镍铁异常共沉积研究

本文应用环盘电极并根据环电极上Fe~(2+)离子氧化的极限电量及盘电板上Fe~(2+)离子阴极还原对上述环电极过程的屏蔽效应分别建立两种分解Ni-Fe共沉积极化曲线的方法。应用上述方法研究Hg, Ni, Fe和Ni-Fe等电极上Ni和Fe共沉积的动力学规律。结果表明, Ni~(2+)和Fe~(2+)同时在Hg上电沉积遵循它们单独电沉积的动力学规律, 而在Fe电极上Ni~(2+)电沉积被活化, 在Ni电极上Fe~(2+)电沉积却被阻化。此外, 还讨论Ni-Fe异常共沉积的机理。     

退火前后镍钨硼合金电沉积层的结构与性能

采用电化学技术、XPS、DSC、XRD等方法研究Ni W B合金电沉积及热处理前后合金镀层的结构和显微硬度.结果表明,在Ni W B合金电沉积过程中伴随着化学沉积镍等过程以及Na2B4O7在镀层中的夹杂;Ni W和Ni W B合金电沉积层分别表现为纳米晶结构和非晶态结构;热处理过程中合金电沉积层发生晶粒粗化过程以及Ni W B合金镀层发生新相形成过程,产生Ni4W和镍硼化物如Ni2B、Ni3B等沉淀物;400 ℃热处理2 h后Ni W合金镀层有最大的显微硬度达919.8 kg•mm－2,而在500 ℃下Ni W B合金有最大的硬度达1132.2 kg•mm－2.     

一种新的硫酸根离子敏感电极

探索新的材料制备离子敏感电极,研究这些电极的响应特性和响应机理,是离子电极研究的一个新方向［'－"．硫酸根离子敏感电极一直是离子电极研究中的一个难点·本文采用电沉积方法,在铜、钻、玻璃碳和低碳钢体表面沉积了Ni－P系非晶合金硫酸根离子敏感电极,电极对硫酸根离子在卫X10－'～IX10－'mol／L浓度范围内呈Nernst响应,检测下限可达4X10'mol／L,具有良好的重现性和稳定性．该硫酸根离子电极对常见阴离子具有良好的选择性,与迄今所报道的SO广离子敏感电极比较显示了较优异的特性．1实验部分将金属铜（99％,4-5mm）、金属钻…     

在LiCl-KCl共晶熔体中电化学制备钬镍金属间化合物(英文)

采用循环伏安、方波伏安和开路计时电位等方法研究了Ho(Ⅲ)离子在LiCl-KCl共晶熔体中的电化学行为及Ho-Ni合金化机理。在惰性W电极上,Ho(Ⅲ)离子在-2.06 V(vs Ag/Ag Cl)发生电化学还原,该还原过程为3个电子转移的一步反应。与惰性W电极上的循环伏安相比,Ho(Ⅲ)离子在活性Ni电极的循环伏安曲线上还出现了3对氧化还原峰,是Ho与Ni形成了金属间化合物,导致了Ho(Ⅲ)离子在活性Ni电极发生了欠电位沉积。在不同的电位进行恒电位电解制备的3个不同的Ho-Ni合金,采用X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)等测试手段进行表征,结果表明:制备的3种合金分别是Ho2Ni17,Ho Ni5和Ho Ni23种合金化合物。     

应用镍超微电极的电化学表面增强拉曼光谱技术研究

镍（Ni）电极在电化学中应用广泛。原位表征Ni电极表面的吸附物种有益于帮助理解电极反应历程、指导发展高效电催化剂。应用超微电极作为工作电极的电化学表面增强拉曼光谱技术结合了超微电极表面的传质特性和分子水平的高灵敏度表征,是研究Ni电化学的有力手段。本文所述的研究工作通过在金（Au）超微电极表面电吸附具有SERS活性的Au纳米粒子并恒电流沉积金属Ni薄层,制备并表征了具有SERS活性的Ni超微电极。在氢氧化钠溶液中的循环伏安实验和以4-甲基苯硫酚分子作为探针分子的SERS实验结果表明,沉积速率和沉积电量是影响超微电极表面Ni的覆盖度和SERS活性的关键因素。在吸附了直径为55 nm Au纳米粒子的、直径为10 μm Au的超微电极表面,以100 μA·cm^-2电流密度电沉积厚度约为5个原子层Ni的条件下,可获得Ni覆盖完好的、具有最强SERS活性的Ni超微电极。     

从2AlCl3/Et3NHCl离子液体中电沉积制备Ni 和Ni-Al 合金

在含Ni2+的2AlCl3/Et3NHCl离子液体中的铜电极上通过恒电位电沉积制备出金属Ni和Ni-Al合金.采用循环伏安和计时电流方法,揭示铜电极上沉积金属Ni的成核机理,研究了电沉积Ni-Al合金的机理,以及恒电位沉积Ni-Al合金工艺条件对沉积Ni-Al合金表面形貌和电流效率的影响.结果表明:在铜电极上电沉积金属Ni的成核机理为受扩散控制的三维瞬时成核过程.在电量≥3.0 C时,电沉积Ni-Al合金的组成基本不再变化.Ni-Al合金的电沉积机理为,Ni的电沉积受扩散控制,同时进行Al的欠电位沉积,在Ni-Al合金电沉积过程中某些Ni-Al合金相的沉积可能受动力学限制而使Ni-Al合金的组成偏离热力学预测结果.在电沉积Ni-Al合金的沉积电流小且平稳,电沉积速率慢条件下,Ni-Al合金表面形貌致密均一,反之就会出现瘤节.电沉积Ni-Al合金的电流效率＞90％.电沉积物的组成接近于Ni3Al合金.     

在LiCl-KCl共晶熔体中电化学制备钬镍金属间化合物

采用循环伏安、方波伏安和开路计时电位等研究了Ho(Ⅲ)离子在LiCl-KCl共晶熔体中的电化学行为及Ho-Ni合金化机理。在惰性W电极上,Ho(Ⅲ)离子在-2.06 V(vs Ag/AgCl)发生电化学还原,该还原过程为3个电子转移的一步反应。与惰性W电极上的循环伏安相比,Ho(Ⅲ)离子在活性Ni电极的循环伏安曲线上还出现了3对氧化还原峰,是Ho与Ni形成了金属间化合物,导致了Ho(Ⅲ)离子在活性Ni电极发生了欠电位沉积。在不同的电位进行恒电位电解制备的3个不同的Ho-Ni合金,采用X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)等测试手段进行表征,结果表明:制备的3种合金分别是Ho₂Ni₁₇,HoNi₅ 和 HoNi₂ 3种合金化合物。     

非化学计量的混合价态氧化钼(Ⅵ,Ⅴ)修饰微电极的电化学制备

在新鲜配制的Na_2MoO_4的弱酸性水溶液中,通过循环电位扫描在碳纤维微电极表面可沉积一层均匀的蓝色氧化钼(VI,V)薄膜,膜的厚度通过电量进行控制.在电沉积之前,电极的阳极化处理不仅可以加快氧化钼的电沉积,而且可以改善膜的伏安行为.溶液的pH值对膜的电沉积和伏安行为有极大的影响.膜的阴极过程被认为是产生青钼铜:H_xMoO_3(0相似文献   

Dy（III）离子在LiCl-KCl熔盐中的电化学行为及Dy-Ni金属间化合物的选择性制备

采用循环伏安、方波伏安和开路计时电位等电化学方法研究了Dy(III)离子在LiCl-KCl共晶盐中的电化学行为及Dy-Ni合金形成的电化学机理.循环伏安和方波伏安法研究表明, Dy(III)离子的电化学还原过程为三个电子转移的一步反应.与惰性W电极相比, Dy(III)离子在Ni电极上的循环伏安曲线多出了三对氧化还原峰,是由于Dy与Ni形成了合金化合物,导致Dy(III)离子在活性Ni电极发生了欠电位沉积.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)附带能量散射谱(EDS)对恒电位(-1.6,-1.8和-2.0 V)电解制备的Dy-Ni合金进行分析,分别获得了DyNi5, Dy2Ni7和DyNi2金属间化合物.实验结果表明,通过控制电位进行恒电位电解可以有选择性地制备不同的金属间化合物.     

非化学计量的混合价态氧化钼(VI,V)修饰微电极的电化学制备

在新鲜配制的Na2MoO4的弱酸性水溶液中, 通过循环电位扫描在碳纤维微电极表面可沉积一层均匀的蓝色氧化钼(VI, V)薄膜, 膜的厚度通过电量进行控制。在电沉积之前, 电极的阳极化处理不仅可以加快氧化钼的电沉积, 而且可以改善膜的伏安行为。溶液的pH值对膜的电沉积和伏安行为有极大的影响。膜的阴极过程被认为是产生青钼铜: HxMoO3 (0相似文献   

Exploring the sources of the magnetic anisotropy in a family of cyanide-bridged Ni9Mo6 and Ni9W6 systems: a density functional theory study

A density functional theory (DFT) study of the magnetic coupling interactions and magnetic anisotropy in a family of experimentally synthesized Ni(9)Mo(V) and Ni(9)W(V) systems is presented. Our calculations show that for all of our selected Ni(9)M(6) systems, the intramolecular magnetic coupling interactions are ferromagnetic, and the ground-state spins are 12. All of the D values of Ni(9)W(6) systems come mainly from the contribution of the D(i) of W(6)(CN)(48)Ni extracted from Ni(9)W(6), and the influence of the eight surrounding Ni including the ligands on their magnetic anisotropy is very small. Although the surrounding Ni bounded by different ligands have a small influence on all D values for our selected complexes, they decide on the core structures of W(6)(CN)(48)Ni, which dominate their magnetic anisotropy. Thus, to obtain a Ni(9)W(6) system having a large negative D, we can use different ligands bound to Ni to obtain a good core structure of W(6)(CN)(48)Ni with a large negative D value. All D values of Ni(9)Mo(6) systems also come mainly from the contribution of D(i) of the Mo(6)(CN)(48)Ni, which is positive or negative but very small; most of these systems do not behave as single-molecule magnets.     

Mo、W对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂烯烃加氢性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了一系列NiM/γ-Al2O3（M＝Mo、W）催化剂。通过馏分油（沸点70℃～350℃）烯烃的加氢饱和，考察了Mo、W对Ni基催化剂加氢性能的影响，并采用TPR、XRD、XPS对催化剂进行表征。TPR结果表明，添加助剂Mo（W）降低了低温还原峰温度，但还原度有所降低，而且NiMo催化剂还原度的降低幅度比NiW催化剂更大；XRD结果表明，Mo（W）的添加提高了活性组分Ni的分散度，并且Mo的助分散作用优于W；XPS结果表明，Mo（W）的引入提高了催化剂体系“表面NiAl2O4”的比例，Ni2p3/2谱峰的化学位移说明助剂的添加增强了Ni与载体γ-Al2O3之间的相互作用。     

钨、钼、镍含量的改变对体相催化剂物化性质、加氢活性影响

制备不同活性金属原子比的体相催化剂,通过BET、XRD、SEM、TEM、强度测定、堆积密度测定及小型活性评价手段,考察了活性金属钨、钼、镍含量的变化对体相催化剂物化性质和活性的影响。结果表明,保持W/Mo原子比不变,随着(W+Mo)/Ni的原子比减小,孔体积、比表面积、孔径增大,超深度加氢脱硫活性增强,在精制油硫含量小于10μg/g,反应温度降低8℃。在(W+Mo)/Ni的原子比不变的条件下,W/Mo的原子比在0.28-1.85,随着原子比增大,孔体积、比表面积、超深度加氢脱硫活性没有明显变化。     

Thermogravimetric investigations of new γ-γ′ cobalt-based superalloys

The aim of the study is characterization of high-temperature oxidation behavior of new Co-based superalloys by thermogravimetry (TG). The following alloys have been taken into account: Co–9Al–9W, Co–20–Ni–7Al–7W, Co–10Al–5Mo–2Nb and Co–20Ni–10Al–5Mo–2Nb (at.%). The thermogravimetric analysis was carried out in the temperature range 40–1200 °C of heating rate 5° min^?1. The investigation was performed using the thermal analyzer NETZSCH STA 449 F3 Jupiter. TG–DTG plots showed oxidation behavior up to 1200 °C and indicated the temperatures of further isothermal oxidation examinations. The oxidation behavior of basic Co–9Al–9W (at.%) alloy was compared to W-free Co–10Al–5Mo–2Nb and Co–20Ni–10Al–5Mo–2Nb (at.%) alloys. The obtained data showed different oxidation behavior dependably on the type of alloying elements. Moreover, the effect of Ni addition on oxidation performance was determined. The scales grown on Co-base superalloys after thermogravimetry were evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.     

Mo（W）－Co（Ni，Fe）簇合物的加氢脱硫催化活性

对线型、立方烷型和笼状３种不同构型的Ｍｏ（Ｗ）－Ｃｏ（Ｎｉ，Ｆｅ）－Ｓ（Ｏ）簇共１２种化合物进行了噻吩加氢脱硫和环己烯加氢的催化活性研究．讨论了簇合物的组成，金属原子的配比、价态与催化活性的关系．探讨了不同构型对活性的影响．     

Effect of the Composition and Morphology of the Active Phase of NiMoW/P-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Catalysts with Different Mo/W Ratios on Their Activity in the Reactions of Dibenzothiophene Hydrogenolysis and Naphthalene Hydrogenation

A series of catalysts have been synthesized Ni–Mo–W/P-Al₂O₃ with different Mo: W ratios (a sample without W, Mo: W = 2: 1, Mo: W = 1: 1, Mo: W = 1: 2, and a sample without Мо) and a concentration of P₂O₅ in a support of 0.5 wt %. Heteropoly acids H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀ · nH₂O and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ · nH₂O and nickel citrate were precursors of the active phase. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to study the surface of the sulfide phase of the samples. Their catalytic activity was estimated in the reactions of dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization and naphthalene hydrogenation. A catalyst with the ratio Mo: W = 1: 1 showed the highest activity, and was characterized by the maximum concentration of atomic groups Ni–Mo–W–S, Mo–S, and W–S.     

Synthesis of Ni2P promoted trimetallic NiMoW/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for diesel oil hydrotreatment

The Ni2P promoted and γ-Al2O3 supported NiMoW sulfide catalyst consisting of 4 wt% Mo, 22 wt% W, 2 wt% Ni and 2.5 wt% Ni2P was synthesized by a co-impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that Ni2P, Ni, Mo and W species were highly dispersed over γ-Al2O3. The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) showed that the presence of Ni2P brought a strong promotional effect on the HDS activity, which was further confirmed by the HDS and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of diesel oil under industrial conditions. The enhancement in HDN activity and stability by Ni2P addition could be attributed more to the effect of new active sites of Ni2P than that of acidity modification. The as-prepared Ni2P-NiMoW/γ-Al2O3 catalyst showed better hydrotreating performance than NiMoW/γ-Al2O3 and commercial catalysts.     

Studies of chemical–catalytic formation of Ni–Re (Mo,W)–B alloys

The paper briefly reviews the studies of the processes of formation of Ni–Re–B, Ni–Mo–B, and Ni–W–B triple alloys using the method of chemical–catalytic reduction of metal ions and their properties.     

Sulfide catalysts for hydropurification of oil fractions

Analysis of the literature on catalysis by transition metal sulfides is carried out. Problems which now can be considered solved, and unsolved problems are marked. Catalysts such as Co(Ni)Mo(W) on thermostable oxides are considered. Arguments in support of the hypothesis about formation in the oxide precursors of all this type catalysts of heteropoly compounds (HPC) of Mo(W) are considered. The formation of HPC occurs at the hydrothermal stage of the synthesis of the catalysts under contact of Mo(W) atoms and complexing agents in an acid medium. The role of the complexing agent can be played by atoms of the support (Si, Al, Ti, etc.) or atoms of the modifying additive.     

Electrochemical behaviour of the LiF-(CaF2)-La2O3 system

The electrochemical behaviour of the LiF-La₂O₃ and LiF-CaF₂-La₂O₃ systems was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. Several types of working electrodes (spectrographic pure graphite, W, Mo, Ni, Cu) were used. It was found that chemical reactions take place in the system during the dissolution of lanthanum oxide. The reduction of lithium cations occurred at the most positive potential from the species formed in the melt on ‘inert’ cathodes (W, Mo). The reactive cathodes (Cu, Ni) allowed the lanthanum deposition with depolarisation.