Preparation of methyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate copolymerized nonporous particles

Particles of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) copolymer having narrow size distributions were prepared by the method of dispersion polymerization. Results from the analysis of particle porosity and the correlation of specific surface area with the reciprocal of particle diameter suggest that the prepared particles were nonporous. The particle size was found to decrease from 4.2 to 2.1 μm with increasing the mass ratio of GMA/MMA from 0.1 to 0.75. Polymer particles having an average diameter falling in this range are suitable for being employed as the stationary phase in protein chromatography. The decrease in particle size when GMA was present could be due to the increase in adsorption rate of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). The oligomer chains that were rich in GMA were more active for adsorbing and grafting PVP, compared with the moiety of MMA. An increase in the GMA/MMA ratio also leaded to a decrease in epoxy‐group density on the particle surface, since the reactivity of GMA was greater than that of MMA. Results of this work suggest that the influence of GMA/MMA mass ratio on the particle size and surface functionality of the nonporous particles was very significant. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1457–1463, 1999     

沉淀聚合法制备窄分散聚(甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-co-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)功能聚合物微球

以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为共聚单体,采用沉淀聚合法制备了不同交联度的窄分散聚合物微球,考察了共聚单体对聚合物微球粒度、分散性以及产率的影响,并用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱对微球进行了表征,SEM结果显示当EGDMA的比例在40mol%～70mol%之间时,可得到单分散的poly-(GMA-co-EGDMA)微球.     

Preparation of narrow or monodisperse poly(ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) microspheres by distillation-precipitation polymerization

Highly crosslinked narrow or monodisperse poly(ethyleneglycol dimethacryltae) (polyEGDMA) microspheres were prepared by distillation-precipitation polymerization in neat acetonitrile with 2,2′-azobis(2-methyl propinitrile) (AIBN) as an initiator. The polymer microspheres with clean surfaces due to the absence of any added stabilizer in the reaction system were formed simultaneously through a precipitation manner during the distillation of acetonitrile off the reaction system. The effects of the solvent, initiator concentration, monomer concentration and comonomer (divinylbenzene, DVB) fraction on the formation of the microspheres were investigated. Narrow- or monodisperse particles with spherical shape and smooth surface were obtained with diameters between 1.18 and 2.50 μm with monomer loading lower than 3.13 vol%. The surfaces of the microspheres became rougher, some elliptic particles and doublet or triplet appeared with the increase of monomer concentration (as high as 3.75 vol%). The yield of polymer microspheres was increased from 31% to 75% with the increase of EGDMA fraction from 0 to 100% when EGDMA was copolymerized with DVB. The resulting polymer microspheres were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform-IR spectra.     

Novel copolymer networks via the combination of polyaddition and anionic polymerization

A two‐step synthetic route to novel copolymer networks, consisting of polymethacrylate and polyacetal components, was developed by combining the polyaddition and anionic polymerization techniques. The functional polymethacrylates containing hydroxyl or vinyloxyl side groups were used as crosslinkers. They were anionically synthesized as follows: the copolymer of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was prepared by the anionic copolymerization of 2‐(trimethylsiloxy)ethyl methacrylate and MMA, followed by hydrolysis. The copolymer poly(HEMA‐co‐MMA) thus obtained possessed a hydroxyl group in each of its HEMA units. Another kind of vinyloxyl‐containing (co)polymer was prepared by the anionic homopolymerization of 2‐(vinyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (VEMA) or its copolymerization with MMA. The resulting (co)polymer possessed reactive vinyloxyl side groups. The copolymer networks were obtained by reacting each of the above‐mentioned (co)polymers with a polyacetal prepared via the polyaddition between a divinyl ether and a diol. Three divinyl ethers (ethylene glycol divinyl ether, 1,4‐butanediol divinyl ether, and 1,6‐hexanediol divinyl ether) and three diols (ethylene glycol, 1,4‐butanediol, and 1,6‐hexanediol) were employed as monomers in the polyaddition step, and their combinations generated nine kinds of polyacetals. When a polyaddition reaction was terminated with a divinyl ether monomer, a polyacetal with two vinyloxyl end groups was obtained, which could further react with the hydroxyl groups of poly(HEMA‐co‐MMA) to generate a copolymer network. On the other hand, when a diol was used as terminator in the polyaddition, the resulting polyacetal possessed two hydroxyl end groups, which could react with the vinyloxyl groups of poly(VEMA) or poly(VEMA‐co‐MMA), to generate a copolymer network. All the copolymer networks exhibited degradation in the presence of acids. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 117–126, 2001     

Synthesis of core-shell polymer microspheres by two-stage distillation-precipitation polymerization

Narrow- or monodisperse core-shell polymer microspheres with a dense core and a lightly crosslinked shell with different functional groups, such as ester, hydroxyl, cyano, were prepared by two-stage distillation-precipitation polymerization without any stabilizer. Commercial divinylbenzene (DVB), containing 80% of DVB was polymerized by distillation-precipitation polymerization with 2,2′-azobis(2-methyl propionitrile) (AIBN) as initiator in neat acetonitrile in the absence of any stabilizer as the first stage polymerization and used as the core. When the conversion of DVB was about 35% in the first stage, the second-comonomers with different functional groups, such as methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA), butyl methacrylate (BMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), i-octyl acrylate (i-OA), dodecyl acrylate (DA), methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (Trim), and acrylnitrile (AN) together with AIBN were introduced, respectively, into the reaction system and copolymerized with unreacted DVB on the core surface to form a lightly crosslinked functional shell. The resulting core-shell polymer particles were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FT-IR spectra.     

蒸馏沉淀聚合法制备窄分散聚二乙烯基苯-co-丙烯腈功能聚合物微球

采用蒸馏沉淀聚合法,利用过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,在不加任何稳定剂和不搅拌的情况下,丙烯腈(AN)和二乙烯基苯(DVB)为共聚单体制备了不同交联度的微米和亚微米窄分散聚合物微球,考查了共聚单体对球体的影响,并用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱对微球进行了表征.     

在交联聚合物微球GMA/MMA表面接枝固载聚乙二醇的研究

以乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,采用悬浮聚合方法,制备了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的交联微球GMA/MMA.使用Lewis酸催化剂,通过环氧键的开环反应,将聚乙二醇(PEG)偶合接枝在交联微球GMA/MMA表面,实现了PEG的固载化,制得了三相相转移催化剂PEG-GMA/MMA.重点考察了各种因素对PEG接枝固载过程的影响,并研究了反应机理.实验结果表明,以交联微球GMA/MMA为载体,可以顺利地实现PEG的固载化,这是制备PEG三相相转移催化剂的简捷途径.实验发现,Lewis酸也能催化环氧键的开环反应,而且比质子酸的催化更加有效.溶剂的极性对偶合接枝反应的影响较大,采用极性大的溶剂有利于PEG的接枝固载.偶合接枝体系中,过高的催化剂用量会导致PEG双端羟基参与接枝反应,使载体表面大分子之间发生附加交联,不利于PEG的接枝固载.在适宜的反应条件下,接枝微球PEG-GMA/MMA表面的PEG接枝度可达0.20 g/g.     

Monodisperse poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-divinylbenzene) microspheres by precipitation polymerization

Monodisperse poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-divinylbenzene-80) microspheres of 4–6-µm diameter were prepared by precipitation copolymerization in neat acetonitrile and in acetonitrile/toluene mixtures. These particles have clean surfaces due to the absence of any added stabilizer and up to 0.5 cm³/g pore volume, depending on the comonomer ratio and on the amount of toluene cosolvent. The effects of comonomer and cosolvent ratios on microsphere formation and morphology are described. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2295–2303, 1999     

Synthesis and photopolymerizations of new phosphonated monomers for dental applications

Three novel phosphonated methacrylate monomers have been synthesized and studied for use in dental applications. Two of the monomers were synthesized from the reactions of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with (diethoxy‐phosphoryl)‐acetic acid (monomer 1 ) and (2‐hydroxy‐ethyl)‐phosphonic acid dimethyl ester (monomer 2 ). These monomers showed high crosslinking tendencies during thermal bulk and solution polymerizations. The third monomer (monomer 3 ) was prepared by the reaction of bisphenol A diglycidylether (DER) with (diethoxy‐phosphoryl)‐acetic acid and subsequent conversion of the resulting diol to the methacrylate with methacryloyl chloride. The homopolymerization and copolymerization behaviors of the synthesized monomers were also investigated with glycerol dimethacrylate (GDMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and 2,2‐bis[4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloyloxy propyloxy) phenyl] propane (bis‐GMA) using photodifferential scanning calorimetry at 40 °C using 2,2′‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenyl acetophenone (DMPA) as photoinitiator. Monomer 1 showed polymerization rate similar or greater than dimethacrylates studied here but with higher conversion. The maximum rate of polymerizations decreased in the following order: 1 ～TEGDMA>GDMA～bis‐GMA～ 3 > 2 . A synergistic effect in the rate of polymerization was observed during copolymerizations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2290–2299, 2008     

A successive route to amphiphilic graft copolymers with a hydrophilic poly(3‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate) backbone and hydrophobic polystyrene side chains

A successive method for preparing novel amphiphilic graft copolymers with a hydrophilic backbone and hydrophobic side chains was developed. An anionic copolymerization of two bifunctional monomers, namely, allyl methacrylate (AMA) and a small amount of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), was carried out in tetrahydrofuran (THF) with 1,1‐diphenylhexyllithium (DPHL) as the initiator in the presence of LiCl ([LiCl]/[DPHL]₀ = 2), at −50 °C. The copolymer poly(AMA‐co‐GMA) thus obtained possessed a controlled molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution (M_w /M_n = 1.08–1.17). Without termination and polymer separation, a coupling reaction between the epoxy groups of this copolymer and anionic living polystyrene [poly(St)] at −40 °C generated a graft copolymer with a poly(AMA‐co‐GMA) backbone and poly(St) side chains. This graft copolymer was free of its precursors, and its molecular weight as well as its composition could be well controlled. To the completed coupling reaction solution, a THF solution of 9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane was added, and this was followed by the addition of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. This hydroboration changed the AMA units of the backbone to 3‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and an amphiphilic graft copolymer with a hydrophilic poly(3‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate) backbone and hydrophobic poly(St) side chains was obtained. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1195–1202, 2000     

Hydroxyl Functionalized Uniform‐Porous Beads,Synthesis and Chromatographic Use

Uniform‐porous poly(dihydroxypropyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate), poly(DHPM‐co‐EDM) particles were synthesized as an alternative packing material for reversed phase chromatography. In the synthesis, poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ethylene dimethacrylate), poly(GMA‐co‐EDM) particles were obtained by a multi‐stage swelling and polymerization protocol, the so called “modified seeded polymerization”. For this purpose, 2.4 µm polystyrene seed particles were first swollen by dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and then by a monomer mixture including glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate. The repolymerization of monomer phase in the swollen seed particles provided porous uniform particles approximately 7 µm in size. Poly(DHPM‐co‐EDM) particles were obtained by the acid hydrolysis of the particles synthesized with different GMA feed concentrations. These particles were used as column‐packing material in the reversed phase separation of alkylbenzenes. The retention factor‐acetonitrile concentration diagrams clearly showed that the polarity of packing material could be controlled by changing the GMA feed concentration in the “modified seeded polymerization”. The packing materials with more hydrophobic character (i.e., poly(EDM) and poly(DHPM‐co‐EDM) particles produced with the GMA feed concentrations up to 20%) exhibited better chromatographic performance in the reversed phase mode.     

Modified suspension‐PVC particles as absorbents of ortho‐dichlorobenzene from water

Modified porous PVC particles are studied as absorbents of o‐dichlorobenzene (DCB), from water. The modified particles were produced by an in‐situ stabilizer‐free polymerization/crosslinking of a monomer/crosslinker/peroxide solution absorbed within commercial porous suspension‐type PVC particles. The modifying monomers used include styrene with divinyl benzene (DVB) as a crosslinking comonomer, methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), or ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinking comonomer. The effect of the nature of the monomers, morphology, porosity, surface area and composition of the modified PVC particles on DCB absorption was studied. Batch experiments (absorption rate and isotherms) were used to screen the PVC absorbents on the basis of absorption rate and absorption capacity. Continuous absorption column experiments were conducted to study the parameters characterizing the absorption process. Both the unmodified and modified PVC particles absorb DCB from water. The PBA and PEHA‐modified PVC particles approach equilibrium capacity faster and have greater absorption capacity than neat PVC, PS‐modified PVC and PMMA‐modified PVC particles. The absorption characteristics are influenced by the modifying polymer's T_g. The rubbery nature of PBA and PEHA yields better absorption in spite of the significantly lower surface area and porosity obtained in the modified PVC particles. Thus, indicating that fast adsorption followed by bulk absorption of DCB is taking place. A clear influence of the crosslinking effect was not established. The continuous absorption experiments were found more efficient than the batch absorption experiments. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Grafting by in situ coupling of epoxy groups of a living copolymer with an anionic living polymer

A tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution of the living random copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was prepared by the living anionic copolymerization of the two monomers, using 1,1‐diphenylhexyllithium (DPHLi) as initiator, in the presence of LiCl ([LiCl]/[DPHLi]₀ = 3), at −50°C. The copolymer thus obtained has a controlled composition and molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution. By introduction of an anionic living polystyrene (poly(St)) or anionic living polyisoprene (poly(Is)) solution into the above system at −30°C, a coupling reaction took place and a graft copolymer with a polar backbone and nonpolar side chains was produced. The solvent used in the preparation of the living poly(St) or poly(Is) affects the coupling reaction. When benzene was the solvent, a graft copolymer of high purity, controlled graft number and molecular weight, and narrow molecular weight distribution (M_w/M_n = 1.11–1.21) was obtained. In the coupling reaction, the living poly(St) reacted only with the epoxy groups and not with the carbonyls of the backbone polymer. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 105–112, 1999     

甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚合及竞聚率测定

以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,实施了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的溶液共聚合,测定了共聚物P(GMA-co-MMA)的红外光谱(FT-IR),对其化学结构进行了表征,并采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定了共聚物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg).改变两单体投料比进行共聚合,采用化学分析法测定低转化率下(<7%)共聚物组成,重点研究了两单体的竞聚率.结果表明:GMA与MMA的共聚合易于进行,P(GMA-co-MMA)的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)介于均聚物PGMA(72℃)与PMMA(106℃)之间,当n(GMA)/n(MMA)=4/6时,共聚物的Tg为9l℃.采用FR和KT 2种作图法及YBR计算法对单体的竞聚率进行了计算和比较,结果表明:KT和YBR法较为准确,以DMF为溶剂时,GMA与MMA的竞聚率分别为2.14与0.69.     

Terpolymerization of methyl methacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate or poly(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate with methacrylic acid and sodium styrene sulfonate: determination of the reactivity ratios

Materials bearing ionic monomers were obtained through free radical terpolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PMEM) or poly(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate (PEEM) with methacrylic acid (MA) and sodium styrene sulfonate (NaSS). The reactions were carried out in dimethyl sulfoxide using azobis(isobutyronitrile) as initiator. The reactivity ratios of the different couple of monomers were calculated according to the general copolymerization equation using the Finnemann-Ross, Kelen-Tüdos and Tidwell-Mortimer methods. The values of the reactivity ratios indicate that the different monomer units can be considered as randomly distributed along the chains for terpolymerizations of MMA, PMEM or PEEM with MA and NaSS. The average composition of the comonomers in the different terpolymers were calculated, showing a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical compositions. The instantaneous compositions are constant until about 70% of conversion. For higher conversions, the insertion of ionic monomers increases or decreases according to the system studied.     

Synthesis and properties of water‐soluble azlactone copolymers

Preparation and study of a series of copolymers incorporating 2‐vinyl‐4,4‐dimethylazlactone (VDMA) is reported. The reactivity ratios for photo‐initiated free radical copolymerization of VDMA with methacrylic acid (MAA), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), dimethylacrylamide (DMAA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (MPEG₃₀₀MA), and 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), were determined by fitting comonomer conversion data obtained by in situ ¹H NMR to a terminal copolymerization equation. Semi‐batch photo‐copolymerizations were then used to synthesize the corresponding VDMA copolymers with constant composition. Their solubility and dissolution behavior, as well as their hydrolysis half‐lives under physiological conditions, were determined. P(VDMA‐co‐MAA) copolymers with 52 to 93 mol % VDMA showed decreasing initial solubility and increasing hydrolysis half‐lives with increasing VDMA content. VDMA copolymers with nonionic monomers AAm and DMAA were water soluble only at VDMA contents of 41 and 22 mol % or less, respectively, and showed longer hydrolysis half‐lives than comparable MAA copolymers. VDMA copolymers with HEMA and MPEG₃₀₀MA were found to crosslink during storage, so their hydrolysis half‐lives were not determined. VDMA copolymers with 18% zwitterionic MPC showed a much longer half‐life and superior initial solubility compared to analogous p(VDMA‐co‐MAA), identifying this copolymer as a promising candidate for macromolecular crosslinkers in, for example, aqueous layer‐by‐layer co‐depositions with polyamines. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

沉淀聚合法Poly(DVB-co-EGDMA-co-MAA)功能聚合物微球的制备及表征

采用二乙烯基苯-55(DVB-55)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)作为混合交联剂,乙腈为溶剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体采用沉淀聚合法合成了单分散或窄分散的、表面具有羧基的交联聚合物微球,所得微球的粒径变化范围为0.6～3.8μm.通过调节交联剂DVB-55和EGDMA的投料比,可以对微球的粒径、粒径分布、产率、热稳定性以及表面官能团含量进行有效控制.文中对混合交联剂DVB-55与EGDMA比例的改变对微球的粒径、粒径分布以及产率的影响机理给出了理论解释;对DVB和EGDMA的兼容性研究表明,制备的三元聚合物微球的核拥有比投料比稍多的DVB单元,而微球的外层则以在预聚混合物中占更大比例的交联剂为主.     

Chromatographic performance of molecularly imprinted polymers: Core‐shell microspheres by precipitation polymerization and grafted MIP films via iniferter‐modified silica beads

In this work, two different surface imprinting formats have been evaluated using thiabendazole (TBZ) as model template. The first format is a thin film of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) grafted from preformed silica particles using an immobilized iniferter‐type initiator (inif‐MIP). The second format is molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres with narrow particle size distribution and core‐shell morphology prepared by precipitation polymerization in a two‐step procedure. For the latter format, polymer microspheres (the core particles) were obtained by precipitation polymerization of divinylbenzene‐80 (DVB‐80) in acetonitrile. Thereafter, the core particles were used as seed particles in the synthesis of MIP shells by copolymerization of DVB‐80 and methacrylic acid in the presence of TBZ in a mixed solvent porogen (acetonitrile/toluene). The materials were characterized by elemental microanalysis, nitrogen sorption porosimetry and scanning (and transmission) electron microscopy. Thereafter, the imprinted materials were assessed as stationary phases in liquid chromatography. From this study it can be concluded that grafted MIP beads can be obtained in a simple and direct manner, consuming only a fraction of the reagents used typically to prepare imprinted particles from a monolithic imprinted polymer. Such materials can be used in the development of in‐line molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction methods. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1058–1066, 2010     

Synthesis of tetracycline‐imprinted polymer microspheres by reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer precipitation polymerization using polyethylene glycol as a coporogen

Tetracycline (TC)‐imprinted microspheres have been synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer precipitation polymerization using PEG as a coporogen. In the synthesis, methacrylic acid and ethylene dimethacrylate were used as the functional monomer and cross‐linker, respectively. 2,2′‐Azobisisobutyronitrile was the initiator, and cumyl dithiobenzoate was the chain‐transfer reagent. Although monodispersed microspheres were obtained using acetonitrile as porogen, the particles cannot be used in the column extraction because of the high backpressure. To increase the porosity of the material, PEG was introduced as a coporogen. The influence of the molecular weight and concentration of PEG on the morphology, binding affinity, and porosity of the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been studied. The results demonstrated that PEG as a macroporogen increased the porosity of the polymers. Meanwhile, the column backpressure was reduced using the MIPs with higher porosity. The binding affinity of the MIPs was increased when a low concentration of PEG was employed, while it was decreased when the ratio of PEG 12 000/monomers was >0.8%. Under the optimized conditions, TC‐imprinted microspheres with good selectivity and size uniformity have been obtained, which facilitates its application in the column extraction for TC determinations.     

交联剂对无皂P(MMA-EA-MAA)种子聚合乳胶粒成孔的影响

采用完全无皂种子乳液聚合技术合成了粒径窄分布的P(MMA-EA-MAA)乳胶粒,通过对上述胶乳进行碱处理,制备出了具有空腔结构和多孔结构的聚合物乳胶粒,研究了交联剂的种类和用量对聚合过程、胶粒特性及胶粒结构形态的影响.结果表明,体系中加入交联剂后,单体转化率都有不同程度的提高;随交联剂用量的增加,乳胶粒粒径略有减小,交联剂用量较高时,乳胶粒粒径分布加宽;二乙烯基苯(DVB)的交联效率稍高于双甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA);不加入交联剂及EGDMA用量低于0.5%时,处理后乳胶粒呈空腔结构,加入DVB及EGDMA用量高于1.0%时,处理后乳胶粒呈多孔结构,并且乳胶粒体积增量随交联剂用量的增加而减小.