中药四物汤提取物调控鼠骨髓间充质干细胞增殖活性的化学成分分析

用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、氯仿和二次蒸馏水分别提取四物汤药剂,得到不同极性部位的溶剂提取物。促进骨髓间充质干细胞(rMSCs)增殖活性用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法,结果表明,四物汤乙酸乙酯提取部位(A-2)具有促进MSCs增殖的活性。用硅胶柱层析的方式对A-2作梯度洗脱得到20个组分,记为F-1~F-20。经MTT法和流式细胞技术评价,选择具有促进MSCs增殖的活性的F-4、F-7、F-10和F-11组分。采用HPLC、红外光谱和质谱检测发现,组分F-4为藁本内酯;用HPLC-MSn发现,F-11中含量达84.47%的成分为6,7-二羟基-烯丙基苯酞。HPLC结果显示,F-7和F-10有较大含量的脂肪酸酯类化合物。选用4个酯类标准品,先用MTT法和流式细胞技术对其评价;结果显示浓度为90mg/L时,十六酸甲酯(S-1)和十八酸乙酯(S-4)的增殖指数(PI)均高于对照组,具有促进MSCs体外增殖作用;而十六酸乙酯(S-2)和十八酸甲酯(S-3)增殖指数(PI)均低于对照组,具有抑制MSCs体外增殖作用。对F-7鉴定中检出含有S-1(3.04%),S-2(3.92%),S-4(9.61%),在F-10中检出S-1(14.46%),S-2(17.47%),S-3(3.19%),S-4(1.03%)。生物活性显示F-7活性强于F-10。初步推测在酯类混合物中,对MSCs起促进作用主要为S-1和S-4。结果表明,四物汤乙酸乙酯提取部位具有促进MSCs增殖作用的成分是藁本内酯、十六酸甲酯和十八酸乙酯。     

耳壳藻化学成分研究

从耳壳藻中分离得到5种化合物,它们的结构经波谱分析确定为3-十六烷酰氧基-2-(11Z)-二十碳烯酰氧基-丙三醇-1-β-D-半乳糖甙(1)、马尾藻甾醇(2)、岩藻甾醇(3)、α十六烷酸甘油酯(4)、二十一烷酸十八烷酯(5).其中(1)为新化合物.     

脂肪酸甲酯调控鼠骨髓间质干细胞增殖作用的研究

龟板浸膏采用石油醚、乙醚、二氯甲烷依次提取,将提取物进行甲酯化处理。用MTT(商品名为噻唑蓝,化学名为3-(4,5)-2-唑噻-(2,5)-二苯基溴化四氮唑蓝)法及流式细胞仪,研究了甲酯化产物调控鼠骨髓间充质干细胞活性,采用气质联用和高效液相色谱技术研究了龟板浸膏提取物甲酯化产物的化学成分,结果表明,3个甲酯化样品都能促进干细胞增殖,而且都含有十六烷酸甲酯,当十六烷酸甲酯浓度为0.15μg/μL时能促进干细胞增殖,由此初步推断龟板浸膏甲酯化产物促进干细胞增殖与十六烷酸甲酯有关。这为中医药调控干细胞的研究提供重要的参考。     

不对称氧氮氧三齿配体Cu(Ⅱ)配合物催化NA酯水解研究

合成了不对称氮氧杂链型配体N-（2′-羟基)苄基乙醇胺(HL),通过元素分析、IR和 ¹H NMR等手段进行了表征。用pH电位滴定法,在25±0.1℃,I=0.10 (KNO₃)条件下,研究了该配体质子化及其与Cu(Ⅱ)离子配位热力学。在25±0.1℃,I=0.10 (KNO₃), pH=7～9 (50 mol·L^-1缓冲溶液)范围内,通过分光光度法测定了配合物对p-硝基苯酚乙酸酯(NA)水解催化动力学,得到了NA酯催化水解二级反应速率常数k_NP((mol·L^-1)^-1·s^-1)。结果表明：Cu(Ⅱ)离子与醇羟基配位作用较强,并且还与一个水分子有较弱的配位。配位醇羟基和水分子的离解常数pKa分别为7.62和11.22。在中性pH值可以产生具有有很强亲核能力的配位烷氧负离子Cu(Ⅱ)…^-OR,配合物对酯的水解有金属离子Lewis酸活化和亲核试剂进攻双重催化作用,与碱性磷酸酯催化作用比较类似,在pH中性和弱碱性条件下对NA酯水解有很好的催化效果,当pH为9.0时,k_NP达到0.12 (mol·L^-1)^-1·s^-1。     

焦脱镁叶绿酸的Knoevenagel反应及其杂环取代衍生物的合成

以焦脱镁叶绿酸-d甲酯(MPPd)为起始原料, 通过其醛基与连有五元杂环的β-二酮、α-氰基酮和丙二腈的活性亚甲基进行Knoevenagel反应, 完成3-位五元杂环取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯衍生物. 所合成的新化合物均经UV, IR, ¹H NMR及元素分析证明其结构.     

配合物稳定性与酸碱强度之间的直线自由能关系——ⅪⅤ.N-(取代苯基)亚氨基二乙酸与铜(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)钴(Ⅱ)二元配合物的稳定性研究

The dissociation constants of N-(para-substituted phenyl) iminodiacetic acid (p-RPhID A, R= Cl, H, CH₃, CH₃O) and N-(ortho-substituted phenyl) iminodiacetic acid (o-RPhlDA) and the formation constants of binary complex compounds of Cu(Ⅱ)-o-RPhIDA, Cu(Ⅱ)-p-RPhIDA, Co(Ⅱ)-p-RPhIDA, Ni(Ⅱ)-p-RPhIDA and Zn(Ⅱ)-p-RPhIDA were determined by pH method in the presence 0.1mol·dm^-3KNO₃ at 25℃ . It has been found that linear free energy relationships not only exist between stability of these binary complex compounds and base strength of ligand, but also exist between logβ and σ'(=pK₂-pK₂).The deviation of Cu(Ⅱ)-o-CH₃PhIDA from linearity may be ascribed to steric effect of methyl group at ortho position.     

对称及非对称卟啉锌轴配反应的光谱及热力学研究

合成非对称对位取代5-(4-乙酰胺基苯基)-10，15，20-三(4-甲基苯基)卟啉锌。考察了Zn(p-X)TPP(X=Cl,H,CH₃，OCH₃)及非对称Zn(p-NHCOCH₃)(p-CH₃)₃TPP与咪唑类配体［Im、2-MeIm、N-MeIm、GMZ、NiIm(p-Cl)］轴配反应的电子吸收光谱。阐述了诸因素对谱带红移和A相似文献   

N-对氯苯基氮杂15冠5八钼多酸钠超分子配合物的结构与热分解

本文对新型超分子配合物［Na(N-(p-ClPh)-15-C-5(Et₂O)］₂N₂Mo₈O₂₆进行了X-射线四圆衍射测定，该晶体属单斜晶系，空间群为P2₁/c,a=1.7803(4), b=1.3674(3), c=1.4610(3)(nm), β=112.33(2)°, 相似文献   

聚乙二醇嵌段树枝状聚赖氨酸共聚物的合成及其基因载体研究

采用液相多肽合成法制备得到窄分子量分布、结构可控的生物相容性聚乙二醇嵌段共聚树枝状聚赖氨酸阳离子功能大分子(PEG-b-Dendritic PLL). 运用¹H NMR核磁共振、凝胶电泳以及荧光淬灭滴定手段对所得阳离子两嵌段大分子的化学结构及其与质粒DNA (pDNA)结合作用与复合行为进行了研究. 结果表明聚乙二醇嵌段树枝状聚赖氨酸与pDNA分子可以在缓冲溶液中形成稳定的胶束, pDNA与阳离子树枝赖氨酸嵌段通过静电相互作用形成胶束核, 其水溶性聚乙二醇嵌段形成水溶性胶束壳, 提高了阳离子大分子/pDNA复合胶束的稳定性. 同时发现随着阳离子嵌段树枝状赖氨酸代数的增加, 阳离子两嵌段大分子与pDNA的结合作用增强, 有利于其作为基因转染生物功能载体的应用.     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定槐花中挥发性化学成分

槐花样品经蒸气蒸馏及乙醚萃取处理所得挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用法进行分析,按峰面积归一化法求出挥发性化学成分的相对含量.分离出42个峰,已鉴定了26个化合物,占其挥发油总相对含量的87.76%.已鉴定的有酸、酯、烯烃、醇、烷烃等10类化合物.其中酸类化合物占总色谱流出峰面积的30.53%,酯类占19.26%,烯烃类占18.01%,醇类占8.64%,烷烃类占5.52%.其主要组分有n-十六酸(26.43%)、17-三十五(烷)烯(14.84%)、喇叭茶萜醇(8.00%)、十六酸甲酯(4.18%)、肉豆蔻酸(4.10%)、8,11-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(3.79%)、月桂酸酐(3.60%)、9-十八(碳)炔酸甲酯(3.26%)、1,2-邻苯二甲酸丁基环己基酯(3.03%)、c-榄香烯(2.66%).     

Effect of fatty acid methyl esters from plastrum testudinis on proliferation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells

The ointment of plastrum testudinis was extracted using petroleum ether, ether and dichloromethane sequentially and the extracts were methyl-esterified. The effects on the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMMSCs) were examined by MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and flow cytometry analysis. The volatile components of the samples were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that the methyl-esterified parts can promote the proliferation of stem cells and they all contain palmitic acid methyl ester. Palmitic acid methyl ester can promote proliferation when the concentration was 0.15 μg/μL. It may be concluded that the palmitic acid methyl ester is important for the methyl-esterified parts that have effects on proliferation. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2007, 35 (10): 1400–1404 [译自: 分析化学]     

热分离进样/气相色谱-质谱法测定橄榄油中脂肪酸乙酯

建立了热分离进样/气相色谱-质谱快速测定橄榄油中4种脂肪酸乙酯(棕榈酸乙酯、硬脂酸乙酯、油酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯)的分析方法。采用热分离进样技术进样,以DB-5MS色谱柱分离,选择离子监测模式检测。结果显示,4种脂肪酸乙酯在0.01～0.20 mg/L范围内线性良好(r~20.999),方法的检出限(LOD)和定量下限(LOQ)分别为0.3 mg/kg和1.0 mg/kg,在低、中、高3个加标水平(1.0、2.0、10 mg/kg)下的回收率为82.4%～109%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.68%～6.8%。该方法灵敏度高,准确度和重现性好,可用于橄榄油中4种脂肪酸乙酯的快速检测。     

Simple thin-layer chromatographic purification procedure for the determination of cholesterol ester fatty acid compositions

A mild procedure for the purification of methyl esters of the fatty acid components of cholesterol esters, from interfering free cholesterol and other contaminating residues, is described. Methyl esters and free cholesterol are formed during the methylation of cholesterol esters. When co-extracted, cholesterol and other contaminating residues interfere with the methyl esters because minute proportions of these residues tend to elute at the same retention times as palmitoleic and stearic acids, to yield unreliable but significantly higher values for palmitoleic (p less than 0.001) and stearic acids (p less than 0.0001), and correspondingly lower values for oleic acid (p less than 0.0001). Purification of methyl esters by thin-layer chromatography eliminates this problem and yields reliable analysis of cholesterol ester fatty acids, without measurable oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.     

Analysis of thermal,oxidative and cold flow properties of methyl and ethyl esters prepared from soybean and mustard oils

Oilseed crop with high oil content and promising ecological adaptability are potential sources for competitive biodiesel production. This study investigates the scope of utilizing biodiesel development through the methyl and ethyl ester from soybean and mustard oil as an alternative fuel. Methyl and ethyl esters of oils having different fatty acids compositions such as soybean (SOME and SOEE) and mustard oil (MUME and MUEE) were prepared by transesterification with methanol and ethanol in the presence of an alkali-KOH catalyst. The gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of oil samples revealed that primary fatty acid composition in soybean oil was linoleic acid (C_18:2, 51.93%), followed by oleic acid (C_18:1, 22.82%), palmitic acid (C_16:0, 11.56%), linolenic acid (C_18:3, 5.95%) and stearic acid (C_18:0, 4.32%). Whereas, the main components in mustard oil were erucic acid (C_22:1, 32.81%), oleic acid (C_18:1, 24.98%), eicosenoic acid (C_20:1, 10.44%), linolenic acid (C_18:3, 8.61%) and palmitic acid (C_16:0, 2.80%). The physicochemical properties (acid value, iodine value, calorific value, flash point, pour point etc.) of methyl and ethyl ester samples were estimated and found to be within the acceptable range of ASTM D6751 standards specifications. The prepared esters and oil samples were examined for cold flow properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results revealed better cold flow properties for MUME (−2.55 °C) and MUEE (−3.10 °C) than SOME (3.21 °C) and SOEE (1.83 °C) due to more unsaturated fatty acid content in MU. Thermal and oxidative stability of samples was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The thermal and oxidative stability ranking of the samples was in the order of oil > methyl esters > ethyl esters.

     

Secoiridoid Constituents from the Fruits of Ligustrum lucidum

Four new secoiridiod glucosides, p‐hydroxyphenethyl 7‐β‐D ‐glucosideelenolic acid ester ( 1 ), 6′‐elenolylnicotiflorine ( 2 ), 6′′′‐acetylnicotiflorine ( 3 ), and oleoside 7‐ethyl 11‐methyl ester ( 4 ), as well as six known glucosides, nuezhenide ( 5 ), Gl‐3 ( 6 ), nicotiflorine ( 7 ), isonuezhenide ( 8 ), neonuezhenide ( 9 ), and oleoside 11‐methyl ester ( 10 ) were isolated from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Compound 4 was an artifact produced during extraction.     

Comparative study on fatty acid composition of olive (Olea europaea L.), with emphasis on phytosterol contents

The present study was designed to determine the fatty acid composition and phytosterol contents of Turkish native olive cultivars, namely Kilis Yağlık and Nizip Yağlık cv. In this context, olive fruits from 34 locations were sampled and then screened for their components in comparison. Fifteen different fatty acids were found in both olive oils. In the order of abundance, the most important ones were oleic acid (18:1) > palmitic acid (16:0) > linoleic acid (18:2) > stearic acid (18:0). Significant differences were observed in the contents of oleic acid (18:1), palmitic acid (16:0), linoleic acid (18:2) but not for stearic acid content in comparison both oils (p < 0.01). There were significant differences in terms of unsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.01). The seven phytosterols – cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β ‐sitosterol, Δ‐5‐avenasterol, Δ‐7‐stigmastenol and Δ‐7‐avenasterol – were studied in both oil sources. The predominant sterols were β ‐sitosterol, Δ5‐avenasterol and campesterol in the samples analysed. However, no significant differences were found in the levels of the phytosterols between the two olive cultivars.     

Fatty acid composition of two Athamanta turbith subspecies

The fruit oils of Athamanta turbith ssp. hungarica and Athamanta turbith ssp. haynaldii were obtained by Soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether. The fatty acid composition of oils was determined by GC in the methyl ester form. Considering the composition and content of fatty acids, the examined oils were very similar. Petroselinic acid was the principal one (45.6 and 46.2%, respectively), followed by a significant amount of linoleic acid (26.9 and 29.1%, respectively). In both oils, myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, petroselinic, oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, arachidic, and behenic acid were identified. Lignoceric acid was detected only in A. turbith ssp. hungarica oil. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 319–320, July–August, 2006.     

Occupational exposure to low levels of organic and inorganic substances in a chemical plant for the production of terephtalic acid dimethyl ester

The aim of our study was the evaluation of personal exposure to chemical pollutants in workers employed in a plant for the production of terephtalic acid dimethyl ester. Chemical agents have been included in the monitoring program on the basis of the industrial process. In the plant, the oxidation of p-xylene is performed by air and the resulting acid is esterified with methyl alcohol. Purified terephtalic acid dimethyl ester is then utilized for the production of polyethylene terephtalate. The environmental monitoring included terephtalic acid dimethyl ester, p-toluic acid methyl ester, terephtalic acid, p-xylene, methylacetate, methylbenzoate, formic acid, acetic acid, methanol, and the catalysts cobalt acetate and manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate. Personal exposure to the cited airborne substances was performed in the breathing zone of six workers. Air samplings were carried out by drawing air through glass fibre filters (terephtalic acid dimethyl ester, p-toluic acid methyl ester and terephtalic acid aerosols), by active adsorption (methanol, formic and acetic acids vapours). p-Xylene, methylacetate and methylbenzoate vapours were collected by passive sampling. Cellulose nitrate filters were used for cobalt and manganese salts samplings. Analyses were performed by UV detection high-performance liquid chromatography (terephtalic acid dimethyl ester, p-toluic acid methyl ester and terephtalic acid), flame ionization detection gas chromatography (p-xylene, acetic acid methyl ester and benzoic acid methyl ester), ion chromatography (formic and acetic acids) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (cobalt and manganese). The results were evaluated according to the threshold limit values (TLVs) of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and indicated that the environmental levels of the workplace pollutants were well below the threshold limit values-time weighed average (TLV-TWA) adopted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists for 2002, although for three substances the TLVs were not available.     

Antithrombotic lipids from Semen Persicae

Chemical investigation of Semen Persicae has led to the isolation of decane (1), triolein (2), nonacosanoic acid (3), oleic acid ethyl ester (4), palmitic acid (5), oleic acid (6) and 15,16-dihydroxy-9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (7). Amongst these, compound 7 is a new lipid. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and extensive spectral analysis. Their anticoagulative activities were also evaluated in vitro, which showed that petroleum ether extract and compounds 5-6 could significantly prolong thrombin time while methanol extract could obviously inhibit platelet aggregation.     

低温冷冻液液萃取/GC-MS结合保留指数分析香蕉中的挥发性成分

建立了低温冷冻液液萃取(LTF-LLE)/GC-MS结合保留指数对香蕉果肉及果皮中挥发性成分进行分析的方法,采用低温冷冻液液萃取对香蕉样品中的挥发性成分进行提取。分别鉴定出香蕉果肉及果皮中含有39种和32种挥发性成分,其主要成分为酯类物质。果肉果皮所含的挥发性成分在种类及相对含量上有一定差异,果肉中含量较高的组分为丙酸乙酯(11.88%)、乙酸异戊酯(9.45%)、棕榈酸(8.71%)、丁酸异戊酯(7.79%)、乙酸仲戊酯(5.29%),果皮中含量较高的组分为丁酸异戊酯(22.85%)、棕榈酸(15.91%)、硬脂酸(6.86%)、4-烯丙基-2,6-二甲氧基苯酚(6.83%)、亚麻酸(6.34%),果肉果皮所共有的成分有异戊醇、乙酸异丁酯、丁酸、异戊酸、乙酸仲戊酯等19种物质。