快速检测水产饲料中氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟甲砜霉素残留

建立了水产养殖饲料中氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟甲砜霉素3种氯霉素类抗菌素同时检测的液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)方法。优化了样品前处理过程中提取溶剂、提取溶剂碱性、固相萃取柱类型,采用三重串联四级杆质谱的电喷雾电离负离子模式和选择离子反应监测模式,建立了水产饲料中3种氯霉素类抗菌素HPLC-MS/MS的同时分析方法。方法的加标回收率为84.7%~101.0%,相对标准偏差3.7%~7.0%(n=6),检出限为0.1~0.2μg/kg,定量限为0.3~0.5μg/kg。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱对蜂王浆中27种药物残留的同时测定

建立了蜂王浆中氯霉素、磺胺类、磺胺增效剂、氟喹诺酮类、林可胺类、硝基咪唑类、大环内酯类等7大类27种药物残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定的分析方法。对提取溶剂、提取pH值、色谱柱、流动相、质谱条件进行了优化。结果表明,氯霉素的线性范围为0.3~10μg/kg,其余26种药物的线性范围为2~100μg/kg;氯霉素的检出限(S/N=3)为0.1μg/kg,其余26种药物的检出限均为1μg/kg;回收率达70%~119%,相对标准偏差为4.3%~14.9%。该方法满足蜂王浆中27种药物残留的同时测定要求,具有样品预处理简单、灵敏度高、分析时间短的优点。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法同时检测水产品中的氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺

建立了同时测定水产品中氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺的固相萃取-气相色谱方法。用98:2(V/V)的乙酸乙酯和氨水提取鱼体中的氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺,用MCX固相萃取小柱对提取物进行净化和富集,经98:2(V/V)的甲醇和氨水混合溶液洗脱后氮吹浓缩,并用乙腈复溶,再用BSTFA衍生化和气相色谱仪检测。实验条件下,氯霉素浓度在5~50μg/L范围,甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺浓度在15~100μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数分别为0.9909,0.9937,0.9948和0.9916,检出限分别为0.3,1.0,1.0和1.0μg/kg,7次加标回收率为71.8%~105%,相对标准偏差在8.1%~15%之间。     

同位素稀释结合固相萃取快速测定动物组织中β2-兴奋剂

本文采用同位素稀释结合固相萃取技术,测定动物组织中特布他林、克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺4种β2-兴奋剂。动物组织加同位素内标D3-沙丁胺醇和D9-克伦特罗,经甲醇提取后,正己烷脱脂,过SLS离子交换固相萃取柱净化,用BSTFA 1%(φ)TMCS衍生,采用GC/MS进行测定,内标法定量。实验表明,动物组织中添加2.0~10.0μg/kg浓度水平的β2-兴奋剂,方法回收率在72.5%~97.9%,相对标准偏差1.0%~11.4%,线性范围为12.5~500μg/L,样品中特布他林、克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺最低检出限分别为0.5μg/kg、1.0μg/kg、0.5μg/kg和1.0μg/kg。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂胶原胶中氯霉素的残留量

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定蜂胶原胶中氯霉素残留量的分析方法。样品用叔丁基甲醚溶解,氢氧化钠溶液去除黄酮类等杂质,叔丁基甲醚层加正己烷降低氯霉素的溶解度,再用乙酸钠缓冲液反萃氯霉素,反萃溶液调至碱性后用乙酸乙酯萃取,经浓缩、复溶和过滤后,进行测定。采用甲醇-水(65∶35,体积比)为流动相,反相Atlantis T_3色谱柱进行液相色谱分离,电喷雾负离子电离(ESI-),多反应监测模式(MRM)进行检测,内标法定量。结果表明,氯霉素在0.1~5.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好;方法的定量下限(S/N≥10)为0.3μg/kg;在0.3、0.6、3.0μg/kg加标水平下,氯霉素的平均回收率为97.3%~103%,相对标准偏差为4.8%~6.4%。该法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合兽药残留检测的要求。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中的氯霉素

用超高效液相色谱/串联质谱(UPLC/MS/MS)测定化妆品中的微量氯霉素。样品经甲醇-盐酸溶液提取后采用UPLC/MS/MS电喷雾电离(ESI),负离子,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。氯霉素检则限为0.01 mg/kg。在添加10~100μg/kg范围内,氯霉素回收率为95.6%~98.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于4.6%。     

快速溶剂萃取-离子色谱-质谱法同时测定爆炸尘土中的氯酸盐和高氯酸盐EI北大核心CSCD

爆炸尘土用去离子水作为提取剂,萃取、离心和0.22μm滤膜净化后,采用Ion Pac AS20离子色谱柱分离,40 mmol/L KOH溶液等度淋洗,采用三重四极杆质谱仪负离子模式检测,多离子监测模式扫描,外标法定量。结果表明,氯酸盐和高氯酸盐在质量浓度0.5~100.0μg/L范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999。检出限分别为0.12和0.01μg/L,定量限为0.5μg/L和0.04μg/L,相对标准偏差为3.0%~5.0%和1.6%~5.0%,回收率范围为82.8%~86.5%和89.3%~93.2%。利用该方法测定爆炸尘土,所有样本均检出氯酸盐和高氯酸盐,含量范围分别为0.16~0.26 mg/kg和7.15~20.90 mg/kg。     

同位素稀释气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱测定虾仁中氯霉素

建立了一种稳定同位素稀释技术测定虾仁中氯霉素的气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱分析方法。样品中氯霉素用乙酸乙酯提取,以N,O-双三甲基硅基三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)+三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)为衍生剂,用氘代氯霉素(D5-CAP)为内标物,采用反吹技术,用气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱中多反应监测模式(MRM)进行定性定量分析。该方法在0.5~25ng范围内线性良好,相关系数r=0.9991,低、高二种浓度加标回收率均在89.2%~106.4%之间,方法检出限为0.1μg/kg。     

同位素稀释法测定乳制品中的残留氯霉素

建立了同位素稀释高效液相色谱串联质谱测定乳制品中氯霉素残留的方法;往待测样品中加入同位素内标氯霉素-D5,用乙腈进行提取,取部分提取液加水稀释,并于4℃放置1h后冷冻、离心分离,取上清液进行负离子选择反应监测模式下的液相色谱-质谱技术检测;并确定了优化检测条件.结果表明,在优化的检测条件下,该方法在0.1~10μg/L氯霉素浓度范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 8,检出限(S/N=3)为0.1μg/kg.其在不同添加水平(0.02、2、10μg/L)下对液体乳和奶粉两种样品的平均回收率分别为95.0%~102.5%和90.0%~101.0%,相对标准偏差分别为1.86%~5.35%和2.16%~5.64%.该方法操作简便快速、灵敏度高、重现性好、便于大批量的样品分析,符合法规残留限量监测要求,为监测乳制品质量安全提供了一种较好的检测手段.     

改良的QuEChERS与HPLC-HESI/MS/MS同时测定中华鳖组织中氯硝柳胺和酰胺醇类药物及其代谢物的残留量

建立了中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)组织(血浆、肌肉、裙边、肝脏和肾脏)中氯硝柳胺、氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺同时测定的高效液相色谱-加热电喷雾电离源串联质谱法(HPLC-HESI/MS/MS)。样品经改进的QuEChERS方法提取净化,以氨化乙腈为提取剂,十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(C18)粉为净化剂,甲醇-水为流动相,流速为0.3 mL/min,以Waters Symmetry~ C_(18)(2.1 mm×100 mm,3.5μm)为色谱分离柱,采用正负离子分段扫描和多反应监测模式(MRM)检测。氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺采用内标标准曲线法定量,氯硝柳胺采用基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。结果表明,在0.3~100μg/L范围内,5种待测物均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均不小于0.998 7。在1~20μg/kg加标水平下,中华鳖空白血浆、肌肉、裙边、肝脏和肾脏的加标回收率为77.9%~105.3%(n=6),相对标准偏差为2.7%~10.5%(n=6),方法的检出限分别为0.5、0.1、0.5、0.5、0.5μg/kg,定量下限分别为1.0、0.3、1.0、1.0、1.0μg/kg。该方法操作简便、准确、灵敏度高,适用于中华鳖组织中氯硝柳胺、氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺残留量的同时测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.