variables, and autocatalytic processes are present. We demonstrated the similarity of sensitivity functions for adiabatic explosions and burner-stabilized laminar flames of stoichiometric methane–air mixtures. The cause of similarities was investigated by calculating the dimension of the corresponding manifolds, and the pseudo-homogeneous property of the sensitivity ordinary differential equation (ODE). The methane explosion model showed global similarity, which means that different parameter sets could provide the same simulation results. This was demonstrated by numerical experiments, in which two significantly different parameter sets resulted in identical concentration profiles for all species. This phenomenon is important from a practical point of view in the fields of ‘validation’ of complex reaction mechanisms and parameter estimation of chemical kinetic systems.     

单粒子束细胞定位照射装置中微图像处理系统的设计

为了适应细胞辐射生物学基础研究的需要 ,按照生物实验的要求和装置的物理指标设计了实验室单粒子束装置的微图像处理系统。设计中遵循了科学性和经济性的原则 ,结构紧凑 ,性能稳定。结果表明 ,该系统达到了预期指标 ,解决了单粒子束装置精确定位辐射的这一关键技术 ,为细胞核的辐射实验提供了有力的工具     

Republication of: On the gravitational stability of the expanding universe

This is the republished English edition of a paper by E. Lifshitz, first published in 1946, in which the author investigates the gravitational stability of the non–stationary isotropic models of the universe. The paper has been selected by the Editors of General Relativity and Gravitation for re-publication in the Golden Oldies series of the journal. This republication is accompanied by an editorial note written by George F. R. Ellis, and by a brief biography of Evgenii Mikhailovich Lifshitz, written by Andrzej Krasiński.     

Republication of: On the initial value problem of the equations of gravitation

This is an English translation of a paper by Karl Stellmacher, first published in German in 1938, in which he presented the first, correct and successful, formulation of the initial value problem for Einstein’s equations in vacuum and with a dust source. The paper has been selected by the Editors of General Relativity and Gravitation for re-publication in the Golden Oldies series of the journal. This republication is accompanied by an editorial note written by Helmut Friedrich and Stellmacher’s brief biography written by Hubert Goenner.     

Republication of: The beginning of the world from the point of view of quantum theory

This is a reprinting of a very short note by Georges Lemaitre, first published in Nature in 1931, in which he envisages the Universe evolving out of a single atom by quantum processes. The paper has been selected by the Editors of General Relativity and Gravitation for re-publication in the Golden Oldies series of the journal. This republication is accompanied by an editorial note written by Jean-Pierre Luminet.     

High-Precision Calculation of the Energy Levels and Auger Decay Rates of the Metastable States of the Antiprotonic Helium Atoms

We precisely calculated the energy levels and the Auger decay rates of the antiprotonic helium atoms with the coupled rearrangement channel method and the complex-coordinate-rotation method. Calculated transition frequencies were in excellent agreement with observed values. This agreement gives best limit of the antiproton mass with 5×10⁻⁸ uncertainty. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

显微摄影装置的优化设计

本文是作者根据图片资料对国外先进的显微摄影装置进行“反求”价值分析后，自主地设计出达到或优于国外同类产品的小结，其中包括了无限远像距光学系统的创新应用。可见在工程光学设计中运用价值工程这一先进的管理技术与思想方法也是大有可为的。     

The structure of the Bern-Kosower integrand for the N-gluon amplitude

An ambiguity inherent in the partial integration procedure leading to the Bern-Kosower rules is fixed in a way which preserves the complete permutation symmetry in the scattering states. This leads to a canonical version of the Bern-Kosower representation for the one-loop -photon/gluon amplitudes, and to a natural decomposition of those amplitudes into permutation symmetric gauge invariant partial amplitudes. This decomposition exhibits a simple recursive structure. Received: 2 November 1997 / Published online: 24 March 1998