有机碲化物在合成中的应用

随着有机硫化物在合成中的广泛应用,近年来有机碲化物亦获得普遍的重视。与有机硫化物相比,有机碲化物具有下述特点:(1)碲形成的σ键比硫弱,因此C—Te,O—Te,N—Te键比硫形成的相应的键易于断裂。(2)RTeR及RTe~(-)的碱性比相应的硫化物弱,而亲核性比它们强,因此可以发生多种亲核反应,     

抗坏血酸还原亚碲酸钠水相合成CdTe量子点

在碱性条件下,镉离子与巯基乙酸形成配合物(Cd-SCH2COO-),亚碲酸钠中+4价的碲被抗坏血酸还原成-2价后与Cd-SCH2COO-配合物结合,形成Cd Te晶核;经加热回流后晶核不断生长,得到不同发射波长的Cd Te量子点.研究了反应时间、巯基乙酸与镉及碲与镉的摩尔比等实验条件对Cd Te量子点荧光性能的影响.用X射线粉末衍射和透射电镜等分析手段对量子点的结构进行了表征.结果表明,采用这种方法制得的Cd Te量子点为立方晶型,荧光量子产率可达27.1%,反应时间及反应物的相对用量对量子点的荧光性能有明显影响.     

碲在汞中的扩散系数和溶解度

用阴极溶出计时安培法测定了碲在汞中的扩散系数和溶解度.在1 mol/L NH_3-NH_4 Cl和10~(-3)mol/L TeO_3~(2-)溶液中,用悬汞电极于-0.90 V进行预电解,使Te(Ⅳ)还原到元素Te.然后在另一个电解池中阴极溶出使Te还原为Te~(2-).阴极溶出是在0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液中,用计时安培法于-1.40 V测定.根据下列方程式计算了碲在汞中的扩散系数D及溶解度S:D=r_0~2/πt_0,S=(4nFπ~(3/2)D~(3/2)t_0)~(-1)(Δi_1/Δt~(-1/2).D和S的测定值分别为:1.52×10~(-5)cm~2/s及2.34×10~(-3)wt％.实验结果表明碲在汞中以单原子态存在.     

碲的电位溶出分析

本文研究了碲的电位溶出分析。在0.25MHCl介质中加入Cu(Ⅱ),利用碲与铜生成Cu-Te化合物富集到玻碳电极上,以溴水做氧化剂测定碲,测定下限可达2ppb(富集10分钟)。用砷共沉淀分离碲,测定了烟尘、硫酸厂污泥及粮食中碲的含量。实验部分仪器:由ZD-2型自动电位滴定仪,XWC-100F型记录仪组成。XBD-1型旋转玻碳电极为工作电极,Pt及SCE为辅助及参比电极。富集和测量均在搅拌下进行。     

纳米TiO2微柱分离富集测定环境样品中的微量碲

以处理过的纳米TiO2为微柱吸附材料,采用流动注射技术进行微量碲的分离富集,探讨了溶液的pH值、试样流速、试样体积、洗脱液浓度和用量以及干扰离子等因素的影响。 实验结果表明,pH值在8～9.5范围内,纳米TiO2对Te(Ⅳ)具有良好的吸附性能,吸附率接近99%,动态饱和吸附容量为37.02 mg/g;选用2 mL 0.5 mol/L NaOH溶液可将吸附的Te(Ⅳ)完全洗脱,富集倍数为30。 本法的检出限(3σ)为0.013 mg/L,相对标准偏差为RSD=1.99%。 将本法应用于水样的分析,碲的回收率在98%~103%之间,结果令人满意。     

水热模板法合成碲化镍纳米棒

研究了一种简单的碲化镍纳米棒的合成方法．在合成过程中,以碲纳米棒为反应模板,使之与新鲜生成的纳米镍颗粒反应生成碲化镍．利用X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对产物进行了表征,研究了反应物中Ni和Te的摩尔比及反应温度对产物的影响,讨论了由Te纳米棒向NiTe纳米棒转化的机理．     

有机碲化合物的~(125)Te NMR研究

本文测定了三个有机碲盐化合物以及一些碲醚类化合物的~(125)Te NMR谱。得到了这些化合物的~(125)Te化学位移值。主要讨论了影响~(125)Te化学位移的因素。通过实验,我们可以得出如下的结论:与Te相连取代基的电负性增强,~(125)Te化学位移值增大。化合物中,碲的成键性质不同,~(125)Te化学位移值也有所不同。碲盐类化合物的~(125)Te化学位移值受溶液浓度及溶剂性质的影响比较大,浓度加大,~(125)Te化学位移向高场移动,而且变化较明显。溶剂的极性增强,~(125)Te化学位移向低场移动。     

基于双碲键的动态共价聚合物的合成及其性能研究

以单质碲、硼氢化钠和溴丙醇为原料合成了一种羟基功能化的双碲化合物,即2,2'-二碲二丙醇((HOC_3H_6Te)_2);以(HOC3H6Te)_2为引发剂,在脂肪酶Novozym 435的催化作用下,分别引发己内酯(ε-CL)和1,3-二恶烷-2-酮(TMC)开环聚合,制备了含双碲聚己内酯((PCLTe)_2)和含双碲聚碳酸酯((PTMCTe)_2),并利用1H-NMR、125Te-NMR对其结构进行表征.以联苯二碲(PhTe)_2、(PCLTe)_2为研究对象,利用1H-NMR、13C-NMR、125Te-NMR探究了含双碲聚合物的动态性能.结果表明,在避光和室温条件下,(PhTe)_2与(PCLTe)_2能立即发生双碲键的相互交换反应,并瞬间达到反应平衡.利用125Te-NMR、飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)证明了在没有外界刺激的条件下,(PCLTe)_2与(PTMCTe)_2之间可以发生相互交换反应,并产生了嵌段共聚物(PCLTeTePTMC),这种嵌段共聚物极大地提高了(PCLTe)_2与(PTMCTe)_2之间的相容性,并改善了(PCLTe)_2/(PTMCTe)_2共混薄膜的力学性能.     

丁基罗丹明B-碲钼杂多酸缔合显色反应的研究

本文研究了在聚乙烯醇(PVA)存在下,丁基罗丹明B(BRB)与碲钼杂多酸的离子缔合显色反应,碲钼杂多酸在0.025～0.075 mol/L硫酸溶液中形成丁基罗丹明B-碲钼杂多酸离子缔合物。形成酸度为1.26～2.16 mol/L硫酸,钼酸铵、丁基罗丹明B及PVA的适宜条件分别4.6×10~(-3)mol/,5.3×10~(-5) mol/L和0.16％。缔合物最大吸收波长为570 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε值为3.2×10~5 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),符合比耳定律范围0～16μg Te/25ml。探讨了反应机理,用平衡移动法确定缔合物的摩尔比为Te:Mo:BRB=1:7:2,缔合物的可能化学式为(BRB)_2[TeMo_7O_(24)]。方法已用于烟尘中碲的测定,结果满意。     

中国沉积-改造铅锌矿床

本文主要阐述了我国沉积-改造型层控铅锌矿床的地质特征,铅、硫、氢、氧稳定同位素的组成,改造热液的物理化学性质及其来源,Pb、Zn元素的活化迁移和沉淀的实验研究,矿床的成矿规律等。认为矿床的形成首先是成矿物质与含矿岩系同生沉积,又受后期地质作用影响而被改造及进一步富集成矿。整个成矿过程与岩浆活动没有明显联系。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.