色谱及相关技术在中药质量评价中的应用

对中药物质基础的研究方法——化学物质组学,以及中药质量评价的关键技术——指纹图谱技术做了介绍,并在此基础上综述了中药化学信息获取的关键技术——色谱及相关技术在中药质量评价中的应用。论述的结果表明,以化学物质组学为指导,结合色谱及相关技术获取指纹图谱信息及多指标成分定量信息的研究模式,对中药质量评价体系的建立具有指导意义。     

色谱指纹图谱在中药质量控制中的应用

介绍了色谱指纹图谱在中药质量控制体系,即中药真实性鉴定(化学指纹图谱)、有效性评价(谱效学、生物指纹图谱、代谢指纹图谱)以及安全性评价方面的应用。目前化学指纹图谱在中药的真实性鉴定方面已比较成熟;谱效学、生物指纹图谱和代谢指纹图谱由于与药效活性相关,在中药的有效性评价中已体现出优势;色谱指纹图谱在中药的安全性评价方面的应用也愈来愈受到重视。     

中药现代化研究与化学计量学

本文对近年来发展的中药指纹图谱技术及相应的化学计量学方法进行了讨论．在中药质量控制中,这些方法被广泛地应用于中药成品或半成品专属性和稳定性的确定．实质上,中药指纹图谱技术是一种探索中药复杂性的高通量整体性分析方法,所以,对其进行更深入的定性定量分析将对进一步全面控制中药质量和探明中药作用机理打下良好的化学基础．结合系统生物学与生物信息学方法,似有可能探明中药的作用机理,进而更全面地对中药质量进行控制．     

高效液相色谱指纹图谱在地黄研究中的应用(Ⅰ)

长期以来,中药有效成分的提取分离和质量控制一直是中药产业中特有和尚未很好解决的问题.随着天然产物化学和现代仪器分析技术等相关学科的迅速发展,国内外在植物药及其制剂质量控制研究方面的重点均已转向利用各种仪器进行品质评价方面.中药来源于自然,其化学成分的多样性和复杂性是中药发挥其疗效的物质基础,同时也是质量评价与控制的重点与难点.中药的化学成分复杂,所体现的是综合效应和整体疗效.然而多年以来在中药的研究靠中,采取了与化学药品相同的研究思路,结果将药材及制剂内部各成分的综合作用和相互关系彼此孤立.在中药材及复方制剂质量标准的研究制定中,也往往是采用各种分析检测手段测定其中某种有效成分,并以其含量多少来判断比较某种药材的质量.这种质量控制模式很难做到全面衡量中药及其制剂的质量、疗效和稳定性.单一成分含量达标并不能说明该中药材质量合格.指纹图谱质量控制模式能综合反映某一特定药材各主要组分及其相对含量.因此它比测定任何一种或几种成分所提供的信息都丰富和有用的多.中药提取物在给定的实验条件下所得到色谱指纹图谱反映了该中药的化学组成及其含量分布状况,其特征峰可作为鉴别中药的依据.本文研究结果表明,利用色谱指纹图谱的相关参数来对中药原药材的质量进行控制,进而使中成药的质量得到保证,此方法的运用是切实可行的.另外,在有效成分不明确的前提下,利用色谱指纹图谱来评价中药的质量是有其意义的.色谱指纹图谱作为控制中药质量的新手段将在推进中药现代化进程上起到积极的作用.本文利用高效液相色谱建立了地黄的色谱指纹图谱.采用反相C18柱(5μm,150 mm×4.6 mm)、流动相甲醇:水(V/V=5:95)、检测波长为280 nm、流速1.0 mL/min进行试验.根据相对保留值和相对面积值对色谱指纹图谱进行分析对比研究,建立了控制地黄药材质量的新方法.该法为中药样品的鉴定提供了较全面的信息.     

中药指纹图谱研究的某些进展与展望

在中药现代化的过程中,中药的质量控制标准直接影响到中药的国际化问题。近年来,国内很多学者对中药指纹图谱用于质量控制的问题进行了深入的研究,取得了很多成果。本文着重就近几年来中药指纹图谱的某些进展进行了综述,内容包括气相色谱指纹图谱、液相色谱指纹图谱以及其他指纹图谱。最后就指纹图谱研究的发展提出了几点看法。共引用文献161篇。     

人工蚕蛹虫草和冬虫夏草水溶性成分的相对归属分析

为对相近中药的化学指纹图谱进行比较研究,充分利用联用色谱所得的光谱、色谱信息与光谱相关色谱方法,分析了蚕蛹虫草和冬虫夏草的水溶性成分的异同,实现了蚕蛹虫草和冬虫夏草水溶性成分化学指纹图谱中相应化学组分的归属分析。其中,蚕蛹虫草和冬虫夏草有5个共有组分,分别有4个和6个相异组分。实验表明：该方法可对复杂中药成分及其指纹图谱进行快速比较分析。     

基于信息融合的中药多元色谱指纹图谱相似性计算方法

摘要用信息融合算法合并多张色谱指纹图谱, 解决中药多元指纹图谱相似性评价难题, 提出一种多元色谱指纹图谱相似度计算方法. 用该方法先对各单元指纹图谱进行串行或并行象素级信息融合, 再对融合了各指纹峰信息的多元色谱指纹图谱进行相似度评价. 计算机仿真和复方丹参滴丸多元HPLC指纹图谱应用结果表明, 该法能够评价中药多元色谱指纹图谱相似度, 定量表征中成药产品批次间质量波动情况.     

色谱技术在中药指纹图谱研究中的应用

 介绍了气相色谱、高效液相色谱、超临界流体色谱和高速逆流色谱等几种色谱技术在中药指纹图谱研究中的应用现状,以及使用模糊聚类分析和人工神经网络分析指纹图谱对中药进行模式识别和质量鉴定的方法。     

关于中药质量控制与体内代谢研究的思考

质量控制是保证中药安全、有效的重要基础。体内代谢研究可以为阐明中药的治病机制提供依据。本文以蟾酥为例,讨论了当前中药质量控制及体内代谢研究存在的主要问题和解决办法:认为把中药指纹图谱的全面指认与多指标成分定量相结合是有效控制中药质量的可行途径;液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC/MS)将在中药化学研究、体内代谢研究等方面发挥重要作用;中药的化学指纹图谱应与药理活性相关联,从而建立合理的中药质量评价体系;结构修饰对基于天然产物的新药发现具有重要意义。     

基于牛舌草指纹图谱的多指标成分相对定量与鉴别方法

色谱指纹图谱法在中草药产地鉴别或中成药鉴别中发挥着重要作用,然而色谱峰强度和位置易受目标物提取和分离条件的影响,发展更加准确的指纹图谱具有重要意义。该文以色谱峰中某一个常见组分（芦丁）作为内标,分析其他组分的相对含量,以相对含量作为指纹图谱信息,结合化学模式识别可以精确给出产地的相似度。以牛舌草的液相色谱指纹图谱指纹峰为例,以其中芦丁的组分峰作为基准峰,其他指纹峰以芦丁为参照,计算每个指纹峰以芦丁计的含量,建立了牛舌草的指纹图谱。将获得的相对含量指纹图谱采用系统聚类分析和主成分分析进行化学模式识别研究,实现了不同产地牛舌草的区分。该方法建立了牛舌草多指标成分的相对定量与鉴别方法,既节省资源,又具有可操作性,对于其他中药或中成药的质量控制具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Chemometrics and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine

Development of chromatographic fingerprinting and its related chemometric methods in the research of quality control of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) are discussed. The quality control methods for guarantying the authentication and stability of products and semi-products of TCMs are firstly assessed. The technique based on chromatographic fingerprinting is essentially a kind of high-through put and integral tools to explore the complexity of herbal medicines. In order to further control the comprehensive quality of TCMs,confirmation and identification of their important chemical components are necessary. Some new strategies are proposed to trace the chemical changes of chromatographic fingerprints both in product processing and/or after their administration by modern chromatographic techniques and chemometrics. Combined with systems biology and bioinformatics,it seems possible for one to reveal the working mechanism of TCMs and to further control their intrinsic quality comprehensively.     

Chromatographic fingerprinting and metabolomics for quality control of TCM

Chromatographic fingerprinting technique of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has proved to be a comprehensive strategy for assessing the intact quality of herbal medicine. In general, one could use the chromatographic techniques to obtain a relatively complete picture of herbal medicines, which are in common called chromatographic fingerprints of herbal medicines to represent the so-called phytoequivalence. Based on this, the features of chromatographic fingerprints of herbal medicines have been discussed in some detail. The technique based on chromatographic fingerprinting is essentially a kind of high-throughput and integral tools to explore the complexity of herbal medicines. In order to further control the comprehensive quality of TCMs, some new strategies are proposed to trace the chemical changes of chromatographic fingerprints both in product processing and/or after their administration by modern chromatographic techniques and chemometrics. Combined with metabolomics, it seems possible for one to reveal the working mechanism of TCMs and to further control their intrinsic quality. Finally, the intensive study of chromatographic fingerprinting coupled with multivariate analysis tools developed in bioinformatics and chemometrics are emphasized in order to achieve the aim to reveal the working mechanisms of TCMs and to further control and strengthen TCMs' intrinsic quality in a comprehensive manner.     

Recent analytical approaches in quality control of traditional Chinese medicines—A review

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are gaining more and more attention all over the world, due to their specific theory and long historical clinical practice. But the uncontrollable quality is a bottleneck for its modernization and globalization. This paper reviewed the recent analytical methods in the quality control of TCMs, including screening strategies of bioactive markers from TCMs through biochromatographic methods, the traditional chromatographic methods, DNA methods, as well as the spectroscopic methods, including FT-IR, NIR and NMR. The comprehensive methods, such as fingerprint and multi-component quantification are emphasized; hyphenated techniques, like HPLC-MS, GC-MS, CE-MS, LC-NMR, chemometric methods, and combination of chemical and biological methods, such as biofingerprint, metabolic fingerprint are now more and more widely used in TCMs. In a few word, the analysis and quality control of TCMs are moving towards an integrative and comprehensive direction, in order to better address the inherent holistic nature of TCMs.     

Chromatographic fingerprinting and related chemometric techniques for quality control of traditional Chinese medicines

Development of chromatographic fingerprint (CF) and related chemometric methods and their applications to quality control of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) were discussed. CF is essentially a kind of quality control method for TCMs (or Chinese herbal medicines). Also, it is a quality‐relevant‐data high‐throughput and integral tool to explore chemically the complexity of TCMs. With the help of chemometrics, some difficulties in evaluation and analysis of CFs, such as calculation of information content, peak alignment, pattern analysis, deconvolution of overlapping peaks, etc. could be well solved. To further explore TCMs synergic quality, intensive study of CF coupled with chemometrics will create the possibility to achieve the aim to reveal the working mechanisms of TCMs and to further control and strengthen TCMs' intrinsic quality in a comprehensive manner.     

Fingerprint analysis of Ligusticum chuanxiong using hydrophilic interaction chromatography and reversed-phase liquid chromatography

Fingerprint analysis is considered one of the most powerful approaches to quality control in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). In this study, a binary chromatographic fingerprint analysis was developed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) to gain more chemical information about polar compounds and weakly polar compounds. This method was used to construct a chromatographic fingerprint of Ligusticum chuanxiong. The two chromatographic methods demonstrated good precision, reproducibility, and stability, with relative standard deviations of <2% for retention time and 7% for peak area for both HILIC and RPLC separations. Data from the analysis of 14 samples by HILIC and RPLC were processed with similarity analysis, with correlation coefficients and congruence coefficients. This binary fingerprint analysis, using two chromatographic modes, is a powerful tool for characterizing the quality of samples, and can be used for the comprehensive quality control of TCMs.     

中药质量控制技术发展展望

本文从中药产业需求、现代化需求、技术需求、机遇与挑战等方面概括了中药质量控制技术发展的背景;讨论了中药质量控制技术对于提高中药药效和安全性、推动产业发展和推进中药国际化的意义;综述了中药质量控制技术的现状,分析了在过程控制、安全性控制、标准品和对照品制备、指纹图谱技术等方面的不足;提出了中药质量控制技术应重点发展以分离和表征技术为主的中药质量控制关键技术、中药安全性控制技术、中药质量控制标准体系、中药质量控制原创性技术和中药标准品、对照品生产技术,制定技术标准,建立具有中药特色的过程控制和产品质量控制标准。     

Recent developments in sample preparation techniques for chromatography analysis of traditional Chinese medicines

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have a long history dating back thousands of years. Recently, there has been increasing interest worldwide in the use of TCMs for the prevention and treatment of various illnesses. In China, a large number of analytical tools, especially chromatographic techniques have been used to analyze the constituents of TCMs in order to control their quality and discover new bioactive compounds. In this paper, recent developments in sample preparation techniques for the extraction, clean-up, and concentration of analytes from TCMs are compared. These techniques include headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), headspace liquid-phase microextraction (HS-LPME), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE), pressurized-liquid extraction (PLE), and microwave distillation (MD).     

中药指纹图谱技术研究现状

中药指纹图谱特指中药样本经光谱或色谱等现代分析技术得到的中药各组分群体特征的图谱或图象。凭借实用的指纹图谱既可确认中药材或中药制剂的真伪,同时又能判断其质量的稳定与否。本文对中药指纹图谱技术研究领域内的国内外现状及主要技术进行了综述。     

中药分析新思路及其质量控制

随着国家对中药现代化的重视,为了更好地诠释中药药性的本质,研究者从不同角度对中药进行研究。分析化学、药学、生物学等多学科的多种不同的技术在这里融合,一些新的思路和方法正在不断涌现,中药的分析与质量控制正沿着综合且全面的方向在不断地发展和前进。该文对当前中药分析新思路及其质量控制进行了简要评述,在此基础上,对中药质量控制的色谱指纹图谱进行了分类说明与研究,表明采用现代分析手段,可以实现对中药质量的有效控制。