频谱分析型激光多普勒测速仪信号处理技术

为了提高激光多普勒测速仪的测量精度,提出对激光多普勒信号先进行跟踪滤波,再进行频谱细化和频谱校正的信号处理方法,并利用信号处理系统对实测的多普勒信号进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:跟踪滤波器在滤除基底信号及系统的部分噪声的基础上,实时跟踪多普勒信号的频率,信噪比明显提高,所得结果与多普勒频率的真实值相一致;频谱细化技术大大提高了频谱分辨力,频谱校正技术使校正后的频率更接近真实值。     

基于变步长自适应滤波器在激光多普勒测量中的去噪研究

提出了一种自适应滤波算法应用于激光多普勒测量中的去噪方法,根据变步长自适应滤波算法的步长调整原则,分析了变步长最小均方算法的步长与误差关系曲线特点.研究表明,通过变步长自适应滤算法可有效地消除激光多普勒测量中由于声光调制、电光调制等引入的多频率噪音干扰.该算法简单、收敛性能强,仿真验证了该算法的优越性.     

基于新陈代谢双时序模型的激光多普勒测速仪漂移数据滤波

为了有效抑制激光多普勒测速仪输出数据的随机漂移,提高其测量精度,在传统时序模型的基础上采用新陈代谢双时序模型进行激光多普勒测速仪漂移数据滤波.该模型由两级新陈代谢时序模型级联而成,每一级新陈代谢时序模型均依次对13个数据点时序建模.依据此模型分别对激光多普勒测速仪静态及动态漂移数据进行建模和滤波.利用方差分析法及Allan方差法对滤波前后的测速仪静态漂移数据进行分析并利用频谱分析法对比了滤波前后的测速仪动态漂移数据.结果表明:新陈代谢双时序模型将静态漂移数据标准差减小为原始数据的44%,将角度随机游走降为原始数据的41%;该方法不仅能实时降低激光多普勒测速仪的静态随机漂移误差,而且能够实时有效抑制其动态输出噪声.     

互补型自适应滤波器在心磁信号处理中的应用

将心磁信号从干扰噪声中加以提取并有效地消除噪声干扰是心磁信号处理中尤为重要的环节 .从改进算法的角度出发，提出互补型自适应滤波器结构以实现心磁信号的消噪处理.该滤波器针对心磁这类非平稳信号进行设计，有效地解决了常规自适应滤波器应用于心磁信号处理时收敛速度和稳态误差的矛盾.通过仿真实验和心磁实验结果表明，该算法能有效地消除心磁信号的背景噪声和工频干扰噪声.同时该算法也可用于其他非平稳信号的消噪处理. 关键词： 自适应滤波 心磁图 最小均方误差     

基于TMS320VC5402的激光多普勒测速系统

介绍了激光多普勒测量技术的原理和差动后向散射测量方式以及数字信号处理式激光多普勒测速仪的设计方案.其中包括基于TMS320VC5402的多普勒信号采集卡硬件电路和软件设计.运用该测速仪对固体表面运动速度进行测量.对采集到的多普勒信号进行高通滤波处理,以提高信噪比,运用傅里叶变换处理数据,计算出运动目标的速度并与实际速度进行了比较.结果表明该系统用于固体表面速度的测量切实可行,精度可达到2%.     

基于Labview的激光多普勒测速仪的频谱校正

在激光多普勒测速仪中,为了减小由信号处理算法带来的测量误差,提出运用频谱校正算法对多普勒信号的频谱进行校正,详细阐述了能量重心法、比值法和相位差法3种离散频谱校正算法的基本原理,运用这3种算法对理想正弦信号进行仿真,并运用比值法对信号施加不同频率和信噪比的噪音下的正弦信号和实测的多普勒信号进行仿真及实验研究。结果表明:3种算法都可以使信号的频率更接近于真实值,其中能量重心法校正精度相对较低,比值法和相位差法精度较高,尤其是比值校正算法处理速度更快,校正的精度基本不受信噪比的影响。将比值法运用于激光多普勒测速系统,与光接收计数法测量结果进行比较,结果显示:校正后比较正前激光多普勒测速仪测量相对精度提高了2～3倍。     

全反射棱镜式激光陀螺自适应稳频技术EI北大核心CSCD

针对全反射棱镜式激光陀螺在稳频过程中相敏信号易受噪声干扰的现象,研究了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺自适应稳频技术。理论分析了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺的稳频特性,结合自适应噪声对消原理,建立了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺自适应稳频系统的数学模型。通过硬件电路设计,搭建了基于递归最小二乘算法的自适应稳频控制系统。分别对原有稳频技术与自适应稳频技术进行了实验测试,实验结果表明,自适应稳频能有效消除噪声对相敏信号的干扰,稳频精度提高了近一个数量级,陀螺精度相应提高了60%以上。此分析结果为提高全反射棱镜式激光陀螺的性能提供了重要参考。     

全反射棱镜式激光陀螺自适应稳频技术

针对全反射棱镜式激光陀螺在稳频过程中相敏信号易受噪声干扰的现象,研究了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺自适应稳频技术。理论分析了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺的稳频特性,结合自适应噪声对消原理,建立了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺自适应稳频系统的数学模型。通过硬件电路设计,搭建了基于递归最小二乘算法的自适应稳频控制系统。分别对原有稳频技术与自适应稳频技术进行了实验测试,实验结果表明,自适应稳频能有效消除噪声对相敏信号的干扰,稳频精度提高了近一个数量级,陀螺精度相应提高了60%以上。此分析结果为提高全反射棱镜式激光陀螺的性能提供了重要参考。     

共焦元件测量系统数据处理中的高斯滤波算法

为进一步提高共焦元件参数测量系统的定焦精度,提出了运用高斯滤波算法对由共焦系统采集的光斑图像和共焦轴向强度响应信号进行滤波处理,以降低系统光学噪声对测量光斑图像的影响,削弱外界环境扰动等因素对共焦轴向强度响应信号的干扰。经理论分析和实验验证,在对测量光斑图像和共焦轴向强度响应信号进行高斯滤波算法处理后,可有效地抑制图像噪声,降低高次谐波干扰,进而提高系统的定焦精度。     

射频SQUID心磁图数据自适应滤波研究

研究了滤除50Hz工频干扰的几种自适应算法，并应用于射频超导量子干涉仪（SQUID）心 磁图仪采集的心磁数据50Hz滤波中.对算法的性能进行了计算机仿真比较.结果表明，带50 Hz干扰的SQUID心磁信号通过自适应噪声对消法，干扰得到了很好的抑制. 关键词： SQUID 心磁图 自适应滤波 噪声消除     

Laser Doppler velocimeter using a single longitudinal mode solid-state laser source

An experimental demonstration of using a single longitudinal mode solid-state laser source in laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) is presented. The technology of frequency spectrum correction is used in processing Doppler signal. The results of the experiments show that: the magnitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Doppler signal are both enhanced by the solid-state laser; the measurement accuracy of LDV is improved by the technology of frequency spectrum correction, and the variance of the measured Doppler frequency is larger than the Cramer-Rao low bound (CRLB) of Doppler frequency about one order of magnitude.     

Research on laser Doppler velocimeter for vehicle self-contained inertial navigation system

An idea of using laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) to measure the velocity for the vehicle inertial navigation system was put forward. The principle of measuring its own velocity with laser Doppler technique was elaborated and reference-beam LDV was designed. Then Doppler signal was processed by tracking filter, frequency spectrum refinement and frequency spectrum correction algorithm. The result of theory and experiment showed that the reference-beam LDV solved the problem that dual-beam LDV cannot be used for measuring when the system was out of focus. Doppler signal was tracked so that signal-to-noise ratio was improved, and the accuracy of the system was enhanced by the technology of frequency spectrum refinement and correction. The measurement mean error was less than 1.5% in velocity range of 0-30 m/s.     

Signal processing of double-beam and double-scattering laser Doppler velocimeter

The common method of laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) signal processing is fast Fourier transform (FFT). Because of the restraint of spectral interference, fence effect and spectrum leakage, the precision of FFT is not high. In order to improve the accuracy of double-beam and double-scattering laser Doppler velocimeter signal processing, an algorithm based on spectral refinement and interpolation is put forward. First, high-pass filter is adopted to remove the baseplate of LDV signal. Second, FFT is adopted to get the estimate of Doppler frequency and then Zoom-FFT is used to refine the local range of Doppler frequency. Third, four-term fifth derivative Nuttall windowed interpolation is used to correct the refined spectrum. Then the accurate estimate of Doppler frequency can be obtained. Simulations and experiments based on the LDV system built in laboratory show that Zoom-FFT can improve the resolution of spectrum and four-term fifth derivative Nuttall windowed interpolation can further increase the precision of signal processing.     

激光多普勒测量中信号的误差分析

激光多普勒测量技术在流体以及固体表面测量中得到了广泛的运用。由于影响测量的误差源较多 ,因而在实际的测量过程中 ,激光多普勒测量的精度并不是非常的高。影响测量精度的误差主要是激光多普勒频率增宽 ,高斯光束的干涉以及安装误差。通过控制不同的系统参数 ,可以消除或减小相应的误差     

Solid state and fibre optic laser doppler velocimeters

Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) has become established as an important technique for the measurement of velocities of macroscopic objects and fluids: the dynamic range is large (～10^-6-10⁵ ms^-1) and the measurement is absolute and non-invasive. However, the size and cost of LDV has restricted its use in some areas. This paper presents two separate approaches to reduce these problems: we describe a compact LDV system incorporating a solid state laser diode and also an investigation of the feasibility of a fibre optic LDV system in which the conventional optical components are replaced by fibre optics.The experimental arrangement used for the solid state LDV system was of the Doppler difference type; i.e. a system of parallel interference fringes is focused in the measurement volume, so that a particle passing through this volume produces a scattered light signal which is intensity modulated. In its simplest form, the technique cannot determine the direction of motion of the particle, but this difficulty may be overcome by causing the fringes to ‘move’ within the measurement volume with known velocity. In the present experiments, the laser output frequency was modulated by modulating its drive current; since the path lengths of the two beams interfering in the measurement volume were unequal, fringe motion was achieved.The fibre optic LDV experiment was also of the Doppler difference type, and it was demonstrated that the necessary stabilised interference fringe system could be projected using a fibre optic system. An electronic servo was devised to compensate for the random differential thermal drifts in the fibres which would otherwise have produced unacceptable drifts in the fringe pattern.     

参考光束型激光多普勒测速仪的误差分析

阐述了参考光束型激光多普勒测速仪的基本原理,从理论上分析了原理公式近似、高斯光束干涉、激光线宽、探测器孔径、有限渡越时间、信号处理算法、空气折射率变化及角度测量等诸多因素对激光多普勒测速仪测量结果造成的误差,研究并给出了每一种影响因素所引起误差的理论公式,在每一种影响因素中具体讨论了各种光学参数对测量误差的影响并对部分参数进行实验研究。理论分析和实验表明:在实验中需要选择线宽较窄的激光器及孔径较小的光电探测器,而在选择光束光斑半径和信号光中心光线的方向与粒子运动方向的夹角时,既要考虑激光的质量和多普勒信号的强度,同时也需要考虑原理公式近似、探测器孔径的尺寸、有限渡越时间及高斯光束干涉等多种因素对测量结果的影响。     

激光多普勒超低速测量

报道激光多普勒超低速测量系统及实验结果，其光学系统为四光路双焦点外差多普勒测速系统，信号处理系统为动态模拟相位计，可测速度范围为１ｎｍ／ｓ到３００ｍｍ／ｓ。     

Laser Doppler vibrometer for real-time speech-signal acquirement

Laser Doppler vibrometer （LDV） has a potential application prospect in remote sensing. Based on the correlation theories of heterodyne detection, a LDV system with a configuration of all fiber and heterodyne techniques is developed to detect the sound signal through the vibration of glass. Experimental results show that the LDV system has an ability to acquire the real-time speech signal 25 m away through glass. While, the system signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） value decreases with the increase of the glass thickness and the detection distance.     

扩频原理在聚合物光纤性能测量中的应用

提出了一种将扩频通信原理用于聚合物光纤性能测量的新方法,使用伪随机序列对注入测量系统的光信号进行调制,实现输入光信号的扩展频带,输出光信号经光电转换后,用伪随机序列对信号进行解扩处理,根据扩频原理,解扩后的信号的信噪比会有较大提高.对测量系统的性能进行了仿真分析并与实验结果进行了比较,结果表明该方法可以精确地测量信噪比低于-20 dB的有用信号波形.     

高空遥测激光多普勒检波系统研究

为解决远距离处人工地震波的检测问题,研究了光源的相干性,系统的稳定性．激光多普勒信号强度、信噪比,位移测量灵敏度和精度等理论及方法。采用在腔内捕人两个直径为1．8mm的可变光阑和输出光的准直结构(4倍)．增大光源的相干长度和可测距离;在两路光中分别加入声光调制器和λ/4波片．实现偏振态匹配并使系统工作更稳定,提高信噪比;采用透镜聚焦接收．增大信号强度;采用特伦逆向反射装置,消除它在位移或振动过程巾因偏摆或横移所带来的影响,使测量灵敏度和精度提高约一倍。将此系统用于2m处的振动进行原理性实验,其振幅测量相对误差为0．1％,可测频率最高为750Hz,因此可用于高空遥测人工地震波。