染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池中离子液体基电解质的研究进展

综述了离子液体基电解质在染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池中的研究及应用进展，详细论述了多种离子液体基电解质系统对染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池性能的影响，并比较了这些系统的优缺点. 根据胶凝剂的不同分别论述了离子液体基电解质的固化及其对电池性能的影响. 评述了离子液体基电解质在大面积电池中的应用，并对离子液体基电解质未来发展方向进行了展望.     

染料敏化太阳电池电解质

染料敏化太阳电池是新一代的太阳电池,有着巨大的应用前景。其中电解质体系是电池组成的主要部分,对电池的性能有着重要的影响。本文介绍了染料敏化太阳电池的基本原理,详细评述了近几年国内外学者对染料敏化太阳电池用电解质体系的研究进展情况,根据电解质的存在状态将其分为液态、准固态和固态三大类并逐一进行介绍,最后对该领域的前景进行了展望。     

有机小分子胶凝剂在准固态染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

染料敏化太阳电池(DSC)作为一种新型薄膜太阳电池,因具有价格低廉、高效等特点,受到各界的广泛关注。电解质作为DSC的主要组成部分,对电池效率和稳定性等性能有着重要的影响。本文简述了DSC工作原理及DSC用液态、固态及准固态电解质,从有机溶剂液态电解质和离子液体电解质两个方面,详细评述了有机小分子胶凝剂在准固态染料敏化太阳电池中的研究进展,并对其在准固态染料敏化太阳电池中的应用前景进行了展望。     

温度对不同电解质的大面积DSCs电池性能的影响

从实验和理论上探讨了温度对染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池性能的影响.初步研究了其性能随温度的变化规律.在解决液体电解质染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的基础上,利用乙醇作为冷冻液,通过控制冷冻液的温度来恒温电池的温度,模拟制作了实用化电池,其尺寸(15cm×20cm)基本接近实用化.     

《化学通报》网络版(Chemistry Online)2005年第1期论文摘要

[w0 0 1 ]染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池中电解质的研究进展ProgressoftheElectrolyteinDye_sensitizedSolarCells史成武1,2 　戴松元1 　王孔嘉1　潘旭1　郭力1(1中国科学院等离子体物理研究所　合肥　 2 3 0 0 3 1 ;　2 合肥工业大学　合肥　 2 3 0 0 0 9)　　对染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池中的电解质研究进行了综述。根据电解质的类型将太阳电池分为液体电解质电池、溶胶_凝胶 (准固态 )电解质电池和固态电解质电池。阐述了电解质中各组成成分的作用 ,对比了这三种太阳电池的性能参数 ,并分析了这三种太阳电池的优缺点。　　Dye_sensitizeds…     

聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)的合成及其在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

采用自由基聚合法合成了聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)(P4VP),并用于制备染料敏化太阳电池的凝胶电介质.研究了P4VP含量对电解质和太阳电池性能的影响.结果表明,以P4VP为骨架通过化学交联固化液态电解质制备的有机胶体电解质体系有机相可溶剂化Li ,当其含量为7.5wt%时体系离子电导率可达5.77mS/cm与液态电解质相当.利用这种准固态电解质制备的敏化太阳电池在100mW/cm2,25℃下获得光电转换效率2.3%.     

环保型准固态电解质的制备及在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

本文介绍了一种制备染料敏化太阳电池(DSC)准固态电解质的新方法——混合溶剂法.该方法具有制作工艺简单、所用溶剂对人及环境无污染等优点.将混合溶剂法制备的准固态电解质应用于太阳电池,并系统研究了电解质组成及环境温度对电解质及其DSC性能的影响规律.     

染料敏化太阳电池中TiO2/染料/电解质界面的修饰

染料敏化太阳电池(DSC)作为新型太阳电池自问世以来受到了广泛关注, 其系统内部的接触界面尤其是TiO₂/染料/电解质界面一直是该领域的研究热点. 光敏染料的吸附以及电子的注入、传输和复合都发生在该界面, 其界面性质对DSC性能具有很大影响. 对染料敏化太阳电池中TiO₂/染料/电解质界面进行修饰可以有效抑制染料聚集和电子复合, 提高电子的注入效率与传输速率; 同时, 对TiO₂导带边的位置及染料吸附等也产生一定的影响, 最终提高电池的光电转换效率和稳定性. 本文主要从不同的修饰途径详细评述了TiO₂/染料/电解质界面修饰方法及机理研究进展,包括TiO₂光阳极的修饰改性、染料溶液中共吸附剂的引入和多种染料共敏化处理以及电解质中不同功能添加剂的应用. 指出了这些修饰方法目前存在的主要问题, 并对未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

聚合物电解质在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)由于成本低、污染小、制备工艺简单而受到广泛关注。电解质在其中起到桥梁的作用,能促使染料再生、输运空穴,从而完成整个光电循环过程,是DSSC重要的组成部分。本文简要介绍了DSSC的基本结构和工作原理,指出了传统液态电解质存在的问题,综述了近年来以聚合物为基体制备的新型固态聚合物电解质、凝胶聚合物电解质以及多孔聚合物电解质在DSSC中的应用,最后对聚合物电解质在染料敏化太阳能电池中的发展做出了展望。     

一种高效染料敏化太阳电池电解质添加剂

报道了一种新型染料敏化太阳电池电解质添加剂——N-十六烷基吡啶碘(N-CPI).往电解质中添加0.02MN-CPI,能同时提高染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC)的短路电流和开路电压,光电转换效率也由4.429%提高到6.535%,增幅高达47.55%,由此可见,N-CPI是一种高效电解质添加剂.N-CPI这种功能来源于其双极性基团的特殊分子结构,这种结构使N-CPI在电解质中如表面活性剂那样形成有序分布,影响I-/I3-的扩散和氧化还原性能,进而影响DSSC的光电性能.     

A novel composite polymer electrolyte containing room-temperature ionic liquids and heteropolyacids for dye-sensitized solar cells

A novel composite polymeric gel comprising room-temperature ionic liquids (1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-hexafluorophosphate, BMImPF₆) and heteropolyacids (phosphotungstic acid, PWA) in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) matrix was successfully prepared and employed as a quasi-solid state electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These composite polymer electrolytes offered specific benefits over the ionic liquids and heteropolyacids, which effectively enhanced the ionic conductivity of the composite polymer electrolyte. Unsealed devices employing the composite polymer electrolyte with the 3% content of PWA achieved the solar to electrical energy conversion efficiency of 1.68% under irradiation of 50 mW cm⁻² light intensity, increasing by a factor of more than three compared to a DSSC with the blank BMImPF₆-based polymer electrolyte without PWA. It is expected that these composite polymer electrolytes are an attractive alternative to previously reported hole transporting materials for the fabrication of the long-term stable quasi-solid state or solid state DSSCs.     

Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells assembled with polymeric ionic liquid and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) counter electrode

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanofibers (PEDOT-NF) with high catalytic activity were synthesized and employed as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) was used as a gelling agent and an iodide source for making a highly conductive gel polymer electrolyte. A quasi-solid-state DSSC assembled with this PIL-based gel polymer electrolyte and PEDOT-NF counter electrode exhibited high conversion efficiency of 8.12% at 100 mW cm^− 2.     

Photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells assembled by in-situ chemical cross-linking

Quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were assembled by in-situ chemical cross-linking of a gel electrolyte precursor containing liquid electrolyte. The DSSCs assembled with this cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte showed higher open circuit voltage and lower short-circuit photocurrent density than those of DSSCs with liquid electrolyte. Addition of SiO₂ nanoparticles into the cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte significantly improved the photovoltaic performance and long-term stability of the DSSCs. The optimized quasi-solid state DSSC showed high conversion efficiency, 6.2% at 100 mW cm^?2 with good durability.     

Poly(oxyethylene methacrylate)–poly(4-vinyl pyridine) comb-like polymer electrolytes for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells

Poly(oxyethylene methacrylate)–poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (POEM–P4VP) comb-like copolymers with 3:7, 5:5, and 6:4 wt ratio were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization and confirmed by ¹H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The copolymers were quaternized with 1-iodopropane to convert the pyridine groups into pyridinium ions, i.e., POEM–qP4VP. Transmission electron microscopy showed that strongly segregated microphase separation in POEM–P4VP was less prominent upon quaternization due to interactions between the ether oxygens of POEM and the quaternized pyridine groups of qP4VP, as confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The energy conversion efficiencies of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with quaternized polymer electrolytes were always greater than those with pristine electrolytes due to greater ionic conductivity and concentrations of free iodide ions. The maximum energy conversion efficiency of a DSSC employing POEM–qP4VP electrolyte reached 3.0% at 100 mW/cm² when a 6:4 wt.% of POEM–qP4VP was used.     

Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell based on a polymer gel electrolyte with in situ synthesized ionic conductors

A polymer gel electrolyte with in situ synthesized Acac-Py-I₂ ionic conductors was prepared for fabricating a quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (QS-DSSC). The in situ synthesized Acac-Py-I₂ ionic conductors show weaker influence on the liquid electrolyte absorbency of the polymer gel electrolyte than that of Acac-Py-I₂ ionic conductors dissolved in liquid electrolyte. Owing to the higher liquid electrolyte absorbency, the polymer gel electrolyte with in situ synthesized Acac-Py-I₂ ionic conductors shows higher ionic conductivity than that of polymer gel electrolyte with Acac-Py-I₂ ionic conductors absorbed from liquid electrolyte. QS-DSSC containing the polymer gel electrolyte with in situ synthesized Acac-Py-I₂ ionic conductors shows 3.815% energy conversion efficiency, which is 21.6% higher than that of QS-DSSC containing polymer gel electrolyte with Acac-Py-I₂ ionic conductors absorbed from liquid electrolyte.     

准固态聚合物电解质在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

将固态或准固态聚合物电解质应用到染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)中可以有效解决应用液态电解质遇到的封装难、稳定性差等问题,因而近年来,对固态和准固态电解质的研究引起了广泛关注.本文就准固态聚合物电解质在DSSC中应用的研究进展及存在的问题进行了综述.同时,介绍了DSSC的结构及工作原理.根据目前DSSC准固态聚合物电解质...     

Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells assembled by in-situ chemical cross-linking at ambient temperature

Cross-linked gel polymer electrolytes containing aluminum oxide nanoparticles are successfully prepared using in-situ chemical cross-linking at room temperature after injection of the gel precursor into a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). This makes it possible to directly solidify the electrolyte in the cell without leakage of solvent and to maintain close interfacial contact with the porous TiO₂ electrode. The quasi-solid-state DSSC assembled with gel polymer electrolyte containing 20 wt.% Al₂O₃ particles yields an overall conversion efficiency of 5.25% under AM 1.5 illumination at 100 mW cm^{− 2}.     

P(VDF-HFP)基凝胶电解质染料敏化纳米TiO2薄膜太阳电池

采用循环伏安法(CV)研究了凝胶电解质中I₃-/I-氧化还原行为,凝胶电解质中I₃-/I-的表观扩散系数和相应的稳态扩散电流明显低于液体电解质.通过对阴/阳离子的结合能和孔穴阻塞作用的研究解释了凝胶电解质电导率较液体电解质发生变化的原因.制备的凝胶电解质电池具有较高的光电转换效率(6.6%),其短路电流密度(Jsc)仅比液体电解质电池低0.3-0.4 mA/cm²,电池效率也仅低约0.6%.     

Recent research progress on quasi-solid-state electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs) are the most promising, low cost and most extensively investigated solar cells. They are famous for their clean and efficient solar energy conversion. Nevertheless this, long-time stability is still to be acquired. In recent years research on solid and quasi-solid state electrolytes is extensively increased. Various quasi-solid electrolytes, including composites polymer electrolytes, ionic liquid electrolytes,thermoplastic polymer electrolytes and thermosetting polymer electrolytes have been used. Performance and stability of a quasi-solid state electrolyte are between liquid and solid electrolytes. High photovoltaic performances of QS-DSSCs along better long-term stability can be obtained by designing and optimizing quasi-solid electrolytes. It is a prospective candidate for highly efficient and stable DSSCs.     

Solid-state composite electrolyte LiI/3-hydroxypropionitrile/SiO2 for dye-sensitized solar cells

A new compound, LiI(3-hydroxypropionitrile)(2), is reported here. According to its single-crystal structure (C2/c), this compound has 3-D transporting paths for iodine. Further ab initio calculation shows that the activation energy for diffusion of iodine (0.73 eV) is much lower than that of lithium ion (8.39 eV) within the lattice. Such a mono-ion transport feature is favorable as solid electrolyte to replace conventional volatile organic liquid electrolytes used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). LiI and 3-hydroxypropionitrile (HPN) can form a series of solid electrolytes. The highest ambient conductivity is 1.4 x 10(-)(3) S/cm achieved for LiI(HPN)(4). However, it tends to form large crystallites and leads to poor filling and contact within porous TiO(2) electrodes in DSSC. Such a drawback can be greatly improved by introducing micrometer-sized and nanosized SiO(2) particles into the solid electrolyte. It is helpful not only in enhancing the conductivity but also in improving the interfacial contact greatly. Consequently, the light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 5.4% of a DSSC using LiI(HPN)(4)/15 wt % nano-SiO(2) was achieved under AM 1.5 simulated solar light illumination. Due to the low cost, easy fabrication, and relatively high conversion efficiency, the DSSC based on this new solid-state composite electrolyte is promising for practical applications.