利用自制花汁指示剂标定氢氧化钠溶液

为了加深学生对酸碱指示剂和酸碱滴定的认识与了解,进一步培养学生的探究兴趣和科学素养,将自制酸碱指示剂与商品酚酞指示剂标定氢氧化钠的结果进行了比较,由F检验和t检验证明,两者测定数据的准确度和精密度无显著性差异,同时探究了有机酸碱指示剂的自制方法及其在不同pH范围内的显色情况,为探究性实验提供了有益的参考。     

氯化十六烷基吡啶对酸碱指示剂离解平衡及变色范围的影响

探讨了表面活性剂氯化十六烷基吡啶形成的胶束对溴百里香酚蓝、甲酚红、邻甲苯酚酞和百里香酚蓝离解反应的离解常数的影响,同时,也研究了该表面活性剂对上述四种酸碱指示剂变色范围的影响。实验结果表明,表面活性剂存在时,酸碱指示剂的离解平衡及其变色范围将发生改变,选择适当的胶束溶液作为滴定介质,可以扩大酸碱指示剂的应用范围,同时也可以提高滴定的准确度。     

酸碱滴定中指示剂浓度的影响

从理论计算和实验两方面对酸碱滴定指示剂浓度的影响进行讨论。通过酸碱滴定通式计算了溴百里酚蓝和酚酞在氢氧化钠滴定盐酸过程中pH的变化情况。结果表明指示剂的浓度过高或过低均不利于判定滴定终点。必须采用合适的指示剂浓度才能实现好的变色和好的准确度。     

新西佛碱3.5—二溴水杨醛缩氨基硫脲的合成及其在荧光滴定中的应用

本文研究了新西佛碱３．５－二溴水杨醛缩氨基硫脲（简称３．５－ＤＢＳＴＳ）的合成，及基为一种新荧光滴定指示剂，应用于有色溶液中酸碱滴定的条件，建立了一种简便，准确，快速测定有色溶液中酸碱浓度的新方法，用于有色饮料中酸含量的测定，结果满意，指示剂发光的ｐＨ突跃范围为７．４８－９．７２，λｅｘ＝５００ｎｍ。     

酸碱指示剂的胶体误差与蛋白质的探针反应

在有些分析化学教材和参考书中讨论到影响酸碱指示剂变色范围的因素时,除了浓度、温度及溶剂外,都谈到胶体(特别是蛋白质)的影响.Bishop在专著“指示剂”中提出,蛋白质     

GB及ISO中酸碱指示剂法测定食品中总酸的指示剂研究

在实际分析检测工作中 ,发现 GB或 ISO的酸碱滴定指示剂法 ,以酚酞为指示剂无法克服样品底液颜色深或浊度大而干扰终点观察 ,尤其是果汁饮料系列产品色彩缤纷 ,终点观测不方便 ,甚至无法观测 ,实验重现性差 ,严重影响测定结果的准确度与精密度。本文选择百里酚蓝为酸碱滴定指示剂 ,可克服原法缺点与局限。应用于果汁饮料系列产品柠檬酸含量测定 ,结果满意。     

璀璨星云——乙醇凝胶的焰色与变色

以超分子凝胶的制备为基础，结合焰色反应、酸碱指示剂变色和水解平衡移动等原理设计了一个综合性科普实验。实验采用乙酸钙水溶液和乙醇混合的方法制备凝胶，制备过程中加入金属盐(或硼酸)及酸碱指示剂，并调节酸碱性。制得的凝胶在燃烧时，金属盐(或硼酸)使火焰呈现出多彩的焰色，且受热导致凝胶中乙酸盐的水解平衡移动，使凝胶中的酸碱指示剂变色。整体实验效果绚丽多彩，如同璀璨的星云在宇宙中闪耀。本实验涉及知识点丰富，操作安全简便，现象明显，充分展现化学之美，满足不同人群的科普需求。     

胶束对酸碱指示剂离解平衡和变色点及变色范围的影响

探讨了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB),十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和TritonX-1003种胶束对酸套指示剂百里香酚蓝和溴百里香酚蓝离解反庆的离解常数的影响,进行了研究了以上3种胶束对指示剂变色点的变以范围的影响,实验结果表明,选择适当的胶束溶液作为滴定介质,不仅可以扩大酸碱指示剂的应用范围,而且还大大提高了测量的准确度.     

紫甘蓝酸碱指示剂的色彩实验研究

利用紫甘蓝色素作为一种天然的酸碱指示剂,制作彩虹柱、多彩神灯、果蔬鸡尾酒,展现化学之美。简便易行的实验不仅培养了实验者的动手能力,而且激发了参与者的创新意识,对提高未来公民科学素养具有独特的教育功能。     

完善教学细节:新手教师走向成熟的必经之路——以初中化学“酸碱指示剂的探究”一课为例

对新手教师所执教"酸碱指示剂的探究"课例片段中的关键教学细节进行剖析,指出存在的问题,提出改进建议,并对教学细节进行完善,从而提高教学的实效性,促进新手教师的专业成长。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。