自动顶空-气相色谱法测定手机壳中12种挥发性有机物

采用自动顶空-气相色谱法测定手机壳中12种挥发性有机物。采用毛细管色谱柱分离,FID检测,12种有机物能够很好分离,线性较好,样品加标回收率在90.8%~106.7%范围内,相对标准偏差在4.9%~11%之间,相关系数在0.99以上,检出限为0.01μg/g。对色谱柱、气相色谱运行参数、自动顶空条件进行了优化。方法适合于手机壳中残留有机物测定。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定食用油中15种反式脂肪酸的含量

提出了毛细管气相色谱法测定橄榄油、芝麻油和花生油中的15种反式脂肪酸。样品用异辛烷溶解,与2mol·L-1氢氧化钾的甲醇溶液进行酯化反应,生成的脂肪酸甲酯经强极性聚二氰丙基硅氧烷毛细管气相色谱柱SP-2560分离,用氢火焰离子化检测器检定。在优化的试验条件下,15种反式脂肪酸甲酯的质量浓度在一定范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)和测定下限(10S/N)分别为0.012%(以脂肪计)和0.024%(以脂肪计)。对空白样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在86.6%~109%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在2.0%~4.2%之间。方法用于分析市售橄榄油、芝麻油和花生油中的15种反式脂肪酸,结果与标准方法的测定值相符。     

离子色谱同时测定药物中的四氟硼酸根、对甲基苯磺酸、硫酸根、1,4-丁二磺酸

采用离子色谱法同时测定合成药物中存在的四氟硼酸根、对甲基苯磺酸根、硫酸根、1,4-丁二磺酸根4种离子。对淋洗液及淋洗流速等色谱条件进行了优化,4种离子的分离度好,检测灵敏度高。被测离子的浓度在一定范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r0.999。4种离子测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1%(n=9),加标回收率为98.2%～110.0%。     

离子色谱法测定合成气制烯烃产物中的C_1~C_6有机酸

采用离子色谱建立了合成气制烯烃(SGTO)水相产物和油相产物中C1~C6有机酸的测定方法。对分离条件进行了优化,使用标准样品测定了线性范围和工作曲线,考察了方法的精密度和准确度,确定了SGTO油相产物样品的碱洗条件,并对SGTO水相产物和油相产物样品进行了测定。结果表明:C1~C6有机酸的质量浓度在各自配制的质量浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99。标准溶液的回收率测定表明回收率在95.6%~104.3%之间,5次重复测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.4%~3.6%之间,表明该方法具有良好的准确性和精密度。SGTO油相产物中的加标回收率在91.1%~96.8%之间,5次重复测定的RSD为0.7%~2.3%,准确性可以满足实际分析的需要。实际SGTO水相产物和油相产物中C1~C6有机酸的分析结果表明,SGTO水相产物中C2~C4有机酸含量较高,而SGTO油相产物中C4~C6有机酸含量较高。本研究对SGTO反应研究、催化剂制备、工艺优化以及设备材料的选择具有重要意义。     

离子色谱法测定烟草中的10种阴、阳离子

分别采用NJ-SA-4A324型阴离子色谱柱和US 9633型阳离子色谱柱,用离子色谱法分别同时测定了烟草中的F-、C l-、NO2-、NO3-、PO43-、SO42-6种阴离子和Na 、K 、Mg2 、Ca2 4种阳离子,各离子分离良好,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.14%~1.24%,其中C l-的测定结果与行业标准方法测定结果基本一致。     

气相色谱内标法测定乙烯亚胺反应液

建立了同时测定单乙醇胺气相分子内脱水反应制备乙烯亚胺反应液中原料和产物的气相色谱内标法。以异丙醇胺为内标物,在DB-35毛细管色谱柱上进行分离,氢火焰离子检测器。在选定的试验条件下,样品中各组分能很好地分离,加标回收率在98.6%~101.3%之间,相对标准偏差小于1.1%。     

植醇对牧草中脂肪酸测定的干扰及其消除

通过对牧草脂肪酸的测定,分析气相色谱法直接碱催化甲酯化、碱皂化三氟化硼催化甲酯化2种前处理方法中植醇的干扰情况,优化碱皂化三氟化硼催化的试验条件。实验结果表明,在2种前处理方法中,植醇对牧草脂肪酸的测定均产生干扰,其中直接碱催化甲酯化法干扰较重。80℃是碱皂化三氟化硼催化甲酯化处理牧草的最优水浴温度,能完全去除植醇,且80℃时,脂肪酸的甲酯化效率最高。在添加量为100、500 mg/kg 2种水平中,5种脂肪酸甲酯的平均回收率在87.5%~94.1%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.0%~5.1%之间。改进的方法能消除植醇的干扰,其准确度和精密度能满足牧草脂肪酸测定要求。     

气相色谱法检测M15甲醇汽油燃料尾气排放中甲醛的含量

建立了毛细管柱气相色谱法检测甲醛的方法。在GB/T 18204.26–2000方法基础上对色谱条件如色谱柱、柱温等进行优化。在确定的试验条件下吸附剂上甲醛量在0~20μg范围内与色谱峰面积呈现良好的线性,线性相关系数r2=0.999 7,检出限为0.18μg,重复性测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.6%~3.0%(n=8),回收率为103%~110%。利用该方法对M15甲醇汽油汽车尾气样品进行了检测。该法分离效果好、灵敏度高、检测结果准确。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中的磷脂脂肪酸

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中的磷脂脂肪酸。土壤样品加入氢氧化钾的甲醇溶液中,其中的磷脂脂肪酸经甲酯化后,用正己烷萃取.萃取液采用Agilent DB-5MS色谱柱分离,质谱分析中选用全扫描和选择离子监测模式。26种脂肪酸甲酯的质量浓度在一定范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.001 2~0.295 9mg·L-1之间。加标回收率在108%~115%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在3.2%~6.4%之间。     

气相色谱法测定食品中12种有机酸

采用气相色谱法测定食品中12种有机酸的含量。采用硫酸-甲醇溶液对食品中12种有机酸进行衍生,优化的试验条件如下:(1)硫酸-甲醇溶液(衍生试剂)的体积分数为20%;(2)衍生温度为80℃;(3)衍生试剂的加入量为4.0mL;(4)衍生时间为60min;(5)萃取试剂为三氯甲烷。用Agilent HP-5毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm)分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测。12种有机酸的质量浓度均在一定范围内与其衍生产物的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.023~0.076mg·kg~(-1)。方法用于食品样品的分析,加标回收率为76.0%~107%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.5%~6.9%。     

Rapid analysis of non-esterified fatty acids as methyl esters from different biological specimens by gas chromatography after one-step esterification

A rapid gas chromatographic method for the determination of medium-chain and long-chain free fatty acids (C14:0 to C24:0 fatty acids) from different biological specimens is presented. After a rapid one-step transesterification method in methanol-acetyl chloride (50:1, v/v), fatty acid methyl esters were extracted into n-hexane and analysed on a 15-m Durabond-Wax column within a 12-min chromatographic run. The detection limit is 500 pg per injection.     

超高效液相色谱法测定生物柴油中的11种脂肪酸及脂肪酸甲酯

建立了采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)-蒸发光散射检测器(ELSD)测定生物柴油中11种常见的脂肪酸及脂肪酸甲酯含量的方法。这11种常见的脂肪酸及脂肪酸甲酯为豆蔻酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、油酸、亚麻酸甲酯、硬脂酸、亚油酸甲酯、棕榈酸甲酯、油酸甲酯、芥酸和硬脂酸甲酯。样品经提取后用甲醇溶解,采用Acquity UPLC BEH Phenyl C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)分离,乙腈-水（体积比为3∶1)混合液为流动相进行等度洗脱,采用的ELSD条件为增益80,漂移管温度为45 ℃,载气压力为172 kPa,雾化器为冷却模式,并用外标法进行定量分析。结果表明,在一定的质量浓度范围内,峰面积的对数和质量浓度的对数线性关系良好。与其他检测生物柴油成分的方法相比,该方法简单,分离效果好,速度快,特别是此方法可以同时实现脂肪酸及脂肪酸甲酯的分离,并进行定量分析,能有效测定反应的进行程度,从而满足生物柴油工艺研究的需要。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定烟用甘草提取物中14种活性成分

0.100 0g的甘草提取物样品用10mL的80%(体积分数)甲醇溶液超声提取30min后静置30min,取上清液经0.45μm滤膜过滤。采用高效液相色谱法同时测定滤液中14种活性成分的含量,以Diamonsil Plus C18色谱柱为分离柱,用0.05%(体积分数)磷酸溶液和乙腈以不同比例混合的溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用二极管阵列检测器测定。通过单因素试验和L9(33)正交试验对提取条件进行了优化。14种活性成分的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)为0.02~0.12 mg·L^-1。在3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率为91.7%~143%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.2%~6.0%。     

Capillary gas chromatography combined with high performance liquid chromatography for the structural analysis of olive oil triacylglycerols

The triacylglycerol composition of olive oil samples has been determined by stereospecific analysis after partial hydrolysis with ethyl magnesium bromide, derivatization, preparative chiral HPLC, transesterification, and GC quantitation of fatty acid methyl esters. The data obtained for position sn-2 were compared with those from capillary GC analysis of monoacyl sn-2-glycerols after enzymatic lipolysis of triacylglycerols. The determination of triacylglycerols collected by silver ion HPLC and quantified (as fatty acid methyl esters) by GC, together with direct GC analysis on a polar column, have then furnished a comprehensive picture of the triacylglycerol content of olive oil.     

高效液相色谱法分离和测定小麦中的5种内源激素

建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)用于分离和测定小麦中的吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA₃)、玉米素(ZT)和水杨酸(SA)5种植物内源激素。经过条件优化,选用甲醇作为样品提取溶剂。然后,经石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取,经Sep-Pak C18小柱纯化。液相色谱的分离采用Eclipse XDB-C₁₈ (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)反相色谱柱;流速为1 mL/min;进样量10 μL。检测器波长设置为254 nm; 14.5 min时切换到240 nm; SA洗脱后即18 min时切换回254 nm。流动相A为甲醇,B为乙酸溶液(pH 3.6)。梯度条件为0~7 min, 20%A; 7~10 min, 20%A~28%A; 10~17 min, 28%A; 17~19 min, 28%A~40%A; 19~35 min, 40%A。结果表明,小麦中各激素的分离效果理想,加标回收率达96.9%~98%,相对标准偏差在1.54%~2.29%之间。因此,该方法的建立为快速、准确地分离和测定小麦内源激素提供了可靠的方法。     

New hydrolysis method for extremely small amount of lipids and capillary gas chromatographic analysis as n(O)-tert.-butyldimethylsilyl fatty acid derivatives compared with methyl ester derivatives

The organic basic solution, 1 M tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) in methanol, was employed for the hydrolysis of extremely small amounts of lipids compared to the classical inorganic basic solution, 1 M KOH in ethanol. The hydrolysed fatty acids were derivatized as N(O)-tert.-butyldimethylsilyl (tBDMSi) esters with N-methyl-N-(tert.-butyldimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) and compared with the classical derivatives, the methyl esters, made by the BF3-methanol method. Recoveries of fatty acids determined on the standard fatty acids and soybean oil hydrolysed with TMAH were high: about 1.1-2.1- and 2.0-5.4-times, respectively, in all fatty acids compared with the hydrolysis by KOH regardless of derivatization method. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) on the recoveries of standard fatty acids were less than 5% when hydrolysed with TMAH, regardless of derivatives, but when hydrolysed with KOH, RSDs were more than 5% for most fatty acids, especially for long-chain fatty acids. The RSDs on the recoveries of fatty acids on the soybean oil were also very high in the KOH hydrolysis. Fatty acid compositions of soybean oil were similar in the main fatty acids regardless of hydrolysis methods, but showed slightly different values, depending on the methods of derivatization. RSDs were also very high in the KOH hydrolysis. In view of these results, precision of analysis by KOH hydrolysis was very poor, so we could not rely on the data. On the other hand, the reliability of data by TMAH hydrolysis method was very high, so it is a useful new hydrolysis method for extremely small amounts of lipid samples. Both derivatives of 35 standard fatty acids were successfully separated on a HP-1 nonpolar capillary column. tBDMSi derivatives were completely resolved in 70 min by 295 degrees C. In the methyl ester derivatives it took about 80 min to get satisfying resolution, but these derivatives were completely resolved by 250 degrees C. The sensitivity of tBDMSi derivatives was about 1.5-6.3-times higher than that with methyl ester derivatives. The stability of tBDMSi derivatives was constant for about 144 h except arachidic, docosahexanoic, behenic and heneicosanoic acids, which were stable for only 86 h.     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定保健品中的四种类胡萝卜素

建立了不同剂型保健品中类胡萝卜素的提取方法和同时测定保健品中4种类胡萝卜素含量的高效液相色谱分析方法。采用DiamonsilTM C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5 μm),以乙腈和乙酸乙酯为流动相进行梯度洗脱,洗脱程序：先以100%乙腈洗脱15 min,然后乙酸乙酯的含量在10 min 内从0增加到100%,再以100%乙腈洗脱5 min;流速1 mL/min;采用二极管阵列检测器检测,检测波长为450 nm。以外标法定量,番茄红素、叶黄素、玉米黄素、β-胡萝卜素4种组分的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9994～0.9997,检测限为0.4～0.5g/L。片剂样品、粉状样品、油状样品的加标回收率分别为95.3%～98.7%,93.7%～98.8%,97.1%～99.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为0.89%～2.0%,0.89%～2.8%,0.42%～1.2%。该法简便、快速、准确,是保健品中多种类胡萝卜素定量测定的可靠方法之一。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定生物质乳酸发酵液中有机酸及糖类化合物

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)同时测定生物质乳酸发酵液中有机酸及糖类的分析方法。使用Bio-Rad Aminex HPX-87H色谱柱,以5 mmol/L的H2SO4为流动相,在柱温55 ℃,流速0.6 mL/min条件下,采用示差折光检测器进行检测。结果表明,该方法可在17 min内实现发酵液中各种有机酸和糖类化合物等的完全分离与定量,6种有机酸和3种糖类化合物在0.15～5.19 g/L范围内的线性关系良好,回归方程的线性相关系数在0.9998以上。将该法用于米根霉发酵液的检测,两个水平的加标回收率为96.91%～103.11%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.81%～4.61%。该法适用于微生物发酵液中多种有机酸和糖类的快速、高效分离和定量测定。     

A review of chromatographic characterization techniques for biodiesel and biodiesel blends

This review surveys chromatographic technology that has been applied to the characterization of biodiesel and its blends. Typically, biodiesel consists of fatty acid methyl esters produced by transesterification of plant or animal derived triacylglycerols. Primary attention is given to the determination of trace impurities in biodiesel, such as methanol, glycerol, mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols, and sterol glucosides. The determination of the fatty acid methyl esters, trace impurities in biodiesel, and the determination of the biodiesel content of commercial blends of biodiesel in conventional diesel are also addressed.     

Quantification of trace fatty acid methyl esters in diesel fuel by using multidimensional gas chromatography with electron and chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Measurement of contamination of marine and naval diesel fuels (arising from product mixing or adulteration) with biodiesel or fatty acid methyl esters can be problematic, especially at very low levels. A suitable solution for this task for trace amounts of individual fatty acid methyl esters with resolution and quantification can be achieved by using a multidimensional gas chromatographic approach with electron and chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection. A unique column set comprising a 100 m methyl‐siloxane nonpolar first dimension column and high‐temperature ionic liquid column in the second dimension enabled identification of individual fatty acid methyl esters at below the lowest concentrations required to be reported in a diesel fuel matrix. Detection limits for individual fatty acid methyl esters compounds ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 mg/L, with excellent linearity up to 5000 mg/L and repeatability of the method from 1.3 to 3.2%. The method was applied to the analysis of diesel fuel samples with suspected biodiesel contamination. Contamination at 568 mg/L was calculated for an unknown sample and interpretation of the results permitted the determination of a likely source of the contamination.