等离子体二维密度重建的影响因素

利用超强超短激光脉冲产生的高能质子束的库仑能量损失可以重建稠密等离子体的二维密度分布，使用同时迭代重建算法（SIRT算法）研究等离子体二维密度重建的影响因素.研究等离子体密度梯度、密度量级和质子束入射能量对重建误差的影响，分析质子束成像探测等离子体密度之前获得等离子体大概方位的重要性，通过数据拟合确定了能量噪声和重建误差之间的解析关系式.     

质子束尾波场中利用密度跃变实现电子捕获及加速的粒子模拟

 用2D3V粒子模拟程序研究了高能质子束驱动的尾波场加速电子的方案,及其在此方案中应用背景等离子体密度的跃变致使等离子体电子自注入加速相区的可能性。粒子模拟结果显示:密度跃变实现了电子的自注入,并且捕获的电子束处于加速相位,等离子体尾波场纵向电场对捕获的电子束起箍缩作用;捕获的电子束随着传输,表现为窄能谱分布;同时随着密度跃变大小的增大,可以增加等离子体电子的捕获。     

低能质子环束流与等离子体相互作用过程的一维混合模拟研究

运用一维混合模拟方法, 研究了垂直于等离子体磁场入射的低能质子环束流与等离子体的相互作用过程. 结果显示: 由质子环束流激发的等离子体波首先经历指数式快速增长的线性阶段, 随后出现饱和、衰减和相对稳定的非线性阶段. 在线性阶段, 质子束投掷角散射使波模共振作用迅速减弱, 波的增长很快出现饱和. 随后, 持续的投掷角散射, 使入射质子在速度空间从环状分布渐变为均匀分布, 同时初始阶段的右手共振不稳定性逐渐消失, 在最后相对稳定阶段只存在阿尔芬波. 研究发现, 背景等离子体的有效加热始于非线性阶段, 等离子体波的形成有助于将质子束动能转换为背景等离子体的热能.     

束—等离子体互作用产生的高功率微波辐射

相对论性电子束-等离子体装置是一种具有很大潜力的新型高功率微波源。本文对电子束密度与等离子体密度之比n_b/n_p≈0.01时,束-等离子体相互作用产生频率为ω_p的微波辐射过程进行了研究。利用线性和非线性(扎哈罗夫)色散关系,对存在的主要不稳定性进行了分析。着重推导了不稳定静电波转变为电磁波的参量衰变色散关系,由此得到了束-等离子体系统的辐射率。最后,对能量由电子束动能转移到等离子体波,再转变为电磁辐射和加热等离子体的过程建立了数理模型。     

高能质子束探测稠密不均匀氘氚等离子体密度的SIRT算法

应用同时迭代重建算法(SIRT)重建不均匀稠密氘氚等离子体的密度分布.在二维等离子体密度重建的数值模拟中,探测稠密等离子体的高能质子束可以由强激光和等离子体相互作用产生,且质子束经过稠密等离子体后的能量损失是比较重要的.如果已知入射质子束和出射质子束的能量分布,可以在出射质子束能量测量的误差水平未知的情况下用SIRT算法重建等离子体的密度分布.结果显示,SIRT算法的精确度高于以L-曲线为准则的Tikhonov正则化方法,并可以在数据量不完全时重建密度分布.     

束—等离子体放电中低频等离子体波的非稳定性研究

本文采用非中性冷等离子体模型,研究了沿磁场入射的电子束和等离子体相互作用引起的低频等离子体波的非稳定性。计算表明,在束-等离子体放电情况下,振动频率和增长率都随电子束密度增加而增加,当束电流一定时,它们随l增加而略有增加。l=1时其频率数量级与离子迴旋频率相同。l≥3时,振动频率几乎不随k_z变化,其振动频率和增长率数量级与低混杂振荡频率相同,实质是低混杂漂移非稳定性。理论结果与实验一致。     

分子束穿透托卡马克等离子体的机理

由于分子束分子密度远高于周围等离子体密度,沿托卡马克内的磁力线进入分子束区域的电子因非弹性碰撞而失去部分能量和动量,引起分子束区的电子堆积,形成静电双层,其屏蔽效应是分子束可以较深透入托卡马克等离子体的主要机制。     

太赫兹波在非磁化等离子体中的传输特性研究

本文对太赫兹波在非磁化等离子体中的传输特性进行了理论和实验研究,得到了非磁化等离子体中太赫兹波传输特性随太赫兹波频率、等离子体密度、碰撞频率和厚度的变化规律．发现了一些新的现象：随着太赫兹波频率增加,反射率曲线出现周期性振荡,振荡周期为0．03THz．随着太赫兹波频率增加,振荡幅度增加：随着等离子体密度增加,振荡幅度减小;随着等离子体碰撞频率增加,振荡幅度增加．反射率曲线出现振荡的原因是电磁波在z=0和z=-d界面处的多次反射所致．以激波管为实验平台进行了0．22THz太赫兹波在等离子体中传输特性的实验研究,实验结果和理论结果符合较好．理论和实验结果均表明,采用太赫兹来实现地面与飞行器之间的通信互联是解决黑障问题的可选途径之一．     

基于EAST束发射光谱的中性束衰减特征研究

中性束注入(NBI)是托卡马克装置重要的辅助加热与电流驱动手段,中性原子的离化是决定中性束的加热(能量和粒子沉积剖面)和电流驱动效率的关键环节。通常情况下,利用背景等离子体参数与中性束参数模拟计算快的中性粒子与等离子体的离化,即中性束沉积过程,进而分析托卡马克中性束加热和电流驱动效果。束发射光谱是高能中性粒子注入等离子体后,与等离子体的电子、离子发生碰撞激发,中性粒子退激发过程中产生的一系列特征谱线,其束发射光谱强度受等离子体密度、温度、束能量、束密度等因素影响,可以利用束发射光谱强度变化研究中性束的衰减特性。在EAST托卡马克上通过实验测量中性束粒子与等离子体碰撞激发的光谱强度,分析得到了中性束在不同等离子体密度以及不同中性束能量下的衰减特性,并采用主动束光谱仿真与数值分析软件(SOS)进行了相应的模拟计算,研究表明实验测量与模拟计算结果两者具有较好的一致性,这验证了通过实验测量束发射光谱获取中性束衰减特征的可行性。     

低能质子束在氢等离子体中的能损研究

实验测量了100 keV的质子束穿过部分电离氢等离子体靶后的能量损失. 等离子体靶由气体放电方式产生, 其自由电子密度在10¹⁶ cm^-3量级, 电子温度约1–2 eV, 维持时间在微秒量级. 研究结果表明: 质子束在等离子体靶中的能量损失与自由电子密度密切相关且明显大于在同密度条件下中性气体靶中的能量损失; 在自由电子密度达到峰值处, 通过实验结果计算得到此时的自由电子库仑对数约为10.8, 与理论计算结果符合较好, 该值比Bethe公式给出的中性气体靶中束缚电子库仑对数高4.3倍,相应的能损增强因子为2.9.     

Plasma-wakefield acceleration of an intense positron beam

Plasma wakefields are both excited and probed by propagating an intense 28.5 GeV positron beam through a 1.4 m long lithium plasma. The main body of the beam loses energy in exciting this wakefield while positrons in the back of the same beam can be accelerated by the same wakefield as it changes sign. The scaling of energy loss with plasma density as well as the energy gain seen at the highest plasma density is in excellent agreement with simulations.     

An efficient algorithm for strongly focused optical beams propagating in Kerr media

Due to the lens-induced quadratic phase factor from converging lens, the beam-propagation method (BPM) is computationally expensive in simulations by the sampling theorem for lens-induced strongly focused beams propagating in nonlinear media. In the paper, we present a modified approach (MA) based on the separate envelope and lens-induced phase to only compute the envelope in the whole focal region. Then we demonstrate the correctness of MA analytically by the propagation of focused Gaussian beam and numerically by that of focused Super-Gaussian beam in linear media. Numerical simulations of strongly focused beams based on MA are in good agreement with those of BPM when propagating in Kerr media. The sampling requirement of MA which is similar with no lens-induced phase beam is lower than that of BPM which increases with the lens-induced chirp parameter and the propagation distance. Thus the computational efficiency can be greatly improved.     

Improving the beam propagation method for TM polarization

The beam propagation method (BPM) has been widely used in numerical simulations of optical waveguides that vary slowly in the propagation direction. However, when BPM is used over a large propagation distance, a significant amplitude error in the coefficient of the leading propagating mode can be observed. Energy-conserving corrections and the single scatter approximation have been used to improve the accuracy of the BPM.     

激光等离子体相互作用中的两级质子加速（英文）北大核心CSCD

研究了激光辐射压驱动的两级质子加速的相关问题。当超短超强激光脉冲与处在背景等离子体前方的薄固体平靶相互作用时,在固体靶后部形成一个电子层-离子层组成的双层结构。在激光的不断推进下,双层结构在背景等离子体里以一定速度传播,可以看成运动在背景等离子体中的电场。这样,在背景等离子体中的质子被这个运动电场捕获并能加速到很高的能量。通过二维PIC模拟方法和理论分析研究了质子加速的相关问题。研究结果表明,被加速质子的最大能量达到20GeV。     

Circular partially coherent flattened Gaussian beam

An alternative theoretical model called circular partially coherent flattened Gaussian beam (FGB) is developed to describe a circular partially coherent beam with a flat-topped spatial profile. Explicit expression for the propagation factor of a circular partially coherent FGB is derived. We drive the analytical formulae for the cross-spectral density and mean-squared beam width of a circular partially coherent FGB propagating through a paraxial ABCD optical system based on the generalized Collins formula. The intensity, spreading and directionality properties of a circular partially coherent FGB propagating in free space are studied as numerical examples. The propagation properties of a circular partially coherent FGB agree well with those of a partially coherent flat-topped beam reported in the literature. Thus, our model provides an alternative but reliable model for describing a circular partially coherent beam with flat-topped profile.     

Propagation of partially coherent controllable dark hollow beams with various symmetries in turbulent atmosphere

Normalized intensity distribution, the complex degree of coherence and power in the bucket for partially coherent controllable dark hollow beams (DHBs) with various symmetries propagating in atmospheric turbulence are derived using tensor method and investigated in detail. Analytical results show that, after sufficient propagation distance, partially coherent DHBs with various symmetries eventually become circular Gaussian beam (without dark hollow) in turbulent atmosphere, which is different from its propagation properties in free space. The partially coherent DHBs return to a circular Gaussian beam rapidly for stronger turbulence, higher coherence, lower beam order, smaller p or smaller beam waist width. Another interesting observation is that the profile of the complex degree of coherence attains a similar profile to that of the average intensity of the related beam propagating in a turbulent atmosphere. Besides the laser power focusablity of DHBs are better than that of Gaussian beam propagating in turbulent atmosphere.     

Shaping the beam profile of a partially coherent beam by a phase aperture

By use of a tensor method, an analytical formula for a partially coherent Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) beam truncated by a circular phase aperture propagating through a paraxial ABCD optical system is derived. The propagation properties of a GSM beam truncated by a circular phase aperture in free space are studied numerically. It is found that the circular phase aperture can be used to shape the beam profile of a GSM beam and generate partially coherent dark hollow or flat-topped beam, which is useful in many applications, e.g., optical trapping, free-space optical communication, and material thermal processing. The propagation factor of a GSM beam truncated by a circular phase aperture is also analyzed.     

Optimization of laser propagation in optical-field-ionization plasmas for X-ray laser generation

Optical-field-ionization X-ray lasers are investigated numerically with a three-dimensional wave propagation code considering the effects of photoionization, energy depletion due to ionization, and refraction on pump laser pulses in spatially and temporally varied plasmas. By focusing the pump laser with small f-number optics at the optimal position, simulations show that diffraction and ionization-induced refraction in plasmas are compensated to keep the pump beam propagating at the optimal size for a longer distance. An amplification length as long as 5 mm can be achieved in Pd-like xenon and Ni-like krypton X-ray lasers at a pump energy of 160 mJ in 50-fs and 30-fs pulses, respectively. The significant reduction of the pump energy is a desirable step toward low-threshold and practical high-repetition-rate operations. PACS 42.55.Vc; 52.50.Jm     

部分相干双曲余弦-高斯光束的传输特性和空间整形

 通过加入高斯项的空间相干度，引入部分相干双曲余弦-高斯（ChG）光束，推导出部分相干ChG光束通过近轴ABCD光学系统传输的解析表达式，并用以研究其传输特性和空间整形。结果表明，部分相干ChG光束的光强分布不能保持传输不变性，其光强分布不仅与传输距离和离心参数有关，而且还与空间相干参数有关。在传输距离固定时，适当改变部分相干ChG 光束的离心参数和空间相干参数，可实现光束的空间整形。光束质量因子随空间相干性的增大和离心参数的减小而减小。高斯-谢尔模型光束和完全相干ChG光束可作为部分相干ChG光束的特例处理。     

椭圆高斯光束在单轴晶体中垂直于光轴的传输特性

基于光束在各向异性介质中的傍轴矢量传输理论,导出了椭圆高斯光束在各向异性单轴晶体中垂直于光轴的传输公式,并利用此解析式进行数值计算和分析,研究了各向异性介质对x方向偏振的椭圆高斯光束偏振特性的影响. 研究表明,晶体的各向异性对光束的偏振和对称性有较大影响. 关键词： 椭圆高斯光束 单轴晶体 各向异性 传输