焦脱镁叶绿酸的炔化反应及其叶绿素类二氢卟吩的合成

以焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯为起始原料,利用加成和氧化反应将其转化成3-甲酰基或者3-乙酰基取代和E-环保护的反应前体,通过Grignard反应在3-位上引进炔基并构建了叔醇或者仲醇结构,再经脱水和氧化反应生成端位烯炔和炔酮取代的二氢卟吩衍生物.3-甲酰基焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯与癸基溴化镁的Grignard反应、E-保护和C(3)-羟基的氧化反应得到C(3)-长链烷酰基取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯,再经酸催化脱水则得到含有链间烯炔结构的二氢卟吩.首次报道的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物均经UV,IR,1H NMR及元素分析确定其化学结构,对相应的化学反应也提出了可能的反应机理.     

C-3-吡唑啉基取代的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物的合成

以脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯为起始原料,通过对E-环、3-位碳碳双键和20-位meso-氢的结构修饰,在二氢卟吩色基上构建和引进不同的官能团,并进一步利用其3-位乙烯基与重氮甲烷的1,3-偶极环加成反应,完成一系列C-3-吡唑啉基取代的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物的合成.同时,讨论了叶绿素衍生物的1,3-偶极环加成反应的的区域选择性与立体选择性.所得新的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物的化学结构均经UV,IR,1H NMR及元素分析得以证实.     

具有叶绿素-a基本骨架的20-meso-位取代二氢卟吩衍生物的合成

以脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(MPa)为起始原料,分别与氯化、溴化和硫酸重氮苯进行偶联反应,其主要产物为20-卤素取代或者亚硝基取代的二氢卟吩,仅以微量产率的得到期待的产物.焦脱镁叶绿酸的锌配合物与3-N,N-二甲胺基丙烯醛的Vilsmeier反应生成20-甲酰乙烯基焦脱镁叶绿酸.焦脱镁叶绿酸-d与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)的溴代反应生成单一的20-溴代产物,再经Wittig反应恢复乙烯基而得到20-溴代焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯.其它叶绿素降解产物的亲电取代反应均以较好的产率得到生成的20-meso-位取代的二氢卟吩衍生物.首次报道的具有叶绿素基本碳架的二氢卟吩衍生物的化学结构均经UV,IR,1H NMR及元素分析得以证实.     

3-位苯并含氮杂环取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸-α甲酯的合成

以焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(MPP-a)(1)为起始原料,在二氯甲烷中与醋酸锌共回流得锌配合物2,在四氯钯锂催化下,通过与苯基氯化汞的偶联反应生成3b-苯基焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(3).分别选用四氧化锇、高钌酸四丙基铵(TPAP)和N-甲基吗啉N-氧化物将环外烯键氧化成邻二酮(4).在酸性条件下,4与邻苯二胺的缩合形成了3-位喹喔啉取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(5).用四氧化锇和高碘酸钠将l的3-位碳碳双键氧化,则生成焦脱镁叶绿酸-d甲酯(6).所得卟吩醛与环己二酮和萘胺进行一锅法反应,得到3-位苯并吖啶取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(7).所合成的新卟吩化合物均经UV,IR,1H NMB及元素分析证明其结构.     

3-位苯并含氮杂环取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯的合成

以焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(MPP-a)(1)为起始原料，在二氯甲烷中与醋酸锌共回流得锌配合物2，在四氯钯锂催化下，通过与苯基氯化汞的偶联反应生成3b-苯基焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(3)．分别选用四氧化锇、高钌酸四丙基铵(TPAP)和N-甲基吗啉N-氧化物将环外烯键氧化成邻二酮(4)．在酸性条件下，4与邻苯二胺的缩合形成了3-位喹喔啉取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(5)．用四氧化锇和高碘酸钠将1的3-位碳碳双键氧化，则生成焦脱镁叶绿酸-d甲酯(6)．所得卟吩醛与环己二酮和萘胺进行一锅法反应，得到3-位苯并吖啶取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(7)．所合成的新卟吩化合物均经UV，IR，^1H NMR及元素分析证明其结构．     

具有氮杂环并叶绿素色基结构的二氢卟吩衍生物的合成

采用一锅法从叶绿素-a制得132-氧代焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯,再与邻苯二胺反应生成四种含氮杂环并二氢卟吩衍生物,再经硝酸铊或者四氧化锇氧化将其3-位乙烯基转化成高反应性的甲酰基和甲酰甲基.C3-甲酰甲基与邻氨基苯甲醛的Friedl nder缩合顺利地环合成喹啉结构,与重氮甲烷和氧化苯甲腈的1,3-偶极环加成反应在3-位上构建了五元杂环.首次报道的具有叶绿素基本碳架的二氢卟吩衍生物的化学结构均经UV,IR,1H NMR及元素分析得以证实.     

具有长波吸收的(焦)脱镁叶绿酸衍生物的合成及其电子光谱

以脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯和脱镁叶绿酸-b甲酯为起始原料,通过3-位乙烯基、外接E-环和20-meso-位的化学修饰,在脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯周环上建立了不同的羰基结构.利用脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯的所建羰基和脱镁叶绿酸-b甲酯的原有7-位甲酰基分别与丙二睛进行Knoevenagel缩合反应,在二氢卟吩的不同位置引进了β,β-二氰亚甲基结构,完成一系列具有长波吸收的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物的合成,讨论了β,β-二氰亚甲基的引入对大环分子的化学活性和电子光谱的影响,并对相应的化学反应提出可能的反应机理.未见报道的10个叶绿素-a衍生物均经UV,IR,1H NMR及元素分析证明其结构.     

(焦)脱镁叶绿酸-a的1,3-偶极环加成反应及其叶绿素类二氢卟吩的合成

以脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯为起始原料,通过加成、缩合和空气氧化等常见化学反应,在二氢卟吩色基上构建了新的碳碳双键;选择不同的1,3-偶极体与3-位、12-位和外接环烯键进行1,3-偶极环加成反应,完成了一系列具有五元杂环取代的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物的合成,其化学结构均经UV-Vis、IR、MS、1H NMR及元素分析予以证实,并对1,3-偶极环加成反应的区域选择性及其相应的反应机理进行了讨论.     

叶绿素-b的结构修饰及其二氢卟吩类衍生物的合成

在含有5％的硫酸甲醇溶液中,通过去除金属镁离子和酯交换反应将叶绿素-b降解为脱镁叶绿酸-b甲酯,在二苯醚中的热裂解进一步将其转化为焦脱镁叶绿酸-b甲酯.通过乙酸中的空气氧化得到132-羟基脱镁叶绿酸-b甲酯和132-羟基焦脱镁叶绿酸-b甲酯,前者和脱镁叶绿酸-b甲酯在碱性条件下继续与空气中氧分子作用均给出相应的氧化产物.C3-乙烯基与重氮甲烷1,3偶极环加成及热裂解反应生成C3-吡唑啉基和环丙基取代的二氢卟吩衍生物;C7-甲酰基与溴化三苯基苄基鳞的Wittig反应给出C7-苯亚甲基取代的二氢卟吩衍生物.所合成新的二氢卟吩类衍生物均经UV,IR,1HNMR光谱及元素分析证明其结构.与此同时,对相应的反应提出了可能的反应机理.     

焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯20-meso-1-位的亲电取代反应

利用焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯与亲电试剂发生的取代反应, 在焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯的20-meso-位上分别引进硝基和卤原子, 得到了20-meso位取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸衍生物. 所合成的新叶绿素-a衍生物均经UV, IR, ¹H NMR及元素分析证明其结构. 另外, 对叶绿素-a卟吩环上的芳香性和相应的化学反应活性也进行了讨论, 提出了可能的亲电取代反应机理.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.