麦芽糖作选择剂西酞普兰手性毛细管电泳分析及拆分机理研究

研究了以麦芽糖为选择剂的毛细管电泳手性拆分方法。以抗抑郁药物西酞普兰对映体的分离和定量测定为实例,考察了分离条件,在40%(m/m)麦芽糖、8.0×10-2mol/L磷酸盐运行缓冲液(pH5.0)中,分离电压20kV时,西酞普兰对映体分离度达2.3。测定S-( )-西酞普兰中R-(-)异构体的含量,在0.05~4.00g/L浓度范围内线性关系良好。R-(-)-西酞普兰与S-( )-西酞普兰的检出限分别为0.0453g/L和0·0473g/L,线性相关系数均>0.9978。以荧光光谱法对西酞普兰与麦芽糖的相互作用进行了考察,并较系统地对拆分机理进行了研究。证明麦芽糖的手性识别能力与其浓度有关,当麦芽糖达到一定浓度后将形成聚集体,而麦芽糖的拆分作用就主要体现在其聚集体疏水空腔的立体作用上。     

丝网印刷选择离子电极测定药物试剂中的氢溴酸西酞普兰（英文）

以四硼酸钾(KTpClPB)离子载体(电极V)和西酞普兰磷钨酸(cp-pt)离子对混合物(电极X)作为丝网印刷电极的电活性物质、磷酸三甲苯酯(TCP)作为溶剂中介,制备并表征了一种新型丝网印刷离子选择电极。利用此电极测定药剂中的西酞普兰,在4.90×10!7~1.0×10!2(电极V)和1.0×10!6~1.0×10!2mol/L(电极X)浓度范围内呈一近似-Nernstain响应,斜率分别为60.47±0.80和59.93±1.45 mV/decade,检出限分别为0.49和1.0μmol/L。电极具有响应快、重复性好、稳定性高(电极V:5个月,电极X,4个月)、宽pH值适应范围(电极V:2~9,电极X,2~8)以及良好的选择性等特点,可应用于测定尿液和血清中的西酞普兰。     

药物与细胞膜相互作用的毛细管电泳方法研究

以细胞膜在毛细管内构成假固定相,建立一种基于毛细管电泳测定药物与细胞膜相互作用参数的方法．以西酞普兰和兔红细胞膜为相互作用模型,以不同浓度的细胞膜混悬液为电泳缓冲液,采用峰漂移法,并结合Scatchard分析,测得西酞普兰与兔红细胞膜的结合常数为0．977g^-1·L．该方法简单、快速,为研究药物与细胞膜的相互作用提供了新的技术手段,为高通量筛选药物膜通透性和活性,以及评价药物在体内吸收提供一种新的方法．     

区段灌注毛细管电泳研究药物与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

以毛细管电泳为手段,采用毛细管区段灌注技术,对麻黄碱、咖啡因和扑热息痛3种药物与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间的相互作用进行了研究。将两个较短的药物区带分别置于一个较长的BSA区段前后,以区段前的药物为标记物,采用峰漂移模型,同时测得麻黄碱、咖啡因和扑热息痛与BSA的结合常数,其值分别为 3.38×104 L/mol , 4.79×104 L/mol 和 6.13 ×104 L/mol 。结果表明这种方法可作为药物与蛋白相互作用分析的一种改进方法,并且有效地避免了常规峰漂移模型和迎头分析法中     

糊精介质中西酞普兰的毛细管电泳手性分离与定量测定

以糊精作为毛细管电泳手性分离选择剂,对药物西酞普兰对映体的分离进行研究。考察了糊精浓度、缓冲液体系离子强度和pH及分离电压对对映体分离的影响。在糊精7．0％（m／V）、磷酸盐80mmol／L（pH5．4）的运行缓冲液中,分离电压20kV时,西酞普兰对映体分离度达3．9,同时对拆分机理进行了初步探讨。测定S-（＋）-西酞普兰原料药中R-（-）异构体的含量,在0．05～4．00g／L浓度范围内线性关系良好,R-（-）．西酞普兰与S-（＋）-西酞普兰的检出限分别为25．3mg／L和27．3mg／L,线性相关系数均在0．9970以上;RSD低于3．2％。     

毛细管电泳法表征离子液体与蛋白质的相互作用

基于毛细管区带电泳考察了不同离子液体的阳离子母核、烷基侧链碳原子数目和阴离子组成对牛血清白蛋白的影响,以及离子液体[C4mim]BF4与肌红蛋白、牛血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、牛凝血酶和转铁蛋白之间的相互作用。利用亲和毛细管电泳法比较了[C4mim]BF4与上述蛋白之间的相互作用,并计算得到结合常数Kb分别为1.24×107 L/mol,1.23×106 L/mol,5.75×104 L/mol和5.60×104 L/mol。结果表明,转铁蛋白、血红蛋白、肌红蛋白、牛血清白蛋白与离子液体的相互作用依次减弱,存在1～2个数量级的差异。结合毛细管区带电泳和亲和毛细管电泳模式可实现离子液体与多种蛋白质相互作用的定性与定量表征。     

光谱法研究硝苯柳胺与钥孔戚血蓝蛋白的相互作用

采用荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱研究了不同温度下硝苯柳胺与钥孔戚血蓝蛋白(KLH)的相互作用.结果发现,KLH的特征荧光峰猝灭,硝苯柳胺对KLH的荧光猝灭机制属于静态猝灭;由Lineweaver-Burk方程计算出不同温度下硝苯柳胺与KLH之间的结合常数K分别为3.81×104 L/mol (25 ℃)和3.01×104 L/mol (37 ℃);由Van′t Hoff方程计算出ΔH和ΔS平均值分别为-15.09 kJ/mol和37.055 J mol -1 K -1,二者之间的作用力主要为静电作用力;该过程是一个熵增加、Gibbs自由能降低的自发分子间作用过程;根据Frster非辐射能量转移机制求得给体与受体间的结合距离r为4.61 nm,能量转移效率为0.0403.同步荧光光谱表明,硝苯柳胺能够被血蓝蛋白存储和转运, 但结合时对蛋白构象有一定影响.     

苯基丙氨酸修饰石墨烯平面电极对西酞普兰的灵敏检测

通过高分子支撑法,将化学气相沉积(CVD)法得到的石墨烯从铜基底转移到聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇(PET)基底上,制备出柔性石墨烯平面电极(GPE),再通过循环伏安法将苯基丙氨酸(PHE)沉积到GPE上,得到了苯基丙氨酸修饰的石墨烯平面电极(PHE/GPE)。研究表明,治疗抑郁症的药物西酞普兰(CIT)在PHE/GPE上有明显的氧化峰出现,从而构建一种新型CIT传感器。该传感器在CIT浓度为0.5～88μmol/L范围内,其响应电流与浓度分段呈现良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为0.044μmol/L。该CIT传感器具有制备过程简单、成本低,对CIT响应灵敏、检出限低等优点。     

压力驱动亲和毛细管电泳法研究3种龙血素与人血清白蛋白的结合作用

采用压力驱动的亲和毛细管电泳技术(P-ACE)分别研究了生理酸度条件下(p H 7.4)3种黄酮类化合物龙血素A、龙血素B和剑叶龙血素C与人血清白蛋白(HSA)之间的相互作用。利用蛋白淌度变化和药物浓度的关系,计算得出上述三者与HSA的结合常数Ka分别为0.414×105,0.252×105,1.816×105L/mol。结果表明,P-ACE可作为研究药物与蛋白相互作用的简便可行方法。     

2-氨-6-氯嘌呤用于亚硝酸根离子的荧光光度法测定

应用荧光光谱法研究了2-氨-6-氯嘌呤与亚硝酸根离子间的相互作用并建立了亚硝酸根离子测定的新方法.在0.25 mol/L的H2SO4水溶液中,2-氨-6-氯嘌呤分子上的氨基与亚硝酸根离子发生重氮化反应生成重氮盐,重氮盐在沸水浴中加热水解,氨基被羟基取代,产生弱荧光的2-羟基-6-氯嘌呤.此反应导致荧光强度降低且在一定范围内与亚硝酸根离子浓度呈良好的线性关系,据此建立了荧光猝灭法测定亚硝酸根离子的新方法,其线性范围为1.00×10-7 ～1.30×10-5 mol/L,方法检出限为7.54×10-8 mol/L.该方法应用于自来水中亚硝酸根离子的测定,回收率为102% ～110%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.