波长选择性平行耦合微环谐振四端口光路由（英文）

利用四个平行耦合单环谐振器作为基本路由单元,数值模拟了一种可路由三种信道波长的四端口光路由器.为了实现单模传输、低传输损耗以及微环波导和信道波导的相位匹配,优化了基本路由单元的结构参量.给出了路由器的器件架构和设计方法,计算了链路光谱、插入损耗、串扰等路由特性.在选定的三个信道波长(1 550、1 551.6、1 553.2nm)下,器件沿不同路径的插入损耗范围为0.02~0.6dB,器件串扰的范围为-23.41~-37.71dB.与具有相同波导参量的基于交叉耦合双环谐振器的四端口光路由器相比,该四端口光路由器在串扰和波长选择性方面略显不足,但其使用的微环数量由8个降低为4个,插入损耗由1.62dB降低为0.02dB.     

超紧凑聚合物五端口光路由器的分析模拟

构建了一种五端口聚合物光路由器,由于四种不同半径的交叉耦合双环谐振器的谐振作用,该器件可完成二维平面内对四个信道波长的定点路由功能。由于聚合物材料和左右覆层材料具有较大的折射率差,四种微环的半径可小至14μm,波导模式振幅弯曲损耗小于10-4 dB/cm。当不同信道波长沿不同端口输入时,得到了波长与路由链路的关系。计算结果表明,各信道波长沿各路由链路的插入损耗为0.03~0.62dB,各路由链路on端口和其他off端口的最大串扰小于-39dB,器件的尺寸约为626μm×495μm。与已报道的硅光路由器相比,该聚合物器件具有相似的微环半径和封装尺寸,且由于零静态功耗、低串扰、低损耗和处理工艺简单、价格低廉等优势,该器件在光片上网络中具有潜在的应用价值。     

聚合物微环电光开关的模拟和优化

利用耦合模理论、电光调制理论和微环谐振理论,提出一个完善合理的聚合物微环电光开关的器件模型,并给出了可用以分析微环谐振过程的光强传递函数,据此在谐振波长1 550 nm下对该器件进行了模拟和优化.结果表明：微环波导芯截面尺寸为1.8×1.8 μm2,波导芯与电极间的限制层厚度为1.1 μm,电极厚度为0.15 μm,微环半径为15.2 μm,微环与信道间的耦合间距为0.16 μm,光绕微环转300 圈即可形成稳定的谐振状态,此时的谐振时间约为147.4 ps.不加电压时,下信道的插入损耗约为0.8 dB,上信道的串扰约为－26 dB;当取工作电压等于19.7 V为开关电压时,上信道的插入损耗约为0.34 dB,下信道的串扰约为－20 dB.     

聚合物微环谐振器电光开关阵列的优化与模拟

利用耦合模理论、电光调制理论和微环谐振理论,提出了一个聚合物微环谐振器电光开关阵列的模型.该器件由N-1个微环和N条平行信道构成,在微环上施加不同方式的驱动电压,可以实现N条信道的开关功能.以7微环8信道结构为例,在1550 nm谐振波长下对该器件进行了优化和模拟.结果表明,微环波导芯的截面尺寸为1.7μm×1.7μm,波导芯与电极间的缓冲层厚度为2.5 μm,电极厚度为0.2μm,微环半径为13.76 μm,微环与信道间的耦合间距为0.14μm,输出光谱的3 dB带宽约为0.05 nm,开关电压约为8.1 V左右,插入损耗约为0.23～4.6 dB,串扰小于-20 dB.     

一种带有U形波导的交叉信道单微环电光开关

本文利用耦合模理论,电光调制理论和传输矩阵法,提出了一个带有U形波导的交叉信道单微环电光开关的器件模型,并在谐振波长为1561 nm的情况下对该器件进行了仿真计算.结果表明,该电光开关的开关电压约为400 V,串扰小于-30 dB,插入损耗小于4 dB,开关时间仅为5.4 ps,其中微环上的上升和下降时间仅为0.32 ps.此外,该电光开关由单刀双掷开关控制,通过在微环和U形波导上加载驱动电压可实现三种开关状态,不仅可以实现光信号在两条输出信道的选择,还可以使两条信道同时有光信号输出.     

聚合物微环谐振波分复用器传输特性的理论分析

根据耦合模理论,给出了1×N信道微环谐振波分复用器(MRRWM)的光强传递函数通用公式,并分析了微环谐振波分复用器的传输特性。利用参量优化结果,在中心工作波长约为 1.55μm、波长间隔约 5.6 nm的情况下,对1×8信道硅基聚合物微环谐振波分复用器进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,该器件具有以下优良的性能:分波光谱准确,自由光谱区约为18 nm,对于半径10μm以上的微环弯曲损耗很小,且器件的插入损耗主要由波导的传输损耗决定,振幅耦合比率为0.2时对应的每条竖直输出信道的插入损耗在0.57 dB以下,信道间的串扰小于-18.5 dB,输出谐振峰3 dB带宽可达0.25 nm,最小背景光的强度约为3.8×10-4。     

1×N信道聚合物微环谐振器电光开关阵列的开关特性

利用耦合模理论、电光调制理论和微环谐振理论,提出了一个完善合理的聚合物微环谐振器电光开关阵列模型.该器件由1条水平信道、N条竖直信道和N个微环构成,在微环上施加不同方式的驱动电压,可以实现N+1条信道的开关功能.以1×8信道结构为例,在1 550 nm谐振波长下对该器件进行了优化设计和模拟分析.其结果是:微环波导芯的截面尺寸为1.7×1.7 μm2,波导芯与电极间的缓冲层厚度为2.5 μm,电极厚度为0.2 μm,微环半径为13.76 μm,微环与信道间的耦合间距为0.14 μm,输出光谱的3 dB带宽约为0.05 nm,开关电压约为12.6 V,插入损耗约为0.67～1.26 dB,串扰小于-20 dB,开关时间约为11.35 ps.     

基于绝缘硅的微环谐振可调谐滤波器

采用电子束光刻和感应耦合等离子刻蚀等工艺,研制了一种基于绝缘硅材料的的微环谐振可调谐滤波器.滤波器微环半径为5 μm左右,波导截面尺寸为(350～500 nm)×220 nm不等.测试结果表明,波导宽度为450 nm时器件性能最为理想,其自由频谱宽度为16.8 nm,1.55 μm波长附近的消光比为22.1 dB.通过对微环滤波器进行热光调制,在21.4 ℃～60 ℃温度范围内实现了4.8 nm波长范围的可调谐滤波特性,热光调谐效率达到0.12 nm/℃.研究了基于单环和双环的多通道上下载滤波器,实验结果表明多通道滤波器的信号传输存在串扰,主要是不同信道之间的串扰,尤其在信号上载时,会在相邻信道产生较大串扰.     

低串扰聚合物交叉耦合串联五环谐振电光开关(英文)

利用两组串联五环谐振器以及它们与两信道波导的交叉耦合作用,优化设计并模拟了一种超低串扰2×2新型聚合物电光开关.为了表征器件的输出光功率特性,给出了器件结构、分析理论和相关公式.为了在下行端口(drop端口)得到箱型光谱响应以及极低的串扰和插入损耗,优化了微环谐振级数和耦合间距.对器件输出光功率和输出光谱的模拟分析结果显示,器件交叉和直通态间的切换电压为4V,交叉和直通态下两端口间的串扰分别为-66dB和-54.7dB,插入损耗分别为2.34dB和0.24dB.在1GHz方波信号作用下,器件drop端口的上升和下降时间分别为15ps和90ps.由于聚合物微环的弯曲半径仅为19.45μm,因此该器件具有超紧凑的尺寸,其长度和宽度仅为0.407mm,约为马赫-曾德尔干涉仪或者定向耦合器等一般结构聚合物电光开关长度的1/10.依赖于小的封装尺寸和极低的串扰,该器件可以高密度地集成在光电子芯片上,在光片上网络中光信号的控制方面具有潜在的应用.     

聚合物定向耦合电光开关的模拟和优化

阐述了定向耦合电光开关的基本结构及工作原理,利用耦合模理论和电光调制理论,在1 550 nm波长下,对器件的结构参量进行了优化,并对其传输光谱、开关电压、插入损耗、串扰等特性进行了分析.模拟过程中,考虑了因金属电极和聚合物材料引起的模式损耗.器件的结构参量优化值为：波导芯截面尺寸为1.7×1.7 μm2,波导芯与电极间的限制层厚度为1.5 μm、电极厚度为0.15 μm,波导间的耦合间距为2.0 μm,相应的耦合长度为2 926 μm.模拟结果表明,本文所设计的器件在开关转换电压0和17.4 V下,在1 534到1 565 nm的波长范围内,器件的插入损耗小于0.16 dB,串扰小于－20 dB,耦合区在2 734~3 120 μm范围内,器件的插入损耗小于0.22 dB,串扰小于－20 dB.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.