共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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我们已介绍过狭义相对论;在那里爱因斯坦把牛顿的相对性原理推广到包括电磁现象,但还是指惯性系说的;各个参考系是相对做匀速运动的惯性参考系.对加速参考系又该如何呢?爱因斯坦在马赫思想的影响下提出:物理规律对所有参考系,不管是惯性系还是加速系,都应该是一样的.这个进一步推广了的相对性原理叫“广义相对性原理”.它是爱因斯坦广义相对论的一个基本原理. 相似文献
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惯性原理本身并不存在循环论证问题,所谓的循环论证来自利用惯性定律去寻找和确定惯性系,实际应用的“惯性系”本质上都是非惯性系,寻找和确定严格惯性系不是必要的. 相似文献
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由力学相对性原理可知,在不同惯性系中,一切力学规律(如牛顿运动定律、动量定理、动量守恒定理、角动量定理等)的形式都相同,但在一个惯性系中机械能(或角动量)守恒,在另一惯性系中观察机械能(或角动量)却不一定守恒。 相似文献
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凡惯性定律成立的参照系,叫做惯性系;惯性定律不成立的参照系,叫做非惯性系.牛顿第一定律和第二定律在非惯性系中是不适用的.因此,在研究动力学问题时通常应选择惯性系做为参照系.为了在非惯性系中仍能应用牛顿运动定律,往往需引入惯性力的概念.但如果不是使用惯性力的概念,而是同时考虑非惯性系的变速运动以及质点相对非惯性系的相对运动,则在惯性系中使用牛顿运动定律依然方便. 相似文献
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Yi Shuangping 《物理与工程》1998,(5)
由力学相对性原理可知,在不同惯性系中,一切力学规律(如牛顿运动定律、动量定理、动量守恒定律、角动量定理等)的形式都相同.但在一个惯性系中机械能(或角动量)守恒,在另一惯性系中观察机械能(或角动量)却不一定守恒. 相似文献
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惯性系具有任何方向时空平移不变的特性,依据相对性原理和时空平移不变性证明了惯性系的时空变换必须为线性变换。相对性原理是时空线性变换的真正必要条件。除了伽利略变换具有"同时的绝对性"外,其他的惯性系时空线性变换都具有"同时的相对性"。利用相对性原理还可以证明惯性系的速度变换为单调递增函数,因而存在速度上限,惯性系除伽利略变换外的所有时空线性变换都存在有限的极限速度,进而可以推导出惯性系时空线性变换的广义洛伦兹变换公式,其中极限速度的取值可以通过实验来确定。 相似文献
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流体流动状态与伯努利方程 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本文用欧拉公式和伽利略变换讨论了流体的流动状态与参照系的关系,由于伯努利方程只适用于理想流体在其中作定常流的惯性系,从而说明在诸如马格努斯效应等流体动力学问题中选择合适惯性系的重要性。 相似文献
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The idea of a Larmor clock is reexamined in the relativistic regime. We propose a concept of proper time for quantum theoretical particles. The Larmor clock can measure, under some relevant conditions, the proper time that passes while the particle stays in a space region. Our approach to Larmor clock is different than those of other researchers in the following two aspects: our concept of Larmor clock does not distinguish whether the particle is transmitted or reflected at the end of its stay, and pointer of our Larmor clock is not the spin but the total angular momentum. 相似文献
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M. Goto H. Iwamoto V. M. de Aquino V. C. Aguilera-Navarro 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2002,41(5):877-886
Reflection and transmission times through a linear potential is studied by using the stationary phase method. The incident particle is described by a wave packet constructed from a momentum distribution (k – k) highly concentrated around a fixed value k. The way the reflection and transmission times are calculated is similar to the way the phase time is defined for a rectangular potential. 相似文献
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We propose new criteria to evaluate the average time spent by particles in a tunneling barrier. First we construct asojourn time, on the basis of statistical information provided by quantum mechanics, which seems to be an appropriate measure of the time
spent byall particles within the barrier. A simple, stochastic treatment is then used to deal with the particles that actually traverse
the barrier, in order to study their interaction time. The results obtained show that opaque barriers have important effects
on the particlesbefore they enter the potential region, confirming previously published numerical findings. No arbitrarily high effective velocities
appear anywhere in the present treatment. 相似文献
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单模光纤开关特性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
首次对单模光纤的开关特性进行了分析和计算,得出了色散光纤中不仅存在开关信号的延迟,而且开关速度将受到限制,给出了计算光纤开关时间(上升时间或下降时间)的公式。公式表明,光纤的开关时间与色散绝对值的平方根成正比,与长度的平方根成正比。工作在1.55μm波长的长1km的G652光纤,其开关时间约为7ps,这一参量最终限制了由光纤构成的二光平开关器件的开关速度。 相似文献
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C. K. Raju 《Foundations of Physics》2006,36(7):1099-1113
Contrary to the informed consensus, time travel implies spontaneity (as distinct from chance) so that time travel can only be of the second kind.A preliminary version of this paper was presented at a Seminar on ‘Reality in Physics and Philosophy,’ S. N. Bose National Centre for the Basic Sciences, Calcutta, 24-25, Feb 1996. 相似文献
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We consider an arbitrary continuous time random walk (ctrw)via unbiased nearest-neighbour jumps on a linear lattice. Solutions are presented for the distributions of the first passage
time and the time of escape from a bounded region. A simple relation between the conditional probability function and the
first passage time distribution is analysed. So is the structure of the relation between the characteristic functions of the
first passage time and escape time distributions. The mean first passage time is shown to diverge for all (unbiased)ctrw’s. The divergence of the mean escape time is related to that of the mean time between jumps. A class ofctrw’s displaying a self-similar clustering behaviour in time is considered. The exponent characterising the divergence of the
mean escape time is shown to be (1−H), whereH(0<H<1) is the fractal dimensionality of thectrw. 相似文献