MgFeO氧化物催化剂酸碱性质的微量吸附量热研究

ＭｇＦｅＯ氧化物催化剂酸碱性质的微量吸附量热研究屠迈，沈俭一，陈懿（南京大学化学化工学院，２１００９３）全面描述固体酸碱催化剂表面酸碱性质应当包括测定酸碱中心的类型（即Ｂ型和Ｌ型）、强度和数量或强度分布，这些性质与其催化性能有密切的联系。从固体表面吸...     

Cu(Al)O复合物表面酸碱性质的微量吸附量热研究

673K分解Cu/AI物质的量比分别为0．5、1和2的Cu-AI水滑石转化为Cu(AI)O复合物。XRD测定仅显示CuO物相,表明组成成分较均一。微量吸附量热法测定Cu(AI)O复合物表面酸碱中心的强度和数量,给出了吸附分子CO2／NH3的吸附曲线。量热结果展示,样品的酸中心强度顺序是：0．5CAO＞CAO＞2CAO,而碱中心强度顺序是：0．5CAO＜CAO＜2CAO。显然,样品的酸性（碱性）随着AI(Cu)含量的提高而逐渐增强。研究表明,样品的NH3和CO2起始吸附热与其Sanderson电负性线性相关。     

凹凸棒粘土表面酸碱性质的研究

凹凸棒粘土是一种含水的镁铝硅酸盐，经焙烧处理后作为催化剂或载体已被广泛应用于多种催化反应［‘－’j．对于这些反应，尤其是酸碱催化反应，凹凸棒粘土表面的酸碱性质有着重要影响．有关凹凸棒粘土酸碱性质的定量描述，包括酸碱中心的类型、强度和数量D”消未见报道．本文首次使用微量吸附量热技术定量测定了凹凸棒粘土表面酸碱中心的强度和数量，并采用FTIR技术阐明了表面酸中心的类型，同时研究了凹凸棒粘土催化异丙醇脱水反应的性能．1实验部分凹凸棒粘土样品由原矿粉经723K焙烧6h制得，其成分以氧化物计为：Sic。（55．6％～605…     

测定Cu—Al—O复合物催化剂表面酸碱性的微量热法

以NH3－CO2作探针分子,采用微量热法测定Cu-Al－O复合物催化剂的表面酸碱性,实验结果表明,样品的酸中心强度顺序是：0．5CAO＞CAO＞2CAO（0．5CAO,CAO,2CAO分别表示复合物中n(Cu)/n(Al)为0．5,1和2）,而碱中心强度顺序是,0．5CAO＜CAO＜2CAO。该法测定Cu-Al-O复合物表面酸碱中心的强度和密度,不受样品颜色限制,操作方便,准确度高,是用于测定固体催化剂表面酸碱性的一种较理想的定量方法。     

微量吸附量热法研究氧化物催化剂的酸碱性质

利用微量吸附量热技术定量地表征了Eu₂O₃、CeO₂、MgO、ZnO、Al₂O₃和NiO等氧化物表面酸碱中心的强度和数量,结果表明,样品的NH₃和CO₂起始吸附热与其Sanderson电负性相关.     

焙烧温度对Mg(Al)O复合物结构和表面酸碱性质影响的研究

分别在673、873和1073K分解Mg/Al摩尔比为3的水滑石生成Mg(Al)O复合物.XRD测定均显示MgO物相.873K以上焙烧的样品同时存在MgAl2O4尖晶石物相.微量吸附量热测定其表面酸碱中心的强度和密度,发现碱中心强度和密度顺序为:MAO-2＞MAO-3≈MAO-1,而酸中心强度和密度顺序是:MAO-1＞MAO-3≈MAO-2.红外光谱表明,Mg(Al)O复合物表面酸碱中心主要存在L酸,碱中心是氧阴离子.焙烧温度对表面碱中心类型几乎没有影响.固态MAS27Al核磁共振结果展示,这些样品呈现出显著的Al3+配位情况的变化.     

测定Cu-Al-O复合物催化剂表面酸碱性的微量热法

以NH3 -CO2 作探针分子,采用微量热法测定Cu -Al -O复合物催化剂的表面酸碱性。实验结果表明,样品的酸中心强度顺序是:0.5CAO>CAO>2CAO(0.5CAO、CAO、2CAO分别表示复合物中n(Cu)/n(Al)为0.5、1和2),而碱中心强度顺序是:0.5CAO相似文献   

ZrO2酸碱性质的TPD表征 III.苯酚和CO2或NH3共吸附

用TPD－MS技术对ZrO2上PhOH和CO2或NH3双组分共吸附效应进行了研究．当有CO2或NH3预先吸附时，PhOH的吸附状态和脱附温度并不发生改变．PhOH一方面可以取代与表面酸－碱对中心有关的强吸附CO2或NH3物种而吸附，另一方面表面剩余的CO2或NH3吸附物种又能通过表面键诱导极化使一些“潜在的酸碱中心”得到活化，组成能够吸附PhOH的酸－碱对中心．后一种作用可导致PhOH吸附量增加一倍，表明ZrO2表面具有很高的可极化度．     

Eu（Ⅲ）在Na基高庙子膨润土上的吸附作用：实验和构模研究

采用连续电位滴定法研究了不同离子强度下Na基高庙子膨润土（Na-BNT）的表面酸、碱性质;用批式法研究了温度为22±2℃时,离子强度从0．001到0．5mol／L、Eu（Ⅲ）浓度从10曲到10^-4mol／L、pH从3到10．5的广泛实验条件下,Eu（Ⅲ）在Na．BNT上的吸附作用;通过考虑发生在层间位点（1ayersites）和边位点（edgesites）上的表面反应,对比了双层静电模型与非静电模型对宏观实验数据的描述,结果表明,双层静电模型可以描述Na基高庙子膨润土的表面酸碱性质,但对除I=0．1mol／L以外其他离子强度下Eu（Ⅲ）的吸附难以作出合理描述;非静电模型可以定量描述广泛实验条件下Eu（Ⅲ）在Na基高庙子膨润土上的吸附作用,但对pH〉8时Na基高庙子膨润土的表面酸碱性质的描述不够理想;研究结果为解释和预N＋3价镧系和锕系元素在高庙子膨润土上的吸附作用提供了模型参考．     

ZrO2酸碱性质的TPD表征 II. NH3和CO2共吸附研究

用NH_3和CO_2双组分并吸附TPD-MS和IR技术对ZrO_2催化剂表面酸中心和碱中心的相互关系进行了表征. 先吸附NH_3（或CO_2）对在其后吸附的CO_2（或NH_3）不仅无阻碍，反而导致后吸附CO_2（或NH_3）在最高程脱峰温区（＞510 K）的脱附量增加．这种双组分并吸附效应在IR谱图上表现为NH_3共吸附诱发生成了一种新的CO_2吸附态，即在碱中心上形成单齿碳酸根物种．同时CO_2共吸附又强化NH_3与Zr~(4＋)（Lewis酸中心）的配位键合．这表明ZrO_2表面存在相互邻接的酸中心和碱中心，它们通过表面键诱导极化而令酸－碱相互作用加强．这类双组分共吸附效应可归结为表面键诱导酸－碱相互作用．     

Comparative study of H2S and SO2 adsorption on polycrystalline copper by surface potential measurements

Surface Potential Variations ΔΦ and XPS show the presence of S(a) on Cu after exposure to H₂S. On such a presulfided state, H₂S adsorbs molecularly and reversibly at room temperature. Exposure to SO₂ mainly leads to the formation of S(a) and SO_x(a) while molecular adsorption has not been evidenced at room temperature.     

Adsorption and Thermodynamic Study of Pyrogenic Alumina Properties

Adsorption of n-pentane, triethylamine, diethyl ether, acetonitrile and chloroform has been investigated on pyrogenic alumina (S=140 m² g⁻¹). The results of our studies have shown the presence of active sites on the surface of pyrogenic alumina with irreversible adsorption of electron-donating molecules and CHCl₃ and the dependence of energetic surface properties on electronic structure of adsorbate, quantity of adsorbed substance and hydration degree of the surface. On the hydrated oxide surface the water molecules screen the active sites of the surface, which resulted in changing of interaction energy of adsorbent-adsorbate and decreasing the region of irreversible adsorption of organic bases and CH-acid. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Competitive adsorption

A review is presented on the multicomponent competitive adsorption, static equilibrium adsorption, and dynamic nonequilibrium adsorption from gaseous and liquid media onto the surface of porous and disperse solids. The state of the theory of multicomponent adsorption is analyzed. Not only traditional methods were used for investigations in this field but also NMR spectroscopy (difference in the spectra of adsorbed and free compounds), FTIR spectroscopy (difference in the spectra of surface groups and bonds in adsorbates), calorimetry, thermally stimulated depolarization, photon correlation spectroscopy, electrophoresis, and cryoporometry. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 133–169, May–June, 2007.     

氨基酸在固体表面的吸附*

介绍了氨基酸在固体表面吸附的常见吸附模式和吸附等温线类型。在常见的等温式中Sips等温式能处理液相中吸附质浓度从低到高、吸附剂表面从均匀到不均匀等各种情形下的固/液吸附体系,得到的等温线一般归属4类：S型、L型、H型和C型;总结和讨论了各吸附参数对氨基酸吸附的影响,具体考察了氨基酸种类、固体表面的性质、溶剂种类、介质的pH、介质离子强度和温度等因素对氨基酸吸附的影响,指出通过优化各吸附参数,可以调整氨基酸和固体吸附剂之间的静电吸引力或疏水作用,达到最好的吸附效果;对氨基酸的固体吸附剂进行了分类阐述。     

Surface adsorption‐induced conformational ordering and crystallization of polyethylene oxide

The conformational ordering and crystallization of polyethylene oxide (PEO) in the presence of KBr surface were studied with in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). KBr was chosen because of its low absorption on IR, which allows adding large amounts KBr into PEO matrix without sacrificing IR signal significantly. The presence of KBr enhances conformational order well above the melting temperature of PEO, which can further accelerate or decelerate the crystallization process. Low concentrations of KBr powder in the PEO melt promotes crystallization process, whereas high concentration of KBr restricts large portion of PEO chains on KBr surfaces, which hinder the diffusion and rearrangement of conformation and consequently slow down the crystallization process. Acceleration of crystallization requires a synergetic effect between the adsorbed chains with ordered conformation and the free chains with a fast diffusion rate, where the former and the later are responsible to lower the nuclei barrier and to maintain the low activation energy of diffusion, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 106–112, 2010     

CPS L 946

A thermodynamic inequality, providing the possibility of calculating the limiting number of adsorbed layers from the excess adsorption data, is discussed. For identical cross-sectional areas of molecules of both components this inequality simplifies considerably and defines the limiting value of the surface phase capacity. Therefore, it may be used as criterion of the accuracy of the surface phase capacity value evaluated by other methods. Taking this criterion into account a method is proposed to determine the surface phase capacity and number of adsorbed layers from the excess adsorption data. It is verified by using the excess adsorption data available from the literature.     

十八烷基二甲基氯化铵水溶液动态表面张力及吸附动力学研究

使用最大气泡法测定了十八烷基二甲基氯化铵（C_(18)DAC）水溶液的动态表 面张力,考察了浓度、温度等对其DST的影响,详细表征了DST随时间的变化过程, 计算了动态表面张力的各种参数（n,t_i,t~*,t_m,R_(1/2)）。结合Word- Tordai方程计算了表观扩散系数（D_a）和吸附势垒（E_a）,对其吸附动力学模式 进行了研究,探讨了DST参数的物理意义。结果表明,t~*值越小,吸附势垒E_a越 大,宏观扩散系数D_a越小,表面活性剂分子越不易吸附在溶液表面;C_(18)DAC低 浓度时吸附属于扩散控制模式,高浓度时属于混合控制模式;高浓度时,在吸附初 期（t → 0）为扩散控制模式,吸附后期（t → ∞）为混合控制模式。     

锂硫电池正极材料研究进展

电动汽车行业的迅速发展,逐步提高了对二次电池容量的要求,因此急需发展新型高容量锂电池。锂硫电池具有高理论比容量(1675mAh/g)和高理论比能量(2600Wh/kg),使其能够实现锂离子电池3~5倍的能量密度。但是,正极长链多硫化物溶解引起的容量衰减快、循环寿命短等因素限制了锂硫电池的实用化进程。本文针对正极聚硫锂溶解问题,从正极材料表面包覆、表面吸附、表面催化的角度对近年来提高锂硫电池循环性能的正极材料研究思路和研究进展进行综述,最后对提高锂硫电池性能的发展趋势提出展望。     

Adsorption isotherm for a solid electrode: The link between the differential surface tension and capacitance curves

Investigation of thermodynamically equilibrium single-component adsorption from a liquid solution on a solid electrode with allowance made for elastic deformation of its surface is continued. A full electrocapillarity equation is derived from thermodynamics equations for an interphase layer in the absence of irreversible processes. Thermodynamic aspects of the Shuttleworth equation are discussed and the equation is compared with two-dimensional Murnaghan formulas for elastic isotropic media. An adsorption isotherm equation and compatibility equations that had been derived previously are examined in a special case where the derivative of a surface concentration with respect to depends solely on (=()) and a rigorous solution of these is obtained for a deformed electrode ( 0). The effect of and dimensionless electrode potential on the extreme (at an infinitely high adsorbate concentration) value of is studied. The model of two parallel capacitors is considered in detail for a general case. Owing to the use of capacitance curves for an elastically stretched electrode, a formula that expresses the differential surface tension of a nondeformed electrode through such curves is derived for the first time ever.To the memory of my motherTranslated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2005, pp. 20–34.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Podgaetskii.