基于原子核密度的核电荷半径新关系

从核质量出发系统地研究核电荷半径,进而得到核电荷半径的计算值和预言值.运用AME2020数据库结合CR2013数据库得到已知质量且已知半径的原子核(Z,N≥8) 884个,计算得到884个原子核密度.研究原子核密度得到常参数经验公式,利用此经验公式结合AME2020数据库得到核电荷半径的计算值与实验值之间的均方根误差σ=0.093 fm.考虑到中子数对原子核密度的影响,添加了中子因子1/N进行修正,均方根误差减少为0.047 fm.再添加中子壳层效应进行修正,均方根误差减小至0.034 fm.基于修正后的经验公式结合AME2020数据库得到Z,N≥8的1573个核电荷半径预言值,其中一些预言值与近些年测得实验值的对比结果说明利用此关系得到的预言值具有一定的意义.此外,剔除一些特殊的壳层后,剩余791个核电荷半径常参数经验公式计算值的均方根误差为σ=0.063 fm,修正后降至σ=0.032 fm.研究结果表明本文提出的核电荷半径关系具有一定的简便性和可靠性,可以与A^1/3律和Z^1/3律修正后的全局核电荷半径关系相媲美.最后,本文又引入Leve...     

原子核电荷半径的研究

结合已有的原子核半径的实验数据,对先前的核电荷半径公式进行验证和探讨.比较单参数核电荷半径公式,验证了Z~(1/3)律公式要优于A~(1/3)律公式.对两参数公式和三参数公式进行验证,得到两参数和三参数公式要优于单参数公式.考虑到原子核电四极矩与形变的关系,在原有的三参数公式中加入电四极矩因子项,得出核电荷半径新公式.拟合该公式发现核电荷半径理论值与实验值符合较好.再考虑总自旋与电四极矩的关系,求出内禀电四极矩,代入公式中进行拟合,均方根偏差进一步下降.最后加入能反映奇偶摆动现象的δ项,用公式得到的均方根偏差为0.369 fm,较好地反映出了形变与核电荷半径的关系.     

14MeV中子(n,T)与(n,3He)反应截面的系统学研究

本文研究14MeV中子(n,T)和(n,³He)反应截面的系统学特性。在考虑奇偶效应的基础上,给出了截面的系统学公式,σ_u,q=(A^1/3+1)²aexp[β(N-Z+δ)/A]。用最小二乘法拟合得到奇偶核的经验参数对(n,T)反应,α,β分别为327.602,9.592和-24.495,-14.038。对(n,³He)反应,α,β分别为0.918和-11.340。利用这套参数计算的截面与实验值符合较好。此外,文中还讨论了反应的Ω值效应以及可能的反应机制。 关键词：     

理论研究OH+离子电子态光谱及跃迁性质

采用高精度的内收缩多参考组态相互作用方法（icMRCI）计算OH⁺离子基态和低激发态的势能曲线和A³П-X³Σ^-跃迁体系的跃迁偶极矩。计算过程中考虑了能量的Davidson修正（+Q）效应和标量相对论修正。根据势能曲线,通过求解核的一维Schrödinger方程得到OH⁺的光谱参数。通过计算A³П-X³Σ^-体系的跃迁偶极矩研究这一跃迁体系的Einstein系数、F-C因子。研究了A³П（ν'=0~6）态的跃迁辐射寿命,结果显示其数量级为10^-6 s。     

基于同位素链核电荷半径的新关系

系统研究了2013年发表的核电荷半径数据库中的实验值,基于这个数据库中大量的同位素链核电核半径实验值,对相邻3个同位素核电荷半径之间的关系进行分析,进而得到一个新的核电荷半径关系:一个原子核的电荷半径等于其左右相邻的两个同位素核电荷半径之和的一半.运用该关系对质量数A?20(质子数Z?10和中子数N?10)的核电荷半径进行拟合,结果发现核电荷半径的理论值与实验值符合得较好,均方根偏差(RMSD)仅为0.00471 fm;对质量数A?54的核电荷半径进行拟合时,得到理论值和实验值的RMSD仅为0.00337 fm.同时还添加了奇偶摆动修正来提高核电荷半径的精确度.此外,利用这个新的核电荷关系,结合1999年和2004年发表的数据库对一些核电荷半径进行预言,得到核电荷半径的预言值与2013年发表的数据库中的实验值符合得较好;基于CR2013数据库得到的预言值与近几年新测得的核电荷半径的实验值也较接近.研究结果表明新的核电荷半径关系对电荷半径的描述和预言具有一定的精确性和可靠性.     

GeO分子激发态的电子结构和跃迁性质的组态相互作用方法研究

应用多参考组态相互作用方法计算了GeO分子的第一解离极限(Ge(³P_g)+O(³P_g))对应的18个Λ-S电子态的电子结构. 计算中纳入了Ge原子的3d轨道电子的内壳层-价壳层电子关联效应、标量相对论效应和Davidson修正. 基于计算的电子态的电子结构, 通过求解径向Schrödinger方程获得了束缚电子态的光谱常数R_e, T_e, ω_e, ω_eχ_e, B_e, 理论计算给出的这些电子态的光谱常数与之前的实验结果符合得很好. 计算了电子态的电偶极矩随核间距的变化, 分析了电子态的组态成分的变化对电偶极矩的影响. 计算的势能曲线表明, 激发态A¹Π, 1¹Σ^-, D¹Δ, a³Π, a’³Σ⁺, d³Δ 和 e³Σ^-的绝热激发能密集地分布于26000-37000 cm^-1范围内, 这些密集分布的电子态之间的相互作用对振动波函数有明显扰动作用. 借助于激发态之间的自旋-轨道耦合矩阵元, 阐明了邻近的激发态对A¹Π和a³Π的扰动作用. 基于计算的A¹Π-X¹Σ⁺和A’¹Σ⁺-X¹Σ⁺跃迁的电偶极跃迁矩和Franck-Condon 因子, 给出了A¹Π 和A’¹Σ⁺态的最低的六个振动能级的辐射寿命.     

原子核电荷半径的新公式

结合原子核的电荷半径的实验数据,详细分析了描述原子核电荷半径的经验公式,表明电荷半径的Z^1/3律优于A^1/3律.更细致的考察发现,对于远离β稳定线的核素,电荷半径具有近似线性的同位旋相关性.由此得到的同位旋相关的Z^1/3公式更适合描述原子核的电荷半径.     

核半径的弥散效应和形变效应

本文采用Yukawa折迭型密度分布函数, 在计及椭球形变和四面对称体形变的情况下给出了核电荷半径的计算公式. 对55种元素148个核素所作的计算表明, 计算值与实验值之间的总体偏差为0.034fm, 与参数较多的小液滴模型结果相近; 且可克服Z^1/3律在解释某些跨过大壳的同位素系列核半径变化时所遇到的困难. 本文还通过分析不同核素之间核表面宽度的涨落与中子壳层结构的关系, 解释了同位素核半径的精细结构.     

SiCl自由基X2Π和A2Σ+态的光谱性质

采用内收缩多参考组态相互作用(ic MRCI)方法结合Dunning等相关一致基,计算Si Cl自由基X²Π和A²Σ⁺态的势能曲线.讨论参考能和相关能外推对X²Π和A²Σ⁺态光谱的影响.对势能进行相对论修正及核价修正计算.拟合势能曲线得到X²Π和A²Σ⁺态的光谱常数.它们与实验结果一致.利用Breit-Pauli算符,计算旋轨耦合效应,得到X²Π_1/2和X²Π_3/2的势能曲线、并计算它们的光谱常数.求解双原子分子核运动的径向SchrÖdinger方程,获得无转动SiCl自由基2个Λ-S态及X²Π态的耦合分裂态的全部振动态.得到J=0时X²Π态的自旋-轨道耦合常数、较高振动态的惯性转动常数以及X²Π_1/2和X²Π_3/2的振动能级等分子常数.     

理论研究B2分子X3Σg-和A3Πu态的光谱性质

采用Davidson修正的内收缩多参考组态相互作用方法及Dunning等的相关一致基aug-cc-pV6Z计算了B₂分子X³∑_g^-和A³Π_u电子态的势能曲线.利用总能量外推公式,将两个电子态的总能量分别外推至完全基组极限.对势能曲线进行核价相关修正及相对论修正计算,得到了同时考虑两种效应修正的外推势能曲线.通过同位素质量识别,得到了主要的同位素分子¹¹B¹¹B和¹⁰B¹¹B的X³Σ_g^-和A³Ⅱ_u电子态的光谱常数T_e,R_e,ω_e,ω_ex_e,ω_ey_e,B_e,β_e和γ_e.求解双原子分子核运动的径向Schr（o|¨）dinger方程,找到了无转动的同位素分子¹¹B₂（X³Σ_g^-,A³Π_u）和¹⁰B¹¹B（X³∑_g^-,A³Π_u）的全部振动态.针对每一同位素分子的每一振动态,分别计算了其振动能级和惯性转动常数等分子常数,它们均与已有的实验结果较为一致.其中,¹⁰B¹¹B（A^Π_u）分子的光谱常数和分子常数属首次报道.     

DIFFUSENESS AND DEFORMATION EFFECT IN NUCLEAR CHARGE RADIUS

On the basis of Yukawa folded density distribution, a new formula of nuclear charge radius is proposed to include the effect of both spheroidal and tetroidal deformation. With the values of only two constants, the resulting root-mean-square error in calculated nuclear radii of 148 nuclides is 0.034 fm, which is near to that of Droplet model. It can be used to explain the nuclear radii of some isotopic sequences where the Z^1/3 law has difficulties. Taking the fluctuation of diffuseness width into account, the peculiar behaviors of some isotopic sequences can be well explained. The dependence of all the fluctuation on the neutron shell structure is also discussed.     

An analysis of nuclear charge radii based on the empirical formula

Several nuclear charge radii had been calculated based on the law of A1/3 and isospin dependence Z1/3 formula which had been used to describe the charge radii data. It is achieved that the isospin dependence Z1/3 formula is superior to the generally accepted A1/3 law through mean root square deviation analysis, that is, the Z1/3 formula is more effective to describe the charge radii data.     

An analysis of nuclear charge radii based on the empirical formula

Several nuclear charge radii had been calculated based on the law of A^1/3 and isospin dependence Z^1/3 formula which had been used to describe the charge radii data. It is achieved that the isospin dependence Z^1/3 formula is superior to the generally accepted A^1/3 law through mean root square deviation analysis, that is, the Z^1/3 formula is more effective to describe the charge radii data.     

Odd-even staggering in nuclear charge radii of neutron-rich europium isotopes

Nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments and changes in mean square charge radii for the neutron-rich^155–159Eu isotopes have been measured using resonance ionization spectroscopy at the IRIS facility. It has been found that the isotopes withN>92, unlike the isotopes with 89≦N≦92, have an ordinary character of odd-even staggering in nuclear charge radii. This means that the octupole deformation attributed previously to the europium nuclei around¹⁵⁴Eu does not display itself in the charge radii of heavier europium isotopes.     

BN、BH分子辐射带系的Franck-Condon因子计算

在双原子分子核运动的波动方程中,计入分子的振转相互作用项,在Morse势近似下,得出的波函数除与振动量子数有关外,还与转动量子数有关。用该波函数编程计算了BN分子A³Π-X³Π辐射带系及BH分子A¹Π-X¹∑⁺带系的Franck-Condon因子。计算中转动量子数取值由J=0至J=180,结果适用于低温、高温和强激波条件。     

Enhancement of green emission by the codoping A+ (A=Li,Na, K) in Ca2BO3Cl：Tb3+ phosphor

Tb³⁺-doped Ca₂BO₃Cl compounds with different charge compensation approaches are synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction method, and the luminescent properties and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates are systematically characterized. Ca₂BO₃Cl:Tb³⁺ can produce green emission under 376 nm radiation excitation. With codoped A⁺ (A=Li, Na, K) as charge compensators, the relative emission intensities of Ca₂BO₃Cl:Tb³⁺ are enhanced by about 1.61, 1.97, and 1.81 times compared with those of the direct charge balance, which is considered to be due to the effect of the difference in ion radius on the crystal field. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of Ca₂BO₃Cl:Tb³⁺, A⁺ (A=Li, Na, K) are (0.335, 0.584), (0.335, 0.585), and (0.335, 0.585), corresponding to the hues of green. Therefore, A⁺ (A=Li, Na, K) may be the optimal charge compensator for Ca₂BO₃Cl:Tb³⁺.     

Nuclear periphery studied with antiprotonic atoms

Two experimental methods were employed to study the nuclear peripheral density. The first method was based on antiprotonic X ray measurements. The widths and shifts of the last atomic state levels available for the antiproton were deduced from the shape of the X-ray lines. These observables are sensitive to the nuclear matter density at a distance 1.5 fm larger than the charge half-density radius. The other method consisted in studying the antiproton annihilation products and gave information on the neutron-to-proton density ratio at a radius 2.5 fm larger than the charge half-density radius. This article presents the results obtained by the PS209 collaboration in measurements performed with the LEAR facility at CERN. Neutron densities and differences of neutron and proton root-mean-square radii were deduced for isotopes over a wide mass range (A = 40–238).     

Nuclear charge radius of 8He

The root-mean-square (rms) nuclear charge radius of 8He, the most neutron-rich of all particle-stable nuclei, has been determined for the first time to be 1.93(3) fm. In addition, the rms charge radius of 6He was measured to be 2.068(11) fm, in excellent agreement with a previous result. The significant reduction in charge radius from 6He to 8He is an indication of the change in the correlations of the excess neutrons and is consistent with the 8He neutron halo structure. The experiment was based on laser spectroscopy of individual helium atoms cooled and confined in a magneto-optical trap. Charge radii were extracted from the measured isotope shifts with the help of precision atomic theory calculations.     

LiCl~–阴离子的光谱性质和跃迁性质

采用多参考组态相互作用方法结合全电子基组计算了LiCl~-阴离子5个电子态(X~2Σ~+,A~2Π,B~2Σ~+,3~2Σ~+,2~2Π)的电子结构.为了得到精确的光谱常数,计算中考虑了Davidson修正、芯-价电子关联效应和自旋-轨道稱合效应.拟合得到各电子态的光谱常数、分子常数、自发辐射速率和自发辐射寿命.基态的光谱常数与实验值和其他理论值符合较好,同时报道了LiCl~-阴离子激发态的光谱常数以及其到基态的跃迁性质.计算结果表明A~2Π?X~2Σ~+跃迁具有高对角分布的弗兰克-康登因子f₀₀,第一激发态A~2Π有较短的自发辐射寿命.构造A~2Π(v’)? X~2Σ~+(v")准循环跃迁进行激光冷却LiCl~-阴离子需要一束主激光和两束抽运激光.以上结果预测了激光冷却LiCl~-阴离子是可行的.