水溶液中金属增强荧光的研究进展

本文综述了水溶液中金属增强荧光的研究进展,重点阐明如何通过控制荧光物质与金属纳米粒子表面的距离,实现水溶液中的金属增强荧光。荧光物质与金属纳米粒子表面的距离主要通过有机分子和无机分子Si O2层控制,只有当距离合适才能达到最大的金属增强荧光。金属增强荧光提高了荧光检测的灵敏度,扩大了荧光技术的应用范围,已广泛应用到DNA、蛋白质检测、生物标记、生物成像和免疫分析中。     

一种光功能有机纳米粒子的制备及细胞毒性评价

合成了一种具有双光子荧光探针功能的有机纳米粒子2,5,2',5'-(4'-N,N-二苯胺苯乙烯基)联苯(DPA-TSB), 并研究其细胞毒性. 利用水溶性四氮唑(WST-1)法、 乳酸脱氮酶(LDH)法和流式细胞术检测了胃癌细胞吞噬纳米粒子后的生理活性. 研究结果表明, 在纳米粒子浓度小于12 μg/mL时, 胃癌细胞仍表现出较好的生理活性, 表明该纳米粒子是一种具有较好生物安全性的光功能有机纳米粒子.     

罗丹明B硅纳米粒子探针及其在蛋白芯片检测中的应用

本工作将罗丹明B分子通过共价结合的方式成功地包裹在二氧化硅纳米粒子中,制备的纳米粒子荧光强度和罗丹明B分子相比提高了1000倍.对此硅纳米荧光粒子进一步进行了链亲和素修饰,成功制备了可特异性结合生物素修饰蛋白的纳米荧光检测探针.以反相蛋白质芯片检测为模式,研究了此探针对微量蛋白的检测性能.实验中将不同微量浓度的人IgG固定于醛基修饰玻璃片表面,并加入生物素标记的抗人IgG,结果显示在800fg～100pg含量的微量蛋白检测中此纳米荧光探针具有良好的线性关系,最小蛋白检测量可达100fg.与商品化亲和素偶联cy3荧光探针对比分析发现,本方法制备的荧光探针对蛋白的检测灵敏度可提高8倍,且具有成本低,生物修饰简单等优点.     

LDHs薄膜基纳米荧光传感器的制备及其研究进展

层状复合氢氧化物(LDHs)是一种层板金属元素和层间离子可调的无机层状材料,利用其独特的插层组装特性,基于静电、氢键、范德华力等相互作用力,功能性荧光客体分子可与LDHs纳米片复合构筑多功能荧光薄膜材料.LDHs薄膜基荧光材料用于荧光传感器,在有机挥发性气体(VOCs)、温度、压力、重要生物分子等的检测中显示了良好性能.本文总结了LDHs复合薄膜的制备方法以及近年来其在纳米荧光传感领域的进展,并对其未来发展做出了展望.     

静电纺荧光纳米纤维膜在痕量爆炸物检测中的应用

爆炸物检测作为打击爆炸恐怖主义的重要措施之一,正日益彰显出广阔的应用前景.其中,静电纺荧光纳米纤维膜在爆炸物检测领域已展现出其独特的优点,可满足爆炸物检测所需的检测速度快、检测灵敏度高等要求.本文总结了近年来静电纺荧光纳米纤维膜在爆炸物检测中的代表性成果,简要介绍了爆炸物荧光传感机理、静电纺丝技术原理、静电纺荧光纳米纤维膜的制备方法及其爆炸物检测性能的影响因素;系统、重点梳理了有机小分子体系、共轭聚合物体系、聚集诱导发光体系及其他荧光材料体系的静电纺荧光纳米纤维膜在爆炸物检测中的应用,并针对该领域尚未解决的问题和未来可能的发展方向进行了展望,可为实际爆炸物检测中静电纺荧光纳米纤维膜的设计提供指导.     

荧光纳米颗粒的化学与生物传感

荧光纳米颗粒,比如量子点、染料包被的纳米颗粒、稀土纳米颗粒等,在过去的几十年里得到广泛的研究和应用,这主要因为它们具有特殊的化学与光电子性质,比如较强的发光强度、较高的稳定性、较大的Stocks位移以及灵活的加工制作性能等.将荧光纳米颗粒引入分析化学将为荧光分析检测提供新的平台.我们立足国内的研究,重点介绍荧光纳米颗粒的化学与生物传感应用,包括对pH值、离子、有机化合物、生物小分子、核酸、蛋白、病毒、细菌等的分析检测.另外,也介绍了荧光纳米颗粒的体外、体内的成像应用.对纳米颗粒应用于分析检测的优势以及信号传导模式也进行了讨论.     

多孔纳米氧化铝薄膜上荧光分子光谱特性研究

通过两步电化学阳极氧化技术制备了孔径为40nm的多孔纳米阳极氧化铝材料(AAO),在AAO薄膜上分别填充了几种有机荧光分子使其形成高度有序的有机-无机复合体发光阵列,测定了此复合体的发射光谱．结果表明,AAO薄膜对有机分子具有较强的结合能力,其结合能力来源于物理和化学的协同作用．在AAO纳米薄膜上的有机荧光分子的最大发射波长均产生了明显的蓝移现象,初步探讨了此现象的机理．有机分子填充进入高度有序的AAO纳米孔阵列之中时,有机分子的聚集形式会发生改变并且也是高度有序的,同时由于极化作用使有机分子沿着纳米孔的轴向具有相对优势的分子取向,使有机分子在AAO纳米薄膜上形成了接近单分子层的高度有序的排列方式,增强了发光效率．     

用于铁离子检测的荧光传感材料研究进展

准确、定量检测Fe~(3+)对环境保护和人类健康具有重要意义。目前,荧光传感材料广泛应用于分子传感、气体传感、环境监测等诸多领域。为了实现环境监测领域Fe~(3+)的快速响应、高灵敏和高选择性检测,研究者大力开发了各种新型荧光传感材料,本文重点介绍了金属有机骨架(MOFs)、荧光量子点(QDs)、金属纳米簇、荧光小分子和荧光聚合物等各种新型荧光材料在Fe~(3+)检测中的应用;分析了目前荧光传感材料研究中存在的问题和局限性并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

基于贵金属纳米粒子的SERS活性基底研究进展

表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)是一种新兴的分析技术,具有很高的检测灵敏度,可以实现单分子量级的检测,并且能够提供丰富的分子结构信息。将SERS发展成为一种具有实际应用意义的分析技术,其关键是制备灵敏度高、稳定性高、重现性好、选择性高的SERS活性基底。对贵金属纳米粒子表面进行分子修饰,或者将贵金属纳米粒子与基质材料进行复合,可以组成融合贵金属纳米粒子的SERS活性并弥补其缺陷的新型SERS基底材料。本文综述了近年来基于贵金属纳米粒子常见的分子修饰和基质复合型SERS活性基底的研究进展。     

功能性CdS纳米荧光探针荧光增敏法测定人血清白蛋白

目前 ,以荧光分析法对蛋白质进行研究主要采用有机荧光探针[1～ 3 ] .与传统的有机染料 (如罗丹明 )探针相比 ,半导体纳米晶体探针的光强度要高 2 0倍 ,光稳定性要高 1 0 0倍 ,谱线宽度只是有机染料谱线宽度的 1 /3 [4 ] .将半导体纳米晶体作为探针用于测定生物分子 ,将大大提高分析的灵敏度和选择性 ,而目前其应用于生物染色、医疗诊断、DNA序列测定和免疫分析等方面的研究很少 [4 ,5] .本文合成了胶态纳米粒子 Cd S,并在其外表面修饰一层巯基乙酸 ,使其具有水溶性 ,并能与生物分子作用 ,从而可利用其外表面的功能性基团对人血清白蛋白进…     

Polymer-assisted nanoparticulate contrast-enhancing materials

The application of nanotechnology in medicine research has significant potential in modern biomedical research,disease diagnosis and therapy.Organic fluorophore-based detection techniques have been widely used as imaging and signal transduction tools for the detection of trace levels of analytes.The photosensitivity of the fluorophores,however,limits their application in such complex environments as living bio-systems where degradation or photobleaching occurs.Inorganic nanoparticles have unique and stable ...     

刺激响应型生物医用聚合物纳米粒子研究进展

近十几年来, 纳米科学的发展极大地推动了纳米材料在生物医用领域的应用. 聚合物纳米粒子由于其独特的性能在药物传递、医学成像等医用领域备受关注. 其中, 刺激响应型聚合物纳米粒子是一类可以在外界信号刺激下(包括pH、温度、磁场、光等)发生结构、形状、性能改变的纳米粒子. 利用这种刺激响应性可调节纳米粒子的某种宏观行为, 故而刺激响应型聚合物纳米粒子也被称为智能纳米粒子. 因为其特有的“智能性”, 刺激响应型聚合物纳米粒子的研究已成为当前生物材料领域的研究热点. 本文综述了几类重要的生物医用刺激响应型聚合物纳米粒子, 侧重介绍双重及多重刺激响应型聚合物纳米粒子的制备及其生物医学应用.     

Ultrasensitive detection and molecular imaging with magnetic nanoparticles

Recent advances in nanotechnology have produced a variety of nanoparticles ranging from semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), metallic nanoparticles, to polymeric nanoparticles. Their unique electronic, magnetic, and optical properties have enabled a broad spectrum of biomedical applications such as ultrasensitive detection, medical imaging, and specific therapeutics. MNPs made from iron oxide, in particular, have attracted extensive interest and have already been used in clinical studies owing to their capability of deep-tissue imaging, non-immunogenesis, and low toxicity. In this Research Highlight article, we attempt to highlight the recent breakthroughs in MNP synthesis based on a non-hydrolytic approach, nanoparticle (NP) surface engineering, their unique structural and magnetic properties, and current applications in ultrasensitive detection and imaging with a special focus on innovative bioassays. We will also discuss our perspectives on future research directions.     

A new class of silica cross-linked micellar core-shell nanoparticles

Micellar nanoparticles made of surfactants and polymers have attracted wide attention in the materials and biomedical community for controlled drug delivery, molecular imaging, and sensing; however, their long-term stability remains a topic of intense study. Here we report a new class of robust, ultrafine silica core-shell nanoparticles formed from silica cross-linked, individual block copolymer micelles. Compared with pure polymeric micelles, the main advantage of the new core-shell nanoparticles is that they have significantly improved stability and do not break down during dilution. We also studied the drug loading and release properties of the silica cross-linked micellar particles, and we found that the new core-shell nanoparticles have a slower release rate which allows the entrapped molecules to be slowly released over a much longer period of time under the same experimental conditions. A range of functional groups can be easily incorporated through co-condensation with the silica matrix. The potential to deliver hydrophobic agents into cancer cells has been demonstrated. Because of their unique structures and properties, these novel core-shell nanoparticles could potentially provide a new nanomedicine platform for imaging, detection, and treatment, as well as novel colloidal particles and building blocks for mutlifunctional materials.     

Long-term tracking of cells using inorganic nanoparticles as contrast agents: are we there yet?

The use of inorganic nanoparticles as probes to label and track cells in vivo is already a reality. While superparamagnetic nanoparticles have been the subject of clinical studies involving magnetic resonance imaging, quantum dots and gold nanoparticles are starting to be explored for similar goals in pre-clinical studies involving fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. Although exciting results have been obtained from in vivo investigations, there appears to be a general lack of understanding on the effects of physicochemical properties on the labelling efficiency and toxicity of those nanoparticles, as well as on their stability in the intracellular microenvironment; essential requirements for using them as probes for cellular tracking. In this tutorial review, we look at what the current literature can teach us in respect to cell interactions with these nanoparticles, with the perspective of using them as probes for cell labelling. We also examine the findings obtained in pre-clinical studies that expose potential misinterpretation that can occur when using inorganic nanoparticles for in vivo imaging.     

Intrinsic therapeutic applications of noble metal nanoparticles: past, present and future

Biomedical nanotechnology is an evolving field having enormous potential to positively impact the health care system. Important biomedical applications of nanotechnology that may have potential clinical applications include targeted drug delivery, detection/diagnosis and imaging. Basic understanding of how nanomaterials, the building blocks of nanotechnology, interact with the cells and their biological consequences are beginning to evolve. Noble metal nanoparticles such as gold, silver and platinum are particularly interesting due to their size and shape dependent unique optoelectronic properties. These noble metal nanoparticles, particularly of gold, have elicited a lot of interest for important biomedical applications because of their ease of synthesis, characterization and surface functionalization. Furthermore, recent investigations are demonstrating another promising application of these nanomaterials as self-therapeutics. To realize the potential promise of these unique inorganic nanomaterials for future clinical translation, it is of utmost importance to understand a few critical parameters; (i) how these nanomaterials interact with the cells at the molecular level; (ii) how their biodistribution and pharmacokinetics influenced by their surface and routes of administration; (iii) mechanism of their detoxification and clearance and (iv) their therapeutic efficacy in appropriate disease model. Thus in this critical review, we will discuss the various clinical applications of gold, silver and platinum nanoparticles with relevance to above parameters. We will also mention various routes of synthesis of these noble metal nanoparticles. However, before we discuss present research, we will also look into the past. We need to understand the discoveries made before us in order to further our knowledge and technological development (318 references).     

表面等离激元金属纳米粒子的多元化结构及应用

目前, 单一的金属纳米粒子结构已经难以满足多学科交叉发展的需求. 因此, 将多种金属纳米粒子(如不同尺寸、 形状、 组分等)集成在同一基底表面, 能够充分发挥不同金属纳米粒子的性质和优势, 极具研究价值和应用价值. 本文介绍了多元化表面等离激元纳米粒子结构的构筑方法, 以及其在信息编码、 光电器件、 能源催化等领域的应用. 最后, 提出了当前在多元化结构制备中存在的挑战, 并展望了利用多元化结构实现性能提升的前景.     

聚苯胺/贵金属复合纳米材料的可控合成及催化应用

导电高分子/贵金属复合纳米材料因其在催化、传感、表面增强拉曼、光热治疗等诸多领域的应用前景而受到广泛关注.本文主要介绍我们课题组近年来利用可控合成策略制备的负载型和包埋型两种结构聚苯胺/贵金属复合纳米材料,以及利用复合纳米材料的结构和功能特性,对其在多相催化领域的应用、结构与催化性能之间构效关系的探索.     

Pharmacological Role of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles in Disease Applications

Gold has always been regarded as a symbol of nobility, and its shiny golden appearance has always attracted the attention of many people. Gold has good ductility, molecular recognition properties, and good biocompatibility. At present, gold is being used in many fields. When gold particles are as small as several nanometers, their physical and chemical properties vary with their size in nanometers. The surface area of a nano-sized gold surface has a special effect. Therefore, gold nanoparticles can, directly and indirectly, give rise to different biological activities. For example, if the surface of the gold is sulfided. Various substances have a strong chemical reactivity and are easy to combine with sulfhydryl groups; hence, nanogold is often used in biomedical testing, disease diagnosis, and gene detection. Nanogold is easy to bind to proteins, such as antibodies, enzymes, or cytokines. In fact, scientists use nanogold to bind special antibodies, as a tool for targeting cancer cells. Gold nanoparticles are also directly cytotoxic to cancer cells. For diseases caused by inflammation and oxidative damage, gold nanoparticles also have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Based on these unique properties, gold nanoparticles have become the most widely studied metal nanomaterials. Many recent studies have further demonstrated that gold nanoparticles are beneficial for humans, due to their functional pharmacological properties in a variety of diseases. The content of this review will be the application of gold nanoparticles in treating or diagnosing pressing diseases, such as cancers, retinopathy, neurological diseases, skin disorders, bowel diseases, bone cartilage disorders, cardiovascular diseases, infections, and metabolic syndrome. Gold nanoparticles have shown very obvious therapeutic and application potential.