Boundary Conditions of Wigner-Seitz Cell in Inner Crust of Neutron Stars with Relativistic Mean Field Approach

The microscopic structure of the Wigner-Seitz （W-S） cell in the inner crust of neutron stars is investigated with the relativistic mean field （RMF） approach. The W-S cell is composed of a cluster of neutrons and protons localized in a region around the centre and surrounded by a neutron gas of approximately uniform density. In order to generate the density of the W-S cell, appropriate boundary conditions in the calculation of the single-particle wavefunctions are necessary. We emphasize on the choice of the boundary conditions in the RMF approach. Three kinds of boundary conditions are suggested. The properties of the W-S cell with the three kinds of boundary conditions are investigated. The neutron density distributions in the RMF and Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov （HFB） models are compared. It is found that the neutron gas densities of the W-S cell in the RMF model is higher than those obtained in the HFB model.     

质子和中子在硅中位移损伤等效性计算

基于蒙特卡罗软件Geant4,探讨质子与硅的库仑散射和核反应及中子与硅的核反应产生反冲原子沉积非电离能量的过程,建立质子和中子在硅中的非电离能量阻止本领计算方法。在此方法中,描述了原子间库仑散射的物理过程,模拟带电粒子与晶格原子之间的屏蔽库仑散射。计算得到不同能量质子和中子在硅中因库仑散射和核反应产生反冲原子的非电离能量沉积及阻止本领的等效性,计算结果与中子ASTM标准及文献计算得到的质子数据符合很好。     

ICF中子产额测量中统计涨落分析及计算

 塑料闪烁探测器通常用来测量氘氘、氘氚聚变中子产额。中子在闪烁体中产生的质子数的统计涨落及质子在闪烁体中沉积能量的统计涨落为测量结果引入了两项不确定度分量。以氘氚聚变中子为例,分析了这两种统计涨落的概率密度函数的计算方法,该计算方法也适用于其它能量的单能快中子和塑料闪烁体作用的相应计算。     

Pairing correlations in nickel isotopes

The interchange of superconducting character of protons and neutrons in going from ⁶⁰Ni to ⁶²Ni indicates that the conventional approach of assuming the pairing correlations only in neutrons with shell-closure for protons is not valid.     

Calculation of double mass differences for near-magic nuclei on the basis of a semimicroscopic model

Double mass differences between nuclei having a magic number of protons (neutrons) and their neighbors differing by one or two protons (neutrons) have been calculated on the basis of a semimicroscopic model that has been proposed recently for the problem of nuclear pairing. A dominant term of the effective nucleonnucleon interaction has been calculated on the basis of the realistic Argonne nucleon-nucleon potential v18. It has been supplemented with a moderately small phenomenological term that contains one universal parameter common to protons and neutrons. Double mass differences have been calculated for proton neighbors of the lead-isotope chain (Z = 82) and for neutron neighbors of N = 82 isotones. Corrections to the model that are caused by the contribution of low-lying surface vibrations (phonons) have been estimated.     

Die Spektren der Photoneutronen aus O18 und N14

Water enriched to 97% in O¹⁸ and liquid nitrogen were irradiated with 30,5 MeV bremsstrahlung. The energy distribution of emitted neutrons between 2,5 MeV and 20 MeV was measured via the recoil protons in a stilbene scintillator. The energy spectrum of photoneutrons from N¹⁴ shows maxima at 3,0, 6,5 and 11 MeV, whereas that of neutrons from O¹⁸ contains only indication of structure. For both nuclei emission of neutrons seems to proceed mainly through transitions into excited levels of the final nuclei.     

Die Energieverteilung der Neutronen aus einer Po-α-Be-Quelle

The neutrons from a Po-α-Be source were detected via the recoil protons in a stilbene scintillator. The pulse height spectrum of the scintillations produced in the stilbene crystal by the recoil protons is analysed to yield the incident neutron energy distribution. Theγ-ray background was eliminated through pulse shape discrimination. Separately the spectrum of neutrons coincident withγ-rays, i.e. of neutrons from the Be⁹(α,n)C^12* reaction, has been determined. The resulting spectra are compared to previous measurements. The structure of the spectra is not compatible with an isotropic angular distribution of the neutrons relative to theα-direction. Furthermore it could be shown that the fraction of reactions leading to the 7,65 MeV state of C¹² is only about 10^?3.     

Spectra and multiplicities of n, p, d, t, K, π from antiproton annihilation in Cu and U

Inclusive energy spectra of neutrons, protons, deuterons, tritons, charged kaons and pions following antiproton annihilation at rest in copper and uranium have been measured. The determined multiplicity charged kaons is compared to recent measurements and indicates an enhancement of strangeness production. Ratios of directly emitted neutrons and protons have been determined for copper and uranium to 3.0±0.6 and 3.2±0.5, respectively.     

Bismuth-fission detectors for high energy nucleons: II. Proton and neutron responses

A critical requirement for the ²⁰⁹Bi-fission detector is the knowledge of its response as a function of energy for both neutrons and protons. For this reason, stacks of ²⁰⁹Bi-fission detectors have been exposed to proton beams of 100 and 150 MeV at the Paul Sherrer Institute. Similar stacks have been exposed to neutron beams of 100 and 160 MeV at the Svedberg Laboratory from Uppsala University. The calibrations data with neutrons have been compared with those obtained with protons of the same energies. This comparison has proved that the response of ²⁰⁹Bi-fission detector for neutrons is two to three times smaller than that for protons at least in the range of nucleon energy up to 150 MeV.     

Superfluidity in the inner crust of neutron stars

We present a mean-field quantum calculation of the specific heat in the inner crust of neutron stars, taking into account the inhomogeneous character of the system, in which a lattice of neutron-rich nuclei coexists with a gas of unbound neutrons.Received: 10 December 2002, Published online: 24 February 2004PACS: 21.60.-n Nuclear structure models and methods - 26.60. + c Nuclear matter aspects of neutron stars - 97.60.Jd Neutron stars     

Hyperfine magnetic anomaly in the atomic spectra of rare-earth elements

Hyperfine-splitting constants in the optical spectra of rare-earth elements, Nd, Eu, Gd, and Lu, were measured using the laser-induced resonance fluorescence in a low-divergence atomic beam. Values of the hyperfine magnetic anomaly for different atomic levels were determined by comparing the ratios of the magnetic dipole constants of neighboring isotopes with odd numbers of protons or neutrons. The relation of these values to the special features of the atomic and nuclear structure of the investigated elements is discussed.     

Measurement of the average neutrons yield from 250 MeV protons absorbed in a lead target

Neutron yield from 250 MeV protons accelerated by the ITEPh synchrotron was measured in a lead target 5 cm diameter and 10 cm long. The observed total yield is 2.56±0.27 neutrons/proton, where the evaporation and cascade components are 2.30±0.25 and 0.26±0.11 neutrons/proton respectively.     

What do electron and neutrino experiments tell us about nuclear effects in the deuteron?

We have performed an analysis of data from electron, neutrino and antineutrino scattering experiments on hydrogen and deuterium within the framework of the quark-parton model. The data indicate that the distortion of the structure functions of the neutrons and protons in the deuteron are small. This is in contrast with the observed distortion of the structure functions of nucleons bound in a heavy nucleus such as iron. These results support the hypothesis that the “EMC Effect” is related to the density of nucleons in a nucleus.     

Specific heat of protons in non-spherical nuclei

We study the role played by the protons clustered in non-spherical neutron star crust nuclei in terms of contribution to the total fermionic specific heat. We find that in the deeper part of the crust protons play a non marginal role on the thermodynamical properties of the crust.Communicated by: B. Povh     

Ab initio calculation of double mass differences for near-magic nuclei

Double mass differences between nuclei with a magic number of protons (neutrons) and their neighbors differing from them by one or two protons (neutrons) are calculated within the semimicroscopic model proposed recently for the nuclear pairing problem. The main term in the effective nucleon interaction is calculated on the basis of the realistic Argonne nucleon-nucleon potential v₁₈. This term is supplemented with a small phenomenological term involving one universal parameter common to protons and neutrons. The double mass differences are calculated for the proton neighbors of the Z = 82, 50, 28, and 20 lead, tin, nickel, and calcium isotopic chains and for the neutron neighbors of the N = 126, 82, 50, and 20 isotonic chains. The corrections to the model that are induced by the contribution of low-lying surface vibrations (phonons) are discussed.     

Measurement of the neutron F2 structure function via spectator tagging with CLAS

We report on the first measurement of the F(2) structure function of the neutron from the semi-inclusive scattering of electrons from deuterium, with low-momentum protons detected in the backward hemisphere. Restricting the momentum of the spectator protons to ?100 MeV/c and their angles to ?100° relative to the momentum transfer allows an interpretation of the process in terms of scattering from nearly on-shell neutrons. The F(2)(n) data collected cover the nucleon-resonance and deep-inelastic regions over a wide range of Bjorken x for 0.65相似文献   

Asymmetry in the scattering of protons on polarized deuterons at 1.21 GeV/c

By using a polarized deuteron target we have measured the asymmetry in the differential cross section for elastic scattering of protons on deuterons and for quasi-elastic scattering of protons on protons bound in deuterons between the two states of opposite polarization, normal to the scattering plane of the initial deuteron. The beam momentum was 1.21 GeV/c. It is checked that the neutrons bound in the deuterons are polarized to approximately 20%.     

Comparison of non-compound neutron and proton emission in 16O induced reactions on 238U at 310 MeV

The emission of energetic neutrons and protons in coincidence with fission fragments was measured for the reactions ²³⁸U(¹⁶O, nf) and ²³⁸U(¹⁶O, pf). Larger cross sections were observed for the emission of high-energy protons than for the emission of high-energy neutrons. The differences in spectral shapes and the implications for the coalescence model are discussed.     

Skyrme–Hartree–Fock方法对Ca同位素基态性质的研究(Ⅱ)中子晕、中子皮与经典禁区内粒子

用Skyrme-Hartree-Fock模型研究了Ca同位素的纯中子物质的厚度和经典禁区内粒子数随同位旋的变化.定义了零粒子半径和单粒子半径,并用这两种半径定义方法研究纯中子物质厚度后发现:纯中子物质的厚度明显地受到壳结构的影响,零粒子半径和单粒子半径是探讨中子晕比较合适的物理量.经典禁区内质子数和中子数的差别可以作为定义中子晕或中子皮的指标.     

On the difference between proton and neutron spin-orbit splittings in nuclei

The latest experimental data on nuclei at ¹³²Sn permit us for the first time to determine the spin-orbit splittings of neutrons and protons in identical orbits in this neutron-rich doubly magic region and compare the case to that of ²⁰⁸Pb. Using the new results, which are now consistent for the two neutron-rich doubly magic regions, a theoretical analysis defines the isotopic dependence of the mean-field spin-orbit potential and leads to a simple explicit expression for the difference between the spin-orbit splittings of neutrons and protons. The isotopic dependence is explained in the framework of different theoretical approaches. Received: 13 February 2002 / Accepted: 20 February 2002