醇类在芳烃溶剂中的缔合溶液热力学

用凝固点降低法测量了在C1-C4醇类的各异构物分别存在下, 苯和对二甲苯溶剂的活度系数γB。用Wiehe-Bagley(WB)模型对数据进行了处理, 得到各醇的自缔合常数KA及无限稀活度系数γA。在同一溶剂中, KA依下列顺序减小: 甲醇>乙醇>正丙醇>正丁醇; 正丙醇>异丙醇; 正丁醇>异丁醇>叔丁醇≥仲丁醇。各醇在对二甲苯中的KA均大于相应的在苯中的KA。     

气液色谱法测量醇类在惰性溶剂中的无限稀热力学函数

用气液色谱法测量了在不同温度下C_1～C_4醇类的各种异构物在C_(16)～C_(23)正构烷烃、角鲨烷,和角鲨烯中的无限稀活度系数γ_i,偏摩尔过量焓、偏摩尔过量熵。在各种溶剂中γ_i、均大于1,在同一溶剂中γ_i依下列次序减小: 甲醇>乙醇>正丙醇>正丁醇; 正丙醇>异丙醇; 正丙醇>异丁醇>仲丁醇>叔丁醇同一种醇在角鲨烯中的γ_i较在角鲨烷中为低。异构醇类的低于正构醇类。所测的有随的增加而增加的趋势。     

煤-溶剂相互作用参数测定及在溶胀剂选择中的应用

通过反气相色谱(IGC)技术,在160~200℃的温度区间范围,测定了原煤与44种有机溶剂间相互作用参数。通过煤-溶剂相互作用参数判据进一步判定煤在丙酮、戊酮、乙醚、异丙醇、仲丁醇、异丁醇、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、1,4-二氧六环、环氧丙烷、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、乙腈、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯及丙酸甲酯中溶胀显著;在丁酮、噻吩、四氢呋喃溶剂中溶胀效果一般;煤在正构烷烃、芳烃、丁醚、叔丁醇、丙酸乙酯、环己酮、己烯、辛烯中溶胀不显著。采用体积法研究了煤在所选溶剂中的溶胀行为,总体呈现煤在极性溶剂中的溶胀度较大,而在非极性溶剂中溶胀度较小规律。结果表明,煤在有机溶剂中的实际溶胀效果与煤-溶剂相互作用参数判据得出结论基本一致。     

酚类在芳烃溶剂中的缔合溶液热力学

用凝固点降低法测量了对甲酚、间甲酚、邻甲酚、2,4-二甲酚、2,6-二甲酚以及对甲酚+间甲酚、对甲酚+邻甲酚、间甲酚+邻甲酚、2,4-二甲酚+2,6-二甲酚的1:1摩尔比混合物等为溶质, 溶剂为苯或对二甲苯的活度系数, 用Wiehe-Bagley型的连续缔合模型对数据进行了处理, 得到了各种酚的自缔合常效K_A. 在同一溶剂中, K_A依下列顺序减小: 对甲酚>间甲酚>邻甲酚; 2,4-二甲酚>2,6-二甲酚. 各混合酚的表观K_A 介于两种纯酚的K_A之间.     

不同醇类对磷钨酸催化超临界醇解液化木屑的影响

以可溶解于醇类的磷钨酸为催化剂,在超临界醇体系下液化木屑,探讨甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇等不同醇类溶剂对木屑醇解液化的影响,同时采用FT-IR和GC-MS等对液化产物进行了表征分析。结果表明,反应压力和溶剂的极性大小对木屑的液化效率以及液化产物影响显著。甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇反应体系的液化率和主要液化产物酯类化合物的含量比率,分别为54.75%和43.759%、90.29%和23.531%、85.90%和41.761%、89.15%和28.619%,特别在甲醇体系中,乙酰丙酸甲酯的含量高达33.374%;在异丙醇体系中酚类化合物可达到24.342%;醛类化合物只出现在甲醇体系中。在正丙醇体系中没有酚类产物,表明极性最小的正丙醇,提供很少的H*,更不容易将木质素降解。     

醇水溶液光催化脱氢的结构效应和活性顺序

本文认为在一定反应条件下,醇类及其水溶液光催化脱氢其活性顺序主要取决于反应速率控制步骤。实验表明,可见光照机械混合Pt/CdS或化学沉积Pd/CdS的50℃醇水溶液的光催化脱氢活性顺序为异丙醇>乙醇>正丙醇>甲醇>>叔丁醇>丙烯醇>丙炔醇≈0。在认定本文之条件下的反应速率控制步骤是在烷氧负离子捕获光生空穴而后α-H脱落的前提下,从各种醇α碳上的结构效应结合能态的量化计算得出理论预测的活性顺序与实验结果完全一致,并对前人提出的不同活性顺序之可能原因作出解释。     

合成介质对稀土铽-邻苯二甲酸有机配合物荧光强度的影响

在不同介质(依次为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇)中合成了邻苯二甲酸Tb3+稀土二元配合物. 利用元素分析和红外光谱分析等对配合物的组成和结构进行了表征. 荧光光谱结果表明, 直链醇作为合成介质时配合物的荧光强度大小顺序依次为: 甲醇>乙醇>正丙醇>正丁醇. 同时该配合物在2~300 K范围内测定的变温磁化率说明该配合物具有反铁磁性.     

〆,β-联苯双酯对映体在纤维素类手性固定相上的高效液相色谱法直接拆分——流动相改性剂对保留时间和立体选择性的影响

涂敷纤维素 -三 ( 3 ,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯 ) ( CDMPC)于自制的球形氨丙基硅胶上 ,制备了手性固定相 .用该固定相首次直接拆分了一系列外消旋联苯双酯类保肝药物 .考察了伯醇 (甲醇 /乙醇、乙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇和正戊醇 )和仲醇 ( 2 -丙醇、 2 -丁醇和 2 -戊醇 )及叔丁醇等流动相改性剂对保留时间和立体选择性的影响 .结果表明 ,流动相中不同醇对各样品的保留时间和立体选择性有不同程度的影响 ,理想的手性拆分可通过改变流动相中醇类改性剂来实现     

茚虫威对映体分离及手性拆分热力学研究

在纤维素-三-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)(Chiralcel OD-H)手性柱上对茚虫威对映体的分离进行了研究。考察了流动相中改性剂种类和浓度、流速及柱温对分离效果的影响,并对茚虫威对映体与固定相之间保留和分离的热力学机理进行了讨论。结果表明,以正己烷-异丙醇(85∶15)为流动相,柱温为25℃,流速1.0 mL.min-1时,茚虫威对映体能获得基线分离,分离因子(α)和分离度(Rs)分别为1.50和3.49;分别以5种体积分数均为15%的醇改性正己烷,分离因子的变化顺序为:异丁醇异丙醇乙醇正丁醇正丙醇,正丙醇的分离因子为1.67,证明醇的极性和空间位阻同时影响拆分效果;在0.4~1.1 mL.min-1的流速范围内,分离度(Rs)随着流速的增大而逐渐减小;当柱温为15~35℃时,分离因子随着温度的升高呈降低趋势,两对映体的lnα与1/T呈良好的线性关系,手性拆分过程受焓的控制。     

用磷钼钨酸銨纸色层分离碱金属离子

在磷钼钨酸铵交换纸上,以0.6M硝酸铵浓度,0.5M硝酸浓度,有机溶剂与水之比为1:1作展开剂时,观察了甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、丙酮和乙二醇对碱金属离子比移值(Rf值)的影响,认为甲醇和乙醇分离效果较好,在甲醇或乙醇与水的比例1:1-1:5的展开剂中,锂、钠、钾、■、铯均可一次分离;锂、钠比移植之差随甲醇或乙醇浓度增加而略增。     

Size Exclusion Chromatography of Associating Systems. I. The Theoretical Model

Abstract

Block copolymers in dilute solutions in selective solvents form micelles via closed association which is characterized by equilibrium between unimer and n-mer. A simple theoretical model has been proposed describing the behavior of such a system in the size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Chromatograms have been calculated varying association number and relative rates of association and dissociation. The results are compared with those of Coll's theory for SEC of surfactants and Gilbert's theory of associating systems.     

N-甲基甲酰胺与醇的氢键相互作用

Amides are used as synthetic reagents and as starting mate- rials for the preparation of insecticides and pharmaceuticals products[1]. Alcohols are industrially and scientifically important organic compounds, and their physical and chemical properties are…     

脂肪族α-氨基酸疏水自缔合作用的流动微量热法研究

建立了水溶液中脂肪族α- 氨基酸疏水自缔合相互作用的化学模型, 根据模型方程对由精密流动微量热法测得的α- 氨基酸水溶液的稀释焓数据进行回归分析, 得到等步自缔合作用的平衡常数(K)、焓变(ΔHm)和熵变(ΔSm)等热力学参数, 发现焓、熵之间存在很好的补偿关系. 同时计算了溶液中水的偏摩尔过量熵(SE1), 并根据脂肪族α- 氨基酸的水化模型对结果进行了讨论. 建立的化学模型参数能在一定程度上解释McMillan- Mayer模型中的同系焓作用系数的物理意义.     

Analytical theories of transport in concentrated electrolyte solutions from the MSA

Ion transport coefficients in electrolyte solutions (e.g., diffusion coefficients or electric conductivity) have been a subject of extensive studies for a long time. Whereas in the pioneering works of Debye, Hückel, and Onsager the ions were entirely characterized by their charge, recent theories allow specific effects of the ions (such as the ion size dependence or the pair association) to be obtained, both from simulation and from analytical theories. Such an approach, based on a combination of dynamic theories (Smoluchowski equation and mode-coupling theory) and of the mean spherical approximation (MSA) for the equilibrium pair correlation, is presented here. The various predicted equilibrium (osmotic pressure and activity coefficients) and transport coefficients (mutual diffusion, electric conductivity, self-diffusion, and transport numbers) are in good agreement with the experimental values up to high concentrations (1-2 mol L(-1)). Simple analytical expressions are obtained, and for practical use, the formula are given explicitly. We discuss the validity of such an approach which is nothing but a coarse-graining procedure.     

在盐的水溶液中非电解质活度系数的研究(Ⅺ)——正丙酸和正丁酸在苯和盐水溶液间的分配

在25℃下分别测定正丙酸和正丁酸在苯相和纯水相中的分配比,以及在苯相和盐水溶液中的分配比,从而求出酸的活度系数。所用的盐有氯化锂、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化锶、氯化钡、溴化锂、溴化钠、溴化钾等八种。对弱酸算出了未解离部分的活度系数。在所用盐浓度(0-1mol/l)范围内,作lgf_u-C_s图,都呈直线。比较直线的斜率,对正丙酸为:SrCl₂>BaCl₂>LiCl≈NaCl>LiBr≈NaBr>KCl>KBr。对正了酸为:SrCl₂>BaCl₂>NaCl≈LiC₁>NaBr≈KCl≈LiBr>KBr.指出小离子盐对小脂肪酸盐效应主要是静电力作用。     

Hydrogen bonding interaction between N-methylformamide and alcohols

The hydrogen bonding interactions between N-methylformamide and primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols have been studied using the FTIR spectroscopic method. The most likely association complex between alcohol and N-methylformamide is the 1:1 stoichiometric complex formed between the hydroxyl group of alcohol and the carbonyl group of N-methylformamide. The formation constant of the 1:1 complexes has been calculated using the Nash method. It appears that the primary alcohols have larger formation constant compared with the secondary and tertiary alcohols. The results showed that the proton-donating ability of the alcohols decreased in the order: primary>secondary>tertiary, and that the association constant increased with the increase in carbon chain of the alkyl group of alcohols.     

Vapor-liquid equilibria for benzyl alcohol with carbon dioxide, ethane, or nitrogen at elevated pressures

Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) phase compositions were measured for the binary systems of benzyl alcohol with carbon dioxide, ethane, or nitrogen at temperatures from 333.15 K to 453.15 K and pressures up to 19 MPa. Henry's constants were calculated from the isothermal equilibrium data. The new VLE data were correlated by the Patel-Teja equations of state with three different types of mixing rules. In general, using the one-fluid, two-parameter van der Waals mixing rule yielded the best representation for the investigated systems. The validity of a generalized Soave model was also tested with the equilibrium data of carbon dioxide + benzyl alcohol.     

不同方法制备的Cu－Co低碳醇合成催化剂的比较研究Ⅰ．吸附态CO的红外光谱

本文并行考察了用溶剂化金属原子分散（ＳＭＡＤ）、浸渍、共沉淀三种方法制备的Ｃｕ－Ｃｏ催化剂的一氧化碳加氢反应（５６３Ｋ，６ＭＰａ，Ｈ２／ＣＯ＝２）性能及吸附态ＣＯ的红外光谱．结果表明：（１）三种催化剂上反应产物均为Ｃ１－Ｃ５正构醇及正构烃，总醇的选择性依下列次序递增：ＳＭＡＤ＜浸渍＜共沉淀；（２）表面低配位钻中心上多重吸附态ＣＯ的红外吸收峰的面积分数，对不同催化剂的变化规律，与醇选择性的变化一致；（３）高温还原和焙烧均使醇选择性下降，同时使表面低配位Ｃｏ０中心减少．据此讨论了ＣＯ插入中心，活性结构及制备方法的影响．