麦秆对重金属pb2+和Cr3+吸附性能的研究

本文以麦秆作为生物吸附剂吸附去除溶液中的pb2+和Cr3+,针对pH值、吸附时间和金属离子浓度等影响吸附的主要因素进行了实验研究,并探讨了麦秆的改性处理.结果表明,溶液pH值是影响吸附的重要因素,麦秆对Pb2+和Cr3++的吸附量随溶液初始pH值的升高而升高.Pb2+和Cr3+在麦秆表面的吸附速度很快,60 min即可...     

超支化胶原纤维吸附剂对Cr(VI)的吸附特性和机理研究

超支化聚合物改性胶原纤维(CF-HBPN)作为吸附剂处理含Cr(VI)模拟废水,研究了CF-HBPN吸附Cr(VI)时溶液pH、吸附剂用量和Cr(VI)初始浓度等对去除效率的影响;采用XPS,SEM-EDS等分析检测方法对CF-HBPN表面组成和结构进行表征,探索吸附机理.结果显示:CF-HBPN对Cr(VI)的去除率随溶液pH降低而升高,在pH为3.0时达到最大,随吸附剂用量增大而增大,随Cr(VI)初始浓度增加而减小.CF-HBPN对Cr(VI)的吸附容量随吸附剂用量增加而减小,随Cr(VI)初始浓度增加而增加,最后趋于稳定.30℃时,4.0 g L-1的CF-HBPN对50 mg L-1Cr(VI)溶液的去除率可达99.57%,最大吸附容量为38.94 mg g-1.0.18 mol L-1的NaOH溶液对吸附Cr(VI)后的CF-HBPN解吸效果最好.SEM-EDS分析结果表明CF-HBPN表面较粗糙,是一种具有空间网状结构的材料,吸附过程存在离子交换.XPS分析结果表明Cr(VI)主要吸附在CF-HBPN表面,铬酸根阴离子与质子化氨基的静电吸附作用为主要吸附作用.     

聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/蒙脱土/腐殖酸钠复合物对Pb2+的吸附性能

用制备的聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/蒙脱土/腐殖酸钠复合吸附剂,研究了溶液pH值、吸附时间和Pb2+溶液初始浓度等因素对重金属Pb2+的吸附性能,探讨了复合吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附机理。结果表明,在pH值为6.0、吸附时间2 h、Pb2+溶液初始浓度0.01 mol/L和吸附剂用量0.10 g的条件下,复合吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附量达到364.05 mg/g,平衡所需的时间为15 min。与蒙脱土相比,复合吸附剂具有更高的吸附容量和更快的吸附速率。     

Characteristic and Mechanism of Cr（VI） Biosorption by Buckwheat Hull from Aqueous Solutions

农业废弃物荞麦皮作为生物吸附剂去除水中Cr（VI）,研究了荞麦皮对Cr（VI）的去除动力学以及溶液pH、吸附剂用量和Cr（VI）初始浓度对去除效率的影响;通过FT-IR,XPS,SEM．EDX对荞麦皮表面组成和结构进行表征,探索荞麦皮去除Cr（VI）的机理．结果显示：荞麦皮对Cr（VI）有很高的去除效率．常温下5．0g·L^-1的荞麦皮在pH=2.0下对100mg·L^-1Cr（V0溶液的去除率可达99．87％．荞麦皮对Cr（VI）的去除率随溶液pH降低而升高,在pH=2.0时达到最大;随吸附剂用量增加而增大;随Cr（VI）初始浓度增加而减小．单位质量荞麦皮对Cr（V1）的去除量随吸附剂用量增加而减小;随Cr（VI）初始浓度增加而增加,最后趋于稳定．在20℃,pH=2．0,吸附用量为5．0g·L^-1时,荞麦皮对Cr（W）的最大去除容量约为36．4mg·g^-1．荞麦皮吸附去除Cr（Vb的过程符合准二级吸附动力学．FT-IR,XPS和SEM-EDX分析结果表明：荞麦皮是一个多孔材料,表面存在羧基、氨基、羟基等活性基团;荞麦皮对Cr（VI）的去除是一个吸附一还原耦合的过程,包括Cr（VI）在荞麦皮表面上的静电吸附,以及此后的固相还原和对还原态的Cr（Ⅲ）再吸附;Cr（Ⅲ）的吸附主要是通过与荞麦皮表面的羧基、氨基的配位,以及与其中的阳离子发生离子交换作用实现的．     

荞麦皮生物吸附去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性和机理

农业废弃物荞麦皮作为生物吸附剂去除水中Cr(Ⅵ),研究了荞麦皮对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除动力学以及溶液pH、吸附剂用量和Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度对去除效率的影响;通过FT-IR,XPS,SEM-EDX对荞麦皮表面组成和结构进行表征,探索荞麦皮去除Cr(Ⅵ)的机理.结果显示:荞麦皮对Cr(Ⅵ)有很高的去除效率.常温下5.0 g·L-1的荞麦皮在pH=2.0下对100 mg·L-1 Cr(Ⅵ)溶液的去除率可达99.87%.荞麦皮对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率随溶液pH降低而升高,在pH=2.0时达到最大;随吸附剂用量增加而增大;随Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度增加而减小.单位质量荞麦皮对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除量随吸附剂用量增加而减小;随Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度增加而增加,最后趋于稳定.在20℃,pH=2.0,吸附用量为5.0 g·L-1时,荞麦皮对Cr(Ⅵ)的最大去除容量约为36.4 mg·g-1.荞麦皮吸附去除Cr(Ⅵ)的过程符合准二级吸附动力学.FT-IR,XPS和SEM-EDX分析结果表明:荞麦皮是一个多孔材料,表面存在羧基、氨基、羟基等活性基团;荞麦皮对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除是一个吸附-还原耦合的过程,包括Cr(Ⅵ)在荞麦皮表面上的静电吸附,以及此后的固相还原和对还原态的Cr(Ⅲ)再吸附;Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附主要是通过与荞麦皮表面的羧基、氨基的配位,以及与其中的阳离子发生离子交换作用实现的.     

Zeolite-A沸石分子筛去除水体中重金属污染物

合成了一种成本低,制备工艺简单的沸石分子筛 Zeolite-A,并对其吸附重金属离子的性能以及吸附的最佳条件(包括溶液的 pH 值,金属离子的浓度以及吸附过程的时间等)作了系统研究.除了具有天然沸石的优越吸附性能之外,根据扫描电镜图可见合成的 Zeolite-A 沸石分子筛还具有洁净的晶体表面,均匀的粒度,规则的形状且不存在胶体或无定形物质的优点.根据试验,Zeolite-A 沸石分子筛的吸附效率随金属水合离子的半径的增加而减小.在所试验的金属离子[Fe(Ⅱ、Ⅲ),Cr(Ⅲ),Pb2 ,Mn2 ,Cu'2 ,Mg2 ,Zn2 ,Ni2 及Cd2 ]中,Pb2 的水合离子半径最小,故其吸附效率最高,且随溶液 pH 的升高和吸附过程时间的增加,Pb2 的吸附效率也随之增加.试验中,所用金属离子的浓度为 2×103mg·L-1.在此条件下,Pb2 的吸附率达 99.6%,合成的 Zeo-lite-A 沸石分子筛可用于清除水体中重金属离子的污染.用过的 Zeolite-A 沸石分子筛置于0.1 mol·L-1 HCl 中浸泡可使重金属离子从沸石上解吸.     

果胶对钯的吸附及其在有机合成中的应用

以果胶为吸附剂,研究其对钯(Ⅱ)的吸附性能,探讨了溶液的pH值、吸附温度、果胶用量、吸附时间及钯(Ⅱ)溶液的初始浓度对吸附量的影响。 采用Pseudo-First-order、Pseudo-Second-order、Intraparticle、Diffusion、Langmuir、Freundlich和Temkin等模型对实验数据进行线性拟合。 结果表明,果胶对钯(Ⅱ)有很强的吸附性能,吸附率高达96%以上,溶液的最佳pH值为6.5,最佳温度为50 ℃,果胶对钯的吸附量随果胶用量的增加而降低,随钯溶液初始浓度的增加而增加。 吸附动力学遵从Pseudo-Second-order模型,即以化学吸附为主;等温吸附过程符合Freundlich方程;吉布斯自由能为负值,焓变和熵变分别为3.23 kJ/mol和13.32 J/(mol·K),即该过程是自发吸热的;果胶吸附的钯作为催化剂应用到Suzuki反应中,结果表明该催化剂有较高的催化活性。     

磁性纳米粒子富集-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定食具中铬、镍、镉、铅、砷的迁移量

采用氩电弧等离子体法制备磁性碳包铁纳米粒子,考察了其对水溶液中Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb和As的富集能力,建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱同时测定食具中Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb和As迁移量的分析方法。研究了纳米粒子表面经H2O2处理后,pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂用量等因素对各元素富集效率的影响。结果表明,H2O2表面处理可有效提高纳米粒子对待检元素的吸附率。在pH 8.0～9.5范围内,选用30 mg碳包铁纳米粒子定量富集,振荡3 min后,Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb和As均可被磁性碳包铁纳米粒子定量富集,酸性溶液(pH 1～2)可洗脱吸附离子。采用本方法测定了实际样品,各元素回收率在87%～106%之间。     

废轮胎热解炭的分析及其活化特性的研究

用常规分析方法分析了废轮胎热解炭的成分和性质，用X射线能谱分析法、压汞法、N2吸附法等测定了热解炭的孔隙结构特性，并用CO2、含2％氧气的氮气流和水蒸气等活化气体对热解炭进行活化方面的研究。结果表明，热解炭灰分和硫含量比较高；两种不同粒径热解炭的比孔容积均在r≈25 nm处有最大值；在相同活化时间和活化剂流速下，温度越高，活化炭烧失率越大，比表面积也越大；在一定温度和活化剂流速下，烧失率和比表面积随着活化时间的增加而增大；对所有试验工况，烧失率越大，活化炭比表面积也越大。总体上水蒸气活化炭与CO2的活化效果较好，而含2％O2的氮气流活化的效果则次之。活化炭与商业活性炭的比较显示，前者具有较发达的孔隙结构，在进行大分子物质吸附时，具有替代商业活性炭的潜力。     

响应面法优化巴旦木壳对废水Pb、Cu和Cd的吸附及同时测定

研究废弃巴旦木壳对模拟废水中Pb、Cu和Cd的去除率。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对吸附剂投加量、吸附时间和pH值3因素进行优化。实验结果表明,最佳吸附条件为Pb：为吸附剂投加量0.4g、吸附时间49.38min、pH值为9.96;Cu：吸附剂投加量0.4g、吸附时间49.91min、pH值为10.13;Cd：吸附剂投加量0.4g、吸附时间49.83min、pH值为10.42;在此条件下,Pb、Cu和Cd的去除率分别为87.42%、73.49%和85.11%。采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)对Pb、Cu和Cd模拟混合试样吸附后的溶液进行同时测定,计算得出吸附剂对Pb、Cu和Cd的去除率分别为83.2%、66.0%和83.3%。     

Removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solution by apricot shell activated carbon

Uranium is a toxic and radioactive heavy metal found in nuclear effluents and should be treated based on environmental considerations. The adsorption of uranyl cations (UO₂ ²⁺) by apricot shell activated carbon (ASAC) was investigated in a batch system. The effects of pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dosage on the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium adsorption isotherms of U(VI) were examined. The U(VI) uptake was fast within the first 60 min and reached an equilibrium state at 120 min. The adsorption process was highly pH dependent and the maximum adsorption was obtained at an initial solution pH of 6.0. Temperature over the range 25–45 °C had little effect on the U(VI) adsorption. The U(VI) removal efficiency increased concurrently with increasing ASAC dosage, whereas the U(VI) adsorption capacity decreased with increasing ASAC dosage. The adsorption process followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. On the basis of Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 59.17 mg U(VI)/g adsorbent. The adsorption kinetics can be very well defined by the pseudo-first-order rate model. The present results suggest that ASAC could be used as an adsorbent for an efficient removal of U(VI) from aqueous solution.     

腐殖酸对La~(3+),Nd~(3+)等重金属离子混合体系吸附的研究

对含有La~(3+),Nd~(3+)的重金属混合体系进行吸附选择性试验,筛选出腐殖酸浓度为1.2 g·L~(-1)时吸附La~(3+),Nd~(3+)的最佳条件(pH=5.4,温度313 K,振荡时间8 h,重金属离子初始浓度0.15 mmol·L~(-1)),得出此条件下吸附优先顺序为:La~(3+)>Pb~(2+)>Cu~(2+)>Nd~(3+)>Cd~(2+)>Zn~(2+)>Co~(2+)>Cr~(3+);HA的吸附总量在室温下拟合二级动力学方程的效果最好;Langmuir方程则能更好地描述HA对重金属离子的等温吸附过程,并且随着温度的升高,HA的最大吸附量逐渐增加;HA对La~(3+),Nd~(3+)等重金属离子的吸附优先顺序受到pH值、温度、振荡时间、重金属离子初始浓度和本身性质的综合影响,且重金属的地球化学性质是主导因素.     

Synthesis of carbon-coated, porous and water-dispersive Fe3O4 nanocapsules and their excellent performance for heavy metal removal applications

Porous Fe(3)O(4)@C nanocapsules with a diameter of about 120 nm (about 50 nm cavity) were synthesized by combining a sacrificial template method with solvothermal treatment. The N(2) adsorption-desorption isotherms reveals their mesoporous structure and large BET surface area (159.8 m(2) g(-1)). The magnetic investigation indicates their superparamagnetic nature and high saturation magnetization (55.93 emu g(-1)). The nanocapsules also exhibit negative zeta potential (-27.59 mV) and possess carboxyl groups on the outer carbon layer, which keeps them highly dispersive in aqueous solution and provides a chelating function for metal ions. The heavy metals removal test demonstrates the excellent affinity of nanocapsules, the high efficiency for different metals (>90%), 79 mg g(-1) adsorption capacity for Pb(2+) and ultrafast removal process (Pb(2+), 99.57% within 1 minute). Protected by a porous carbon layer, the nanocapsules display excellent acidic resistance and adsorption properties even in an acidic solution (pH = 3). Moreover, the metal ions can be easily adsorbed and desorbed through manipulating the pH value for adsorbent regeneration and heavy metal recycling.     

Adsorption of Pb(II) on a composite material prepared from polystyrene-alumina and activated carbon: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies

The ability of polystyrene-alumina-activated carbon composite as a synthetic adsorbent was investigated for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time were studied. The optimum solution pH for the maximum adsorption of Pb(II) was found to be 4. Kinetic data were best described by pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption process followed both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms at 30 °C. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Desorption studies were carried out by batch and column operations and it was found that 97% Pb(II) could be recovered by the column process using 0.1 M HCl as eluent.     

自然水体生物膜胞外蛋白质吸附铅和镉的研究

本文通过长春市南湖水中生物膜优势菌种胞外蛋白吸附Pb2+和Cd2+的实验, 研究了胞外蛋白吸附重金属的规律.     

Low-temperature synthesis of nanoparticle-assembled, transparent, and low-crystallized hydroxyapatite blocks

The mesoporous carbon CMK-3 adsorbent was prepared, characterized, and used for the removal of anionic methyl orange dye from aqueous solution. Adsorption experiments were carried out as batch studies at different contact time, pH, initial dye concentration, and salt concentration. The dye adsorption equilibrium was rapidly attained after 60 min of contact time. Removal of dye in acidic solutions was better than in basic solutions. The adsorption of dye increased with increasing initial dye concentration and salt concentration. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich models, which revealed that Langmuir model was more suitable to describe the methyl orange adsorption than Freundlich model. Experimental data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. It was found that kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order equation. Thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process.     

改性壳聚糖的制备及其对金属离子的吸附性能

用对羟基苯甲醛、水杨醛和香草醛对壳聚糖进行了修饰.探讨了产物对微量Hg2+,Pb2+,Au3+,Cu2+,Ag+,Cr3+,Cd2+,Ni2+和Zn2+的吸附性能.结果表明,改性后的壳聚糖具有不易流失、易再生的特点,并且对离子的去除率较高,尤其对Hg2+,Pb2+和Au3+,去除率更高.     

Study of physical chemistry on biosorption of zinc by using Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Discharge of heavy metals from metal processing industries is known to have adverse effects on the environment. Biosorption of heavy metals by metabolically inactive biomass of microbial organisms is an innovative and alternative technology for removal of these pollutants from aqueous solution. Presence of heavy metals in the aquatic system is posing serious problems. Zinc has been used in many industries and removal of Zn ions from waste water is significant. Biosorption is one of the economic methods used for removal of heavy metals. In the present study, the biomass obtained from the dried Chlorella pyrenoidosa was used for evaluating the biosorption characteristics of Zn ions in aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were performed with this material and it was found that the amount of metal ions adsorbed increased with the increase in the initial metal ion concentration. In this study effect of agitation time, initial metal ion concentration, temperature, pH and biomass dosage were studied. Maximum metal uptake (q _max) observed at pH 5 was 101.11 mg/g. The biosorption followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in about 1 h. The kinetic of biosorption followed the second-border rate. The biomass could be regenerated using 0.1 M HNO₃. A positive value of ΔH° indicated the endothermic nature of the process. A negative value of the free energy (ΔG°) indicated the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. A positive value of ΔS° showed increased randomness at solid-liquid interface during the adsorption of heavy metals, it also suggests some structural changes in the adsorbate and the adsorbent. FTIR Spectrums of Chlorella pyrenoidosa revealed the presence of hydroxyl, amino, carboxylic and carbonyl groups. The scanning electron micrograph clearly revealed the surface texture and morphology of the biosorbent.     

Adsorption and desorption of copper and zinc in the surface layer of acid soils

The environmental and health effects of the contamination of soils by heavy metals depend on the ability of the soils to immobilize these contaminants. In this work, the adsorption and desorption of Cu and Zn in the surface layers of 27 acid soils were studied. Adsorption of Cu(II) from 157-3148 mumol L(-1) solutions was much greater than adsorption of Zn(II) from solutions at the same concentration. For both Cu and Zn, the adsorption data were fitted better by the Freundlich equation than by the Langmuir equation. Multiple regression analyses suggest that Cu and Zn adsorption depends to a significant extent on pH and CEC: for both metals these variables accounted for more than 80% of the variance in the Freundlich pre-exponential parameter K(F), and pH also accounted for 57% of the variance in 1/n for Zn and, together with carbon content, for 41% of the variance in 1/n for Cu. The percentage of adsorbed metal susceptible to desorption into 0.01 M NaNO3 was greater for Zn than for Cu, but in both cases depended significantly on pH, decreasing as pH increased. In turn, both pH(H2O) and pH(KCl) are significantly correlated with cation exchange capacity. Desorption of metal adsorbed from solutions at relatively low concentration (787 mumol L(-1)) exhibited power-law dependence on Kd, the quotient expressing distribution between soil and soil solution in the corresponding adsorption experiment, decreasing as increasing Kd reflected increasing affinity of the soil for the metal. The absence of a similarly clear relationship when metal had been adsorbed from solutions at relatively high concentration (2361 mumol L(-1)) is attributed to the scant between-soil variability of Kd at these higher concentrations. In general, adsorption was greater and subsequent desorption less in cultivated soils than in woodland soils.     

Adsorption of some bivalent heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by manganese nodule leached residues

The leached residue, generated after selective extraction of Cu, Ni, and Co in sulfur dioxide-ammonia leaching of manganese nodules, was characterized and batch isothermal adsorption experiments were conducted at ambient temperature to evaluate the effectiveness of the water-washed leached residue for removal of different bivalent metal ions from aqueous synthetic solutions. The effects of pH, initial metal ion concentrations, amount of adsorbent, interfering ions, and heat treatment were also investigated. The uptake of metal ions increased with increasing pH. Under identical conditions the adsorption capacity increased in the order Cd(2+)相似文献