苯·四氰乙烯电子施受复合物的量子化学研究 Ⅰ.施受体之间的旋转势垒及键型

本文用EHMO方法对C_6H_6·C_2(CN)_4电子施受复合物的电子结构进行了计算,计算时把C_6H_6·C_2(CN)_4看成一个超级分子.计算结果表明,复合物形成的距离3.6A处于能量变化陡峭和趋于平缓的转折点上。室温下C_6H_6平面相对于C_2(CN)_4平面可以自由旋转,自由旋转势垒～0.01kcal/mol,每旋转360°要克服六重势垒.体系能量低的构型是C_2(CN)_4中C—C键与C_6H_6中某一相对C—C键相互垂直的构型,而不是与C_6H_6中某一相对C—C键相互平行的构型、电荷转移随角度而变化与体系能量随角度而变化的倾向相反,能量的极小值对应于电荷转移的极大值.这说明,在此弱电子施受复合物C_6H_6·C_2(CN)_4中电荷转移仍起着决定性的作用。复合物形成时,C_6H_6上的H来参加电荷转移,表征了π-π复合的特性。     

[(CH3)2NH2]3[NSiMo12O40]·2DMF·4H2O的合成和晶体结构

电荷转移盐;[(CH3)2NH2]3[NSiMo12O40]·2DMF·4H2O的合成和晶体结构     

BaFCl晶体中三价稀土离子Sm~(3+)、Eu~(3+)、Gd~(3+)、Ho~(3+)、Er~(3+)、和Yb~(3+)的电荷转移激发

1962年Jφrgensen提出了精细电子自旋配对能理论(RESPET),计算由配体提供一个电子、将具有4f~q基态的Ln~(3+)还原为具有4f~(q+1)的Ln~(2+)这个电荷转移过程(CT)的能量变化。计算公式为     

给、吸电子基团封端对低聚9,9 -螺双芴光电性质的改进

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)-B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法研究了给、吸电子基团对称和不对称封端对9,9 -螺双芴光电性质的影响. 全优化得到了9,9 -螺双芴封端前后各分子的稳定构型, 分析了各种封端系列的HOMO-LUMO能隙. 结果表明, 以给电子基团噻吩和吸电子基团噁二唑不对称封端作用于9,9 -螺双芴, 能使LUMO能量大幅降低, HOMO能量略有升高, 能隙明显变窄. 不对称封端低聚9,9 -螺双芴分子[T(SBF)_nO, n＝1～4]在相同计算水平下的全优化结果表明吸、给电子基团的电荷比随n的增大而递增, 揭示了给、吸电子基团间存在分子内电荷转移(ICT), 且这种电荷转移在低聚物中得到加强. 计算得到的电离势、电子亲和势、空穴抽取能、电子抽取能和重组能等相关能量, 证明了在主链上形成的载流子传输通道提高了空穴和电子传输的能力. 用TD-DFT和ZINDO方法计算了T(SBF)_nO (n＝1～4)的吸收光谱, 随着n的增大而激发光所需的能量减小, 光谱红移, 吸收强度增大|用CIS/6-31G(d)方法优化得到了不对称封端9,9 -螺双芴S₁激发态构型, 结果表明, 激发态的平面化程度比基态高.     

[Au(PH3)]+修饰的芳香基炔基配合物发光机制的从头计算研究

用从头计算法研究H3PAuC≡CPh(a), H3PAu(C≡C-1,4-C6H4)Ph(b)和H3PAu(C≡C-1,4-C6H4)C≡CPh(c) 3种Au(Ⅰ)配合物的磷光发光性质, 使用MP2和CIS方法分别优化配合物的基态和激发态的几何结构. 计算结果表明, 激发态的电子跃迁减弱了Au与配体的成键作用. 由计算得出3种Au(Ⅰ)配合物的最低能量磷光发射光谱分别为530, 610和615 nm, 皆由A3A′→1A′产生, 属于Au(6p)→C(2p)的电荷转移(MLCT)修饰下的pπ*(C≡C, )→pπ(C≡C, )跃迁本质, 并伴有Au(6p)→Au(5d)的金属中心电荷转移(MCCT)性质. 随着分子增长, 其激发态轨道中Au的p轨道成分减少, 相应的最低能量磷光发射的波长红移.     

几种(C^N)PtIIQ型配合物的电子结构和紫外-可见吸收光谱

在B3LYP/LANL2DZ水平上优化了三种(C^N)PtIIQ 型配合物基态的几何结构, 进行了频率计算, 并采用含时密度泛函(TD-DFT)方法结合极化连续体模型(PCM)计算了目标配合物在CH2Cl2溶液中的电子结构和紫外-可见吸收光谱. 计算值与文献报道值相似. 计算结果表明这三种(C^N)PtIIQ型配合物在可见光区都有强度较大而且宽的吸收峰, 它们的最低能量吸收峰的跃迁具有ILCT(配体内部电荷转移)和部分MLCT(金属向配体的电荷转移)的特征, 不同于PtIIQ2型配合物在多数情况下表现出的ILCT的跃迁性质.     

铋系氧化物超导体晶体结构的模拟

自Michel等人首次在Bi-Sr-Cu-O体系中获得7—22 K的Bi_2Sr_2CuO_6超导相以来, 一类新型的双层铋系超导体引起人们的注意, 研究结果表明超导相的转变温度T_c随CuO_2层数的增加而增高. 因此, 晶体结构和超导性之间的关系是人们注意的一个问题. 铋系超导体的晶体完整性很差, 文献仅给出晶体平均结构的晶胞参数. 本文采用原子经验势方法, 对Bi_2Sr_2Ca_(n-1)Cu_nO_(2n+4)(n=1,2,3,4)的理想晶体结构作了模拟计算. 计算了单胞的结构参数和原子的位置参数. 计算表明: Cu-O(3)的原子间距和CuO-BiO的层间距离随n增加而减小. 根据电荷转移模型, 载流子的数目和电导层(CuO_2)及电荷储蓄层(BiO)之间的电荷转移有关. 层间距离的缩短似乎有利于载流子的形成.     

苯·四氰乙烯电子施受复合物的量子化学研究 Ⅱ.施受体间的取向及能级相关

前文曾用EHMO方法对电子施受复合物C_6H_6·C_2(CN)_4体系的能量及电荷分布和电荷转移进行了计算和讨论.本文进一步对C_6H_6·C_2(CN)_4中C_6H_6的HOMO与C_2(CN)_4的LUMO重叠积分SDA进行计算.计算结果表明,S_(DA)在取向角φ=45°(通过改变起算零点及旋转方向,φ可转化为15°)时最大,而Mulliken重叠与取向原理所预言的取向角为30°.我们对此原理与实际不太符合的原因作了分析.本文还对C_6H_6·C_2(CN)_4的状态和能级进行了剖析,其中每一状态和能级都能在孤立的C_6H_6和C_2(CN)_4中找到相应的状态和能级.我们用微扰理论讨论了此对应关系.     

几种（C^N）Pt^ⅡQ 型配合物的电子结构和紫外-可见吸收光谱

在B3LYP/LANL2DZ水平上优化了三种(C^N)PtⅡQ型配合物基态的几何结构,进行了频率计算,并采用含时密度泛函(TD-DFr)方法结合极化连续体模型(PCM)计算了目标配合物在CHCl2溶液中的电子结构和紫外.可见吸收光谱.计算值与文献报道值相似.计算结果表明这三种(C^N)PtⅡQ型配合物在可见光区都有强度较大而且宽的吸收峰,它们的最低能量吸收峰的跃迁具有ILCT(配体内部电荷转移)和部分MLCT(金属向配体的电荷转移)的特征,不同于PtⅡQ2型配合物在多数情况下表现出的ILCT的跃迁性质.     

金属有机电荷转移盐(CpFeBz)n[M(L)2](L=mnt或dmit)的合成及其三阶非线性光学性质

合成了两种类型共九个新的金属有机电荷转移盐(CpFeBz)_n[M(mnt)_2]和(CpFeBz)_n[M·(dmit)_2](M=Ni,Pd,Pt,Cu,Co;Cp代表环戊二烯基;Bz代表苯;mnt代表(?);dmit代表(?);n=1或2).通过元素分析IR和~1H NMR对化合物进行了鉴定.用简并四波混频的方法首次研究了金属有机电荷转移盐的三阶非线性光学性质.结果表明,这类金属有机电荷转移盐有较大的近共振三阶非线性光学响应.     

Crystal structure and physical properties of conducting molecular antiferromagnets with a halogen-substituted donor: (EDO-TTFBr2)2FeX4 (X = Cl, Br)

The crystal structure and physical properties of radical ion salts (EDO-TTFBr2)2FeX4 (X = Cl, Br) based on halogen-substituted organic donor and magnetic anions are investigated, including the comparison with the isomorphous compounds (EDO-TTFBr2)2GaX4 with nonmagnetic anions. The crystal structure of these four salts consists of uniformly stacked donor molecules and tetrahedral counter anions, and the Br substituents of the donor molecules are connected to halide ligands of anions with remarkably short intermolecular atomic distances. These salts show metallic behavior around room temperature and undergo a spin-density-wave transition in the low-temperature range, as confirmed with the divergence of the electron spin resonance (ESR) line width. Although close anion-anion contacts are absent in these salts, the FeCl4 salt undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition at TN = 4.2 K, and the FeBr4 salt shows successive magnetic transitions at TN = 13.5 K and TC2 = 8.5 K with a helical spin structure as a candidate for the ground state of the d-electron spins. The magnetoresistance of the FeCl4 salt shows stepwise anomalies, which are explained qualitatively using a pi-d interaction-based frustrated spin system model composed of the donor pi-electron and the anion d-electron spins. Although on the ESR spectra of the FeX4 salts signals from the pi- and d-electron spins are separately observed, the line width of the pi-electron spins broadens under the temperature where the susceptibility deviates from the Curie-Weiss behavior, showing the presence of the pi-d interaction.     

Ultrafast photoinduced charge separation dynamics in polythiophene/SnO2 nanocomposites

We present a study of photoinduced interfacial electron transfer (ET) dynamics of SnO2 nanocrystalline thin films sensitized by polythiophene derivatives (regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and regiorandom poly(3-undecyl-2,2'-bithiophene) (P3UBT)). ET dynamics were measured by following the dynamics of injected electrons in SnO2 and polarons in the conjugated polymer using ultrafast mid-IR transient absorption spectroscopy. The rate of electron transfer from P3HT and P3UBT to SnO2 films was determined to occur on sub-picosecond time scale (120 +/- 20 fs). In P3HT/SnO2 composite, interchain charge transfer was found to compete with and reduce the quantum efficiency of interfacial electron transfer at high polymer loading. This interchain charge separation processes can be reduced in non-regioregular polymer or at low polymer loading levels.     

Anomalous temperature-isotope dependence in proton-coupled electron transfer

Motivated by the experiments of Hodgkiss et al. [J. Phys. Chem. (submitted)] on electron transfer (ET) through a H-bonding interface, we present a new theoretical model for proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in the condensed phase, that does not involve real proton transfer. These experiments, which directly probe the joint T-isotope effects in coupled charge transfer reactions, show anomalous T dependence in k(H)k(D), where k(H) and k(D) are the ET rates through the H-bonding interface with H-bonded protons and deuterons, respectively. We address the anomalous T dependence of the k(H)k(D) in our model by attributing the modulation of the electron tunneling dynamics to bath-induced fluctuations in the proton coordinate, so that the mechanism for coupled charge transfer might be better termed vibrationally assisted ET rather than PCET. We argue that such a mechanism may be relevant to understanding traditional PCET processes, i.e., those in which protons undergo a transfer from donor to acceptor during the course of ET, provided there is an appropriate time scale separating both coupled charge transfers. Likewise, it may also be useful in understanding long-range ET in proteins, where tunneling pathways between redox cofactors often pass through H-bonded amino acid residues, or other systems with sufficiently decoupled proton and electron donating functionalities.     

Ligand structure, conformational dynamics, and excited-state electron delocalization for control of photoinduced electron transfer rates in synthetic donor-bridge-acceptor systems

Synthesis, ground-, and excited-state properties are reported for two new electron donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) molecules and two new photophysical model complexes. The D-B-A molecules are [Ru(bpy)2(bpy-phi-MV)](PF6)4 (3) and [Ru(tmb)2(bpy-phi-MV)](PF6)4 (4), where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, tmb is 4,4',5,5'-tetramethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, MV is methyl viologen, and phi is a phenylene spacer. Their model complexes are [Ru(bpy)2(p-tol-bpy)](PF6)2 (1) and [Ru(tmb)2(p-tol-bpy)](PF6)2 (2), where p-tolyl-bpy is 4-(p-tolyl)-2,2'-bipyridine. Photophysical characterization of 1 and 2 indicates that 2.17 eV and 2.12 eV are stored in their respective (3)MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) excited state. These values along with electrochemical measurements show that photoinduced electron transfer (D*-B-A-->D (+)-B-A(-)) is favorable in 3 and 4 with DeltaG degrees(ET)=-0.52 eV and -0.62 eV, respectively. The driving force for the reverse process (D(+)-B-A(-) --> D-B-A) is also reported: DeltaG degrees(BET)=-1.7 eV for 3 and -1.5 eV for 4. Transient absorption (TA) spectra for 3 and 4 in 298 K acetonitrile provide evidence that reduced methyl viologen is observable at 50 ps following excitation. Detailed TA kinetics confirm this, and the data are fit to a model to determine both forward (k(ET)) and back (k(BET)) electron transfer rate constants: k(ET)=2.6 x 10(10) s(-1) for 3 and 2.8 x 10(10) s(-1) for 4; k(BET)=0.62 x 10(10) s(-1) for 3 and 1.37 x 10(10) s(-1) for 4. The similar rate constants k ET for 3 and 4 despite a 100 meV driving force (DeltaG degrees(ET)) increase suggests that forward electron transfer in these molecules in room temperature acetonitrile is nearly barrierless as predicted by the Marcus theory. The reduction in electron transfer reorganization energy necessary for this barrierless reactivity is attributed to excited-state electron delocalization in the (3)MLCT excited states of 3 and 4, an effect that is made possible by excited-state conformational changes in the aryl-substituted ligands of these complexes.     

Kinetics of photoinduced electron transfer in polythiophene-porphyrin-fullerene molecular films

Photoinduced electron transfer (ET) processes were studied by the time-resolved Maxwell displacement charge (TRMDC) method in bilayer structures consisting of an electron donor-acceptor and conductive polymer monolayers, porphyrin-fullerene dyad and polyhexylthiophene, respectively, both layers prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method. The charge separation involves two fast steps: an intramolecular ET in the dyad molecule followed by an interlayer ET from the polymer to the formed porphyrin radical cation. These fast vertical intra- and interlayer processes could not be time-resolved by the TRMDC method. The lifetime of the charge separated state in the system was extended to hundreds of milliseconds by lateral electron and hole transfers in fullerene and polymer sublayers. The kinetics of the system was described by a model involving two long-living energetically different complete charge separated states. The data analysis indicates that the charge separation has a recombination time of 0.5 s. This is a promising result for possible applications.     

Luminescence responsive charge transfer intercluster crystals

POM and luminescence: The first charge transfer intercluster crystal has been synthesized by using [Ag(62) S(13) (StBu)(32) ](4+) as the cation and Mo(6) O(19) (2-) as the anion. Its luminescence behavior is controlled by the electron accepting ability of the polyoxometalate (POM). The emission quenched by the charge transfer could be turned on by allowing the sample to contact halohydrocarbons.     

Magnetic, electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of iron(III) amine-bis(phenolate) halide complexes

Eight new iron(III) amine-bis(phenolate) complexes are reported. The reaction of anhydrous FeX(3) salts (where X = Cl or Br) with the diprotonated tripodal tetradentate ligands 2-tetrahydrofurfurylamino-N,N-bis(2-methylene-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), H(2)L1, 2-tetrahydrofurfurylamino-N,N-bis(2-methylene-4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), H(2)L2, and 2-methoxyethylamino-N,N-bis(2-methylene-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), H(2)L3, 2-methoxyethylamino-N,N-bis(2-methylene-4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), H(2)L4 produces the trigonal bipyramidal iron(III) complexes, L1FeCl (1a), L1FeBr (1b), L2FeCl (2a), L2FeBr (2b), L3FeCl (3a), L3FeBr (3b), L4FeCl (4a), and L4FeBr (4b). All complexes have been characterized using electronic absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and room temperature magnetic measurements. Variable temperature magnetic data were acquired for complexes 2b, 3a and 4b. Variable temperature M?ssbauer spectra were obtained for 2b, 3a and 4b. Single crystal X-ray molecular structures have been determined for proligand H(2)L4 and complexes 1b, 2b, and 4b.     

Examination of the charge-sensitive vibrational modes in bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene

We reinvestigated the two C=C stretching modes of the five-membered rings of ET (ET = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene), namely, nu(2) (in-phase mode) and nu(27) (out-of-phase mode). The frequency of the nu(27) mode of ET(+) was corrected to be approximately 1400 cm(-1), which was identified from the polarized infrared reflectance spectra of (ET)(ClO(4)), (ET)(AuBr(2)Cl(2)), and the deuterium- or (13)C-substituted compounds of (ET)(AuBr(2)Cl(2)). It was clarified from DFT calculations that the frequency of the nu(27) mode of the flat ET(0) molecule was significantly different from that of the boat-shaped ET(0) molecule. We obtained the linear relationship between the frequency and the charge on the molecule, rho, for the flat ET molecule, which was shown to be nu(27)(rho) = 1398 + 140(1 - rho) cm(-1). The frequency shift due to oxidation is remarkably larger than that reported in previous studies. The fractional charges of several ET salts in a charge-ordered state can be successfully estimated by applying this relationship. Therefore, the nu(27) mode is an efficient probe to detect rho in the charge-transfer salts of ET. Similarly, a linear relationship for the nu(2) mode was obtained as nu(2)(rho) = 1447 + 120(1 - rho). This relationship was successfully applied to the charge-poor molecule of theta-type ET salts in the charge-ordered state but could not be applied to the charge-rich molecule. This discrepancy was semiquantitatively explained by the hybridization between the nu(2) and nu(3) modes.     

Iron-catalyzed reductive radical cyclization of organic halides in the presence of NaBH4: evidence of an active hydrido iron(I) catalyst

Iron made'em: iron(II) complexes such as FeCl(2) and [FeCl(2)(dppe)(2) ] (dppe=1,2-bisdiphenylphosphinoethane) are efficient precatalysts for the radical cyclization of unsaturated iodides and bromides in the presence of NaBH(4). Cyclic voltammetry studies suggests that the reaction occurs through a radical mechanism via an anionic hydrido iron(I) species as the key intermediate for the activation of the substrates by electron transfer.     

苯酚钾及对位取代苯酚钾的电离势

在我们以前的研究工作中发现,酚类钾盐是很好的电荷给体,可以和顺丁烯二酸酐、三硝基苯以及醌类等电荷受体生成电荷转移(CT)络合物。表示分子的给电子能力的参数是分子的第一电离势(简称为电离势I_p)。对于苯酚的I_p值,近年来已有文献记载,但苯酚钾