Luminosity monitoring and calibration of BLM

The BEPCⅡLuminosity Monitor(BLM)monitors relative luminosity per bunch.The counting rates of gamma photons,which are proportional to the luminosities from the BLM at the center of mass system energy of the ψ(3770)resonance,are obtained with a statistical error of 0.01% and a systematic error of 4.1%.Absolute luminosities are also determined by the BESⅢ End-cap Electro-Magnetic Calorimeter(EEMC)using Bhabha events with a statistical error of 2.3% and a systematic error of 3.5%.The calibration constant between the luminosities obtained with the EEMC and the counting rates of the BLM are found to be 0.84±0.03(x1026 cm-2·count-1).With the calibration constant,the counting rates of the BLM can be scaled up to absolute luminosities.     

A fast luminosity monitor for BEPCⅡ

The fast luminosity monitor counting the γ photons above a given energy threshold emitted from radiative Bhabha scattering has been operated in the BEPCⅡ to measure the relative luminosity bunch by bunch for the first time and used successfully in beam tuning of BEPCⅡ.In the relative mode the monitor is able to deliver the relative luminosities with an accuracy of 0.8 %.By steering the electron beam while observing the counting rate changes of the monitor the horizontal and vertical sizes of the bunch spots can be estimated as:sxe+ =sxe-=0.356 mm,sye+ =sye-=0.011 mm.     

A fast luminosity monitor for BEPCⅡ

The fast luminosity monitor counting the γ photons above a given energy threshold emitted from radiative Bhabha scattering has been operated in the BEPC Ⅱ to measure the relative luminosity bunch by bunch for the first time and used successfully in beam tuning of BEPC Ⅱ. In the relative mode the monitor is able to deliver the relative luminosities with an accuracy of 0.8 %. By steering the electron beam while observing the counting rate changes of the monitor the horizontal and vertical sizes of the bunch spots can be estimated as： Sxe＋ =Sxe =0.356 mm, Sye＋ =Sye- =0.011 mm.     

Beam dynamics studies on BEPC-Ⅱstorage rings at the commissioning stage

During the 1st and 2nd stages of the commissioning of the upgrade project of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider(BEPC Ⅱ),which started on Nov.12,2006 and Oct.24,2007,respectively,we got the luminosity one tenth of its design value,provided beams to synchrotron radiation users for about 4 months,and studied beam dynamics as well.In this paper,some beam dynamics studies on the storage rings and their preliminary results are given.     

Study of the data taking strategy for a high precision τ mass measurement

To achieve a high precision τ mass measurement at the high luminosity experiment BESⅢ, Monte Carlo simulation and sampling technique are utilized to simulate various data taking cases for single and multi-parameter fits by virtue of which the optimal scheme is determined. The optimized proportion of luminosity distributed at selected points and the relation between precision and luminosity are obtained. In addition, the optimization of the fit scheme is confirmed by scrutinizing a variety of fit possibilities.     

Measurement and correction of coupling in BEPCⅡ

The existing linear coupling theory and representation method are introduced briefly. The so-called local and global coupling is discussed in more detail. The vertical orbit distortion excited by a horizontal corrector is represented with the coupling parameters at the corrector and the observation point. The formula is used to measure the coupling in BEPCⅡ. In order to correct the coupling, vertical correctors are used to change the vertical orbit through sextupoles by a least square method. We also introduce and review other frequently used coupling measurement/tuning methods used in our machine.     

Study of new boson W_1~± in the Minimal Higgsless Model at the LHC

The Minimal Higgsless Model predicts the existence of new vector gauge boson W1± . By the process PP → W1± qq → W±Z0qq, Z0 → l+l-, W±→ qq (l=e,μ; q is hadronized to be jets), we study the sensitivity of searching for this possible vector gauge boson in the level of generator events of signal and backgrounds, then give integrated luminosity required to discover 5σ signal as a function of W1± mass. The generator for the signal PP→W1± qq→W±Z0qq at tree level is developed with the Minimal Higgsless Model and then interfaced with PYTHIA for the parton showers and hadronization. The backgrounds are produced with MadGraph and PYTHIA.     

Shadow images and observed luminosity of the Bardeen black hole surrounded by different accretions

In this paper, by exploring photon motion in the region near a Bardeen black hole, we studied the shadow and observed properties of the black hole surrounded by various accretion models. We analyzed the changes in shadow imaging and observed luminosity when the relevant physical parameters are changed. For the different spherical accretion backgrounds, we find that the radius of shadow and the position of the photon sphere do not change, but the observed intensity of shadow in the infalling accretion model is significantly lower than that in the static case. We also studied the contribution of the photon rings, lensing rings and direct emission to the total observed flux when the black hole is surrounded by an optically thin disk accretion. Under the different forms of the emission modes, the results show that the observed brightness is mainly determined by direct emission, while the lensing rings will provide a small part of the observed flux, and the flux provided by the photon ring is negligible. By comparing our results with the Schwarzschild spacetime, we find that the existence or change of relevant status parameters will greatly affect the shape and observed intensity of the black hole shadow. These results support the theory that the change of state parameter will affect the spacetime structure, thus affecting the observed features of black hole shadows.     

Monte Carlo generator photon jets used for luminosity at e+e－ colliders

A Monte-Carlo Generator Photon Jets （MCGPJ） to simulate Bhabha scattering as well as production of two charged muons and two photons events is discussed. The theoretical precision of the cross sections with radiative corrections （RC） is estimated to be smaller than 0.2%. The Next Leading Order （NLO） radiative corrections proportional to α are treated exactly, whereas the all logarithmically enhanced contributions, related to photon jets emitted in the collinear region, are taken into account in frame of the Structure Function approach. Numerous tests of the MCGPJ as well as a detailed comparison with other MC generators are presented.     

Luminosity determination for the dd →αK^＋K^- experiment at ANKE/COSY

High resolution studies of ao/fo（980） decays into channels involving open strangeness are currently being performed at COSY-Julich. As a ＂filter＂ for isospin-zero intermediate states, i.e. to selectively produce the f0（980） resonance, the dd →αK^＋K^-reaction was measured with the magnetic ANKE spectrometer. In order to determine the luminosity of this experiment, the elastically and quasi-elastically scattered deuterons were recorded simultaneously with the αK^＋K^- events. Here we report about the luminosity determination via investigating the （quasi-） elastic deuterons at ANKE.     

Monte Carlo generator photon jets used for luminosity at e+e- colliders

A Monte-Carlo Generator Photon Jets(MCGPJ)to simulate Bhabha scattering as well as produc-tion of two charged muons and two photons events is discussed.The theoretical precision of the cross sections with radiative corrections(RC)is estimated to be smaller than 0.2%.The Next Leading Order(NLO)radia-tive corrections proportional to α are treated exactly,whereas the all logarithmically enhanced contributions,related to photon jets emitted in the collinear region,are taken into account in frame of the Structure Function approach.Numerous tests of the MCGPJ as well as a detailed comparison with other MC generators are presented.     

Study of the data taking strategy for a high precision τ mass measurement

To achieve a high precision τ mass measurement at the high luminosity experiment BESIII,Monte Carlo simulation and sampling technique are utilized to simulate various data taking cases for single and multiparameter fits by virtue of which the optimal scheme is determined. The optimized proportion of luminosity distributed at selected points and the relation between precision and luminosity are obtained. In addition,the optimization of the fit scheme is confirmed by scrutinizing a variety of fit possibilities.     

Measurement of the integrated luminosities of the data taken by BESⅢ at √s=3.650 and 3.773 GeV

Data sets were collected with the BESⅢ detector at the BEPCⅡ collider at the center-of-mass energy of √s=3.650 GeV during May 2009 and at √s=3.773 GeV from January 2010 to May 2011. By analyzing the large angle Bhabha scattering events, the integrated luminosities of the two data sets are measured to be （44.49±0.02±0.44） pb-1 and （2916.94±0.18±29.17） pb-1, respectively, where the first error is statistical and the second error is systematic.     

光辐射计量测试技术

简要介绍国外光辐射计量采用的主要方法、测试手段和发展趋势。为了满足国防系统对光辐射计量的需要建立了一批计量标难，解决了光辐射源辐射特性和探测器特性计量测试问题。     

BEPCⅡ:construction and commissioning

This is a status report of the project on befalf of the BEPC Ⅱ team.BEPC Ⅱ is a major upgrade radiation(SR)source with its outer ring,or SR ring.As a collider,BEPC Ⅱ operates in the beam energy region of 1-2.3 GeV with design luminosity of 1×1033 cm-2s-1 at 1.89 GeV.As a light source.the SR ring operates at 2.5 GeV and 250 mA.Construction of the project started in the beginning of 2004.Installation of the storage ring components was completed in October 2007.Commissioning is in progress.There are still many issues for further studies before reach to 3×1032 cm-2s-1.     

北京正负电子对撞机及其重大改造工程

作为探索微观世界工具，对撞机在粒子物理近三十年激动人心的进展中崭露头角，已成为一种占主导地位的高能加速器．北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)瞄准τ-粲能区的物理窗口，自1988年建成投入运行以来，在高能物理实验和同步辐射研究领域做出了许多重要成果，已成为在其工作能区性能国际领先的高能加速器．为了在激烈的国际竞争中继续保持在τ-粲物理领域的领先地位，中国科学家提出了北京正负电子对撞机重大改造计划(BEPCⅡ)，于2003年底得到国家批准．和BEPC一样，BEPCⅡ“一机两用”，用于高能物理和同步辐射研究，作为对撞机的主要指标的亮度将比BEPC高100倍，同步辐射的性能也将大幅度提高．文章简要介绍了BEPC运行成果和BEPCⅡ的建设进展及其发展前景．     

北京谱仪积分亮度测量的新方法

介绍了利用e⁺e^－对撞中双μ产生和双γ产生两种QED过程来测量积分亮度的新思路.前者的特色在于用单根径迹选择双μ事例,后者则是首次利用双γ事例测定亮度.两种方法分别用于1998年春季北京谱仪(BES)R值扫描6个能量点的积分亮度测量,所得结果的误差分别小于8.0%和7.5%,在误差范围内与大角度巴巴事例积分亮度值一致.     

北京τ─粲工厂储存环磁聚焦结构的设计研究

对北京τ－粲工厂（BTCF）储存环磁聚焦结构设计中所涉及的一些关键物理问题作了探讨和研究，提出了可行性的方案．该方案的高亮度模式动力学孔径较大；单色模式的托歇克寿命较长、亮度较高；并且能兼容纵向极化束对撞模式．     

R值扫描中积分亮度的测量

在R值扫描中利用大角度Bhabha事例测量积分亮度,较之以往的同类过程积分亮度的测量,在事例选择和探测效率的确定方面都作了较大的改进. 用不同的测量方法对本文的结果进行了检查,发现几种结果在误差范围内是一致的. 但本文的测量优化了事例选择条件,所以在一定程度上改善了系统误差.     

BEPCⅡ: construction and commissioning

This is a status report of the project on befalf of the BEPCⅡ team. BEPCⅡ is a major upgrade of the BEPC (Beijing Electron-Positron Collider). It is a double-ring e⁺-e^－ collider as well as a synchrotron radiation (SR) source with its outer ring, or SR ring. As a collider, BEPCⅡ operates in the beam energy region of 1—2.3 GeV with design luminosity of 1×10³³ cm^－2s^－1 at 1.89 GeV. As a light source, the SR ring operates at 2.5 GeV and 250 mA. Construction of the project started in the beginning of 2004. Installation of the storage ring components was completed in October 2007. Commissioning is in progress. There are still many issues for further studies before reach to 3×10³² cm^－2s^－1.