N-(3,5-二甲基苯基)氨基甲酸酯单糖及二糖作为高效液相色谱 手性固定相研究

广泛使用的环糊精和多糖手性固定相是由吡喃型葡萄糖结构单元构成, 将D-葡萄糖、D-半乳糖、D-甘露糖、D-木糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、乳糖、纤维二糖的N-(3,5-二甲基苯基)氨基甲酸酯经过3-异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷键合到硅胶上作为高效液相色谱的手性固定相, 结果表明它们也具有好的手性分离能力, 并且它们之间的手性识别能力还具有好的互补性. 该研究表明, 在高效液相色谱中寡糖能成为一类新型的手性固定相.     

键合型纤维素-苯基氨基甲酸酯手性固定相的制备及用于对映异构体拆分

采用化学键合法,利用4,4′-二苯基甲基二异氰酸酯作间隔臂,通过纤维素葡萄糖单元上2、3或6-位上的羟基将纤维素衍生物键合在氨丙基硅胶上,制备了键合型纤维素-苯基氨基甲酸酯手性固定相.同时,以微晶纤维素和苯基异氰酸酯为原料,合成了纤维素-三苯基氨基甲酸酯,并以未修饰的硅胶为载体,制备了涂敷型纤维素-三苯基氨基甲酸酯手性固定相.分别对键合型和涂敷型两类手性固定相进行了表征,并首次在纤维素-苯基氨基甲酸酯手性柱上拆分了安息香.     

全衍生化羟丙基-β-环糊精固定相的制备及应用

研究了3, 5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯对羟丙基-β-环糊精固定相的手性识别影响.通过异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷作偶联剂,将羟丙基-β-环糊精键合到3-氨丙基硅烷化硅胶上,再用3, 5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯对β-环糊精和硅胶其余羟基进行衍生化,制得一种新型的3, 5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯全衍生化羟丙基-β-环糊精键合硅胶手性固定相.在反相色谱条件下,对9种手性药物进行了拆分,结果表明,3, 5-二甲基苯基氨基全衍生化固定相较之羟丙基-β-环糊精固定相有更好的分离效果.     

寡糖对甲基苯甲酸酯手性固定相在高效液相色谱中的应用

将葡萄糖、麦芽糖、纤维二糖、棉子糖、乳糖的对甲基苯甲酸酯经过3异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷键合到硅胶上作为高效液相色谱的手性固定相,以V(正己烷):V(异丙醇)=90:10为流动相,对16种外消旋体化合物进行了拆分.结果表明,D(+)葡萄糖对甲基苯甲酸酯、麦芽糖对甲基苯甲酸酯、纤维二糖对甲基苯甲酸酯、棉子糖对甲基苯甲酸酯和乳糖对甲基苯甲酸酯手性分离柱分别分开了8、6、10、4、5对外消旋体化合物,并且这些手性固定相之间还具有好的手性识别互补性。在高效液相色谱中寡糖有望成为一类新型的手性固定相.     

β-环糊精-对氯苯基氨基甲酸酯手性固定相的色谱行为

合成了β-环糊精-对氯苯基氨基甲酸酯衍生物,并分别涂敷于氨丙基硅胶和硅胶表面,制得两种涂敷型β-环糊精-对氯苯基氨基甲酸酯手性固定相(CSP1,CSP2),并以!-异氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基硅烷为连接剂将此衍生物键合于硅胶表面制得同类型键合手性固定相(CSP3)。自制CSPs具有较好的手性识别能力。CSP3在多模式流动相组成下对21个手性样品呈现出不同的手性分离能力。此外,CSP2和CSP3对硝基苯酚的邻、间、对位置异构体也表现出很好的分离能力(分离度R4)。     

点击化学制备新型手性配体交换色谱固定相

采用点击化学反应制备了一种新型L-脯氨酰胺衍生物键合手性配体交换色谱固定相.硅胶与γ-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷反应后,再与叠氮化钠反应制备得到叠氮化硅胶. 在甲醇溶液中,以溴化亚铜为催化剂,叠氮化硅胶与合成的手性选择子N-炔丙基脯氨酰胺,室温反应48 h,而键合上手性官能团.手性选择子的键合量达0.47 mmol/g,操作简单,反应条件温和.制备的手性固定相以0.2 mmol/L Cu(Ac)2水溶液为流动相,在配体交换模式下拆分了8种D,L-氨基酸,对映体选择因子α在1.14～2.42之间.手性分离能力和稳定性研究表明,点击化学在手性配体交换色谱固定相的制备中具有极大潜力.     

戊唑醇对映体在新型纤维素键合手性固定相上的拆分

利用4,4-二苯基甲基二异氰酸酯作为连接臂, 采用6-位选择键合法制备了键合型纤维素-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)固定相, 并将其应用于戊唑醇的手性分离, 还考察了异丙醇的浓度、不同的醇类改性剂、四氢呋喃以及三氯甲烷对戊唑醇在该固定相上的手性分离的影响.     

纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)手性固定相的制备及对映异构体拆分

以微晶纤维素和对甲基苯甲酰氯为原料,合成了纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯),并以3-氨丙基-三乙氧基硅烷修饰的硅胶为载体,制备了涂敷型纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)液相色谱固定相,对该固定相进行了表征,并在正相条件下对13种对映异构体进行了拆分,其中9种得到了分离,该柱表现出良好的手性分离性能.     

键合型聚丙烯酰胺衍生物手性固定相的制备与手性识别性能

高效液相色谱(HPLC)被广泛认为是分离制备光学纯单一对映体的最有效方法。在高效液相色谱手性拆分中,手性固定相(CSP)的性能直接影响到色谱柱的手性分离能力。在众多手性固定相中,键合型手性固定相具有溶剂耐受性好,分离模式灵活等优点,已经发展成为一类重要的手性固定相。本文通过两步化学反应合成了新型的光学活性丙烯酰胺衍生物--(S)-1-丙烯酰-2-(N-苯基甲酰胺基)吡咯烷((S)-APACP),采用核磁共振氢谱表征了(S)-APACP的化学结构;通过3步化学反应制备了键合型聚丙烯酰胺衍生物手性固定相,采用热重分析法表征了聚合物的键合量,采用HPLC评价了键合型手性固定相的识别能力,分析了影响其手性识别能力的因素。研究结果表明,APACP聚合物成功地键合到硅胶表面制备了具有良好溶剂耐受性的键合型手性固定相,其聚合物键合量为10.2%~11.8%,该键合型手性固定相对若干种对映体显示了较好的手性识别能力。     

一种手性中间体在键合型和涂覆型纤维素手性固定相上的拆分

制备了涂覆型和键合型纤维素-(3, 5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)固定相, 分别在制备的纤维素手性固定相上成功地拆分了一种手性中间体, 通过考察流动相中的改性剂(醇、四氢呋喃、三氯甲烷)对手性拆分的影响, 优化了手性中间体在两种手性固定相上的色谱分离条件, 并比较了手性中间体在涂覆和键合型纤维素手性固定相上的拆分. 结果表明, 涂覆型和键合型手性固定相对这种手性中间体均有较好的拆分效果, 在150 mm的色谱柱上, 这两种手性固定相对这种手性中间体的拆分能力相差不大, 但键合型固定相上可选择的流动相范围更广.     

新型手性配体交换色谱固定相的制备及应用

 合成了 2 -(2 -羟基 -3 -烷氧基 )丙基 -(S) -1 ,2 ,3 ,4-四氢 -3 -异喹啉羧酸手性选择子 ,制备了两种新型涂渍手性配体交换色谱固定相 ,拆分了某些 DL-氨基酸 ,比较了 DL-氨基酸在两种手性相上的色谱分辨。     

COVALENTLY BONDING CHIRAL POLYURETHANE ON AMINATED SILICA GEL： A NEW STRATEGY TO PREPARE CHIRAL STATIONARY PHASE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Two polyurethanes of different molecular weights were prepared by the copolymerization of phenyl diisocyanate and diisopropyl tartrate. The polyurethanes having terminal isocyanate groups were reacted with 3-aminopropyl silica gel to afford two chiral stationary phases. The Mn of the two polyurethanes were 4057 g/mol and 6442 g/mol. The polyurethanes and the corresponding chiral stationary phases were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The loading capacities of the polyurethanes on silica gel were 0.68 mmol units/g and 0.61 mmol units/g, respectively. The separation performance and the influence of additives, triethylamine and trichloroacetic acid, on the separation of chiral compounds were investigated by HPLC. The chiral stationary phase prepared from polyurethane with Mn of 4057 g/mol demonstrated better enantioseparation capability than that with Mn of 6442 g/mol. Additionally, it was found that the addition of triethylamine and trichloroacetic acid in the mobile phases significantly improved the enantioseparation for these two chiral stationary phases.     

Improvement of proline chiral stationary phases by varying peptide length and linker

Seven new stationary phases with different number of proline units and/or different linkage to silica gel were prepared and evaluated in order to improve the performance of proline chiral stationary phases. The average separation factor achieved with the 53 analytes increases with the number of proline units in the stationary phases. When the proline peptides are directly attached to the 3-methylaminopropyl silica gel without using the 6-methylaminohexanoic acid linker, the stationary phases perform better overall. For decaproline chiral stationary phase 8, the separation also depends on the mobile phase system used. For this stationary phase, the CH2Cl2/hexanes/2-propanol system significantly outperforms the 2-propanol/hexanes system. For the 53 analytes tested, the separation factors achieved with this stationary phase compare well with those for three commercial columns.     

Enantioseparation characteristics of the chiral stationary phases based on natural and regenerated chitins

Natural and regenerated chitins were derivatized with 3,5‐dimethyphenyl isocyanate. The corresponding chiral stationary phases were prepared by coating the resulting chitin derivatives on 3‐aminopropyl silica gel. The swelling capacity of the chitin derivatives, enantioseparation capability, as well as eluents tolerance of the chiral stationary phases were evaluated. The results demonstrated no remarkable difference in enantioseparation capability between natural and regenerated chitins based chiral stationary phases. The similar enantioseparation characteristics of two chiral stationary phases could be understood by comparing the IR spectra of related chitin derivatives. The one of the two chiral stationary phases prepared by coating the chitin derivative with a lower molecular weight generally provided better enantioseparations. All chiral stationary phases can work in 100% chloroform, 100% ethyl acetate, 100% acetone, and the mobile phases containing a certain amount of tetrahydrofuran. The chiral stationary phase prepared from the chitin derivative with the highest swelling capacity exhibited better enantioseparations than others. This chiral stationary phase was damaged by flushing with 100% tetrahydrofuran, however, the enantioseparation capability was recovered again after the column was allowed to stand for 1 month. Furthermore, the recovered chiral stationary phase provided better enantioseparations for some chiral analytes than before.     

N-苄氧甲酰基-α-氨基膦酸二苯酯有机磷化合物高效液相 色谱保留和手性识别 机理的研究

在正相条件下,首次对一系列N-苄氧甲酰基-α-氨基膦酸二苯酯化合物在环糊精类固定相CYCLOBONDISN和Pirkle型固定相SumichiralOA4700上实现了高效液相色谱手性折分,探索运用定量结构-对映异构体选择性保留关系的方法,将对映异构体的色谱保留和溶质分子描述参数相关性联系建立定量方程,结比研究了这二种不同类型的手性固定相对该系列有机磷化合物的色谱保留和手性识别机理,结果表明：对该系列化合物而言,Pirkle型手性因定相SumichiralOA4700的色谱手性折分能力明显优于在β-环糊精上衍生引入了额外的与前者类同的Pirkle型不对称中心的环糊精类固定相CYCLOBONDISN;环糊精类固定相CYCLOBONDISN在正相色谱条件下,包结机理不起主要作用,其作用方式更接近"Pirkle"型手性固定相;虽然二者具有类同的Pirkle型不对称中心,但是,手性识别机理差异显著,在CYCLOBONDISN手性固定相上,对N-苄氧甲酰基-α-氨基膦酸二苯酯化合物色谱折分贡献较大的是其logP和Angle参数相应的相互作用,环糊精提供的不对称性环境对手性识别有重要影响;而SumichiralOA4700对该系列化合物的手性识别与locD和TE相应的作用力相关。     

高效液相色谱法手性分离二茂铁衍生物

建立了4个单手性和3个双手性(含有手性中心和面手性)的二茂铁衍生物在Chiralpak IC(纤维素-三(3,5-二氯苯基氨基甲酸酯))和Chiralpak IE3(直链淀粉-三(3,5-二氯苯基氨基甲酸酯))手性固定相上的高效液相色谱分离方法。4个单手性二茂铁衍生物中有3个可以在Chiralpak IE3固定相上实现基线分离,另外1个则在Chiralpak IC手性固定相上实现基线分离。3个双手性二茂铁衍生物可在Chiralpak IC手性固定相上实现基线分离。研究表明,这两种手性固定相对二茂铁衍生物具有较好的手性识别作用,并且具有互补作用。这一研究结果可为手性二茂铁化合物的分离提供借鉴和参考。     

Chiral stationary phases based on chitosan bis(4‐methylphenylcarbamate)‐(alkoxyformamide)

Highly N‐deacetylated chitosan was chosen as a natural chiral origin for the synthesis of the selectors of chiral stationary phases. Therefore, chitosan was firstly acylated by various alkyl chloroformates yielding chitosan alkoxyformamides, and then these resulting products were further derivatized with 4‐methylphenyl isocyanate to afford chitosan bis(4‐methylphenylcarbamate)‐(alkoxyformamide). A series of chiral stationary phases was prepared by coating these derivatives on 3‐aminopropyl silica gel. The content of the derivatives on the chiral stationary phases was nearly 20% by weight. The chiral stationary phases prepared from chitosan bis(4‐methylphenylcarbamate)‐(ethoxyformamide) and chitosan bis(4‐methylphenylcarbamate)‐(isopropoxyformamide) comparatively showed better enantioseparation capability than those prepared from chitosan bis(4‐methylphenylcarbamate)‐(n‐pentoxyformamide) and chitosan bis(4‐methylphenylcarbamate)‐(benzoxyformamide). The tolerance against organic solvents of the chiral stationary phase of chitosan bis(4‐methylphenylcarbamate)‐(ethoxyformamide) was investigated, and the results revealed that this phase can work in 100% ethyl acetate and 100% chloroform mobile phases. Because as‐synthesized chiral selectors did not dissolve in many common organic solvents, the corresponding chiral stationary phases can be utilized in a wider range of mobile phases in comparison with conventional coating type chiral stationary phases of cellulose and amylose derivatives.     

The degree of substitution affects the enantioselectivity of sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin chiral stationary phases

Three chiral stationary phases were prepared by dynamic coating of sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin (SBE‐β‐CD) with different degrees of substitution, onto strong anion‐exchange stationary phases. The enantioselective potential and stability of newly prepared chiral stationary phases were examined using a set of structurally different chiral analytes. Measurements were performed in RP‐HPLC. Mobile phases consisted of methanol/formic acid, pH 2.10, and methanol/10 mM ammonium acetate buffer, pH 4.00, in various volume ratios. SBE‐β‐CDs with degrees of substitution (DS) 4, 6.3, and 10 proved suitable for the enantioseparation of 14, 11, and 8 analytes, respectively. The SBE‐β‐CD DS 4 based chiral stationary phase enabled the enantioseparation of the nearly all basic and neutral compounds. Chiral stationary phases with higher sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin substitution (especially DS 10) yielded higher enantioresolution values for acidic compounds.     

温度对蛋白和β-环糊精手性固定相拆分对映体的影响

 采用三聚氯氰为活化剂分别合成了牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)、人血清白蛋白 (HSA)和 β 环糊精手性固定相 ,研究了温度在色氨酸 ,华法令 ,酮基布洛芬和丹酰化苏氨酸手性拆分中的影响。结果表明 ,在蛋白手性固定相上对映体间的熵变对色氨酸 ,华法令和酮基布洛芬的拆分有很大的影响 ,而丹酰化苏氨酸对映体在 β 环糊精手性固定相上的拆分为典型的焓控过程 ,与蛋白柱有着不同的热力学特性。由于键合方式不同 ,色氨酸在我们合成的BSA手性固定相上的最佳分离温度为 35℃左右 ,而不是文献报道的以戊二醛为活化剂的 2 4℃。     

Evaluation of silica from different vendors as the solid support of anion‐exchange chiral stationary phases by means of preferential sorption and liquid chromatography

Chromatographic performance of a chiral stationary phase is significantly influenced by the employed solid support. Properties of the most commonly used support, silica particles, such as size and size distribution, and pore size are of utmost importance for both superficially porous particles and fully porous particles. In this work, we have focused on evaluation of fully porous particles from three different vendors as solid supports for a brush‐type chiral stationary phase based on 9‐O‐tert‐butylcarbamoyl quinidine. We have prepared corresponding stationary phases under identical experimental conditions and determined the parameters of the modified silica by physisorption measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Enantiorecognition properties of the chiral stationary phases have been studied using preferential sorption experiments. The same material was slurry‐packed into chromatographic columns and the chromatographic properties have been evaluated in liquid chromatography. We show that preferential sorption can provide valuable information about the influence of the pore size and total pore volume on the interaction of analytes of different size with the chirally‐modified silica surface. The data can be used to understand differences observed in chromatographic evaluation of the chiral stationary phases. The combination of preferential sorption and liquid chromatography separation can provide detailed information on new chiral stationary phases.