燃气-蒸汽联合循环余热回收系统性能研究

燃气发电是我国城市供电的主要形式之一,针对LNG接收站一体的电厂发电模式进行研究,提出一种新型燃气-蒸汽联合循环热电联供系统,利用超临界CO₂布雷顿循环结合有机朗肯循环(ORC)辅助发电,将LNG作为冷源,对烟气余热进行三级利用。通过构建热力学和经济模型,以Aspen Plus软件模拟值为基础,结果表明:在消耗燃料1.704 kg/s(LNG)的条件下,联合循环净发电功率可达45 MW,供热量41.5 MW,余热利用率,热效率和?效率分别为88.50%,52.79%和46.69%。结合热-经济学与参数分析,利用Matlab优化后的最小单位发电成本为0.1529 CNY/kWh。考虑到碳排放价格,供电、供热、供气收益,燃料价格和设备成本,电厂每年的理想收益可达2989.5万元。     

余热型燃气-蒸汽联合循环热力特性参数的最优化

理论和实践证明,各种联合循环均存在有使循环热效率达最高值的热力特性参数最优化组合.寻求这样的最优化组合是十分重要的. 一、最优化数学模型 由热力学知,联合循环发电装置的热效率η是与燃气循环参数及系统、蒸汽循环参数及系统、燃料特性、各组成元件的内效率及压力保持系数、联合循环的型式、燃机与汽机功率比等诸因素有关的多元函数,很难求得解析表达式.本文选取次要影响因素为确定值,     

基于循环拆分法的S-CO2燃煤发电优化研究

对于S-CO₂燃煤发电系统，系统复杂难以横向比较，拆分法通过对循环流量分配，能够梳理循环回热过程并进行循环间的比较，应用循环拆分法有助于对复杂燃煤发电系统的性能进行分析。本文以再压缩循环(RC)为例，构建了集成冷却器热量回收(CHR)和烟气冷却器法(FGC)的S-CO₂燃煤发电系统(RC+LFGC+CHR)，论证了拆分法在分析燃煤发电系统中的优势。当主气参数为620?C/28 MPa时，应用拆分法分析，RC+FGC+CHR可等效为在热效率49.21%的RC基础上，叠加热效率为57.49%的子循环(SSC+LFGC+CHR)，故RC+FGC+CHR效率(49.80%)高于RC(49.21%)。     

排气全燃型联合循环设计点性能简明估计公式

排气全燃型联合循环设计点性能简明估计公式蔡睿贤（中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京１０Ｏ０８０）关键词：排气全燃型联合循环，热力分析主要符号表Ｈｕ燃料热值Ｌ燃料理论空气量ｌ比功Ｐ单位能量价格Ｒ燃气轮机与蒸汽轮机的功率比α过量空气系数β摩尔燃料系数△增量η...     

用于IGCC的燃气轮机技术方案与性能预测

主要符号表T温度G质量流量。压气机压比。压气机进口导叶安装角N功率X。压损系数X。。氮气回注系数X。;,空分整体化系数下标a空气cg煤气0烧天然气时设计工况。氮气as空分装置f燃料O。氧气1Bu8整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）燃气轮机与常规的燃机有很大的差异［“l。它改烧中低热值的合成煤气,其燃料量比烧高热值的油气时要增大几倍;不同空分方案和采用不同的NZ回注掺混量时,情况就更为复杂。透平工质流量比压气机空气流量相差很多,燃气轮机总是处于复杂的变工况状态。2IGCC中燃气轮机技术方案归纳IGCC中燃气轮机可行的技术方案…     

循环参数对微型有机朗肯循环系统性能的影响

为探究ORC系统循环参数对系统性能的影响,以R123为工作流体,在热力学分析的基础上对微型ORC系统建立数学模型,探究工质质量流量、冷却水流量以及热源温度对ORC系统性能特征的影响,结果表明三者的增加均能提升系统循环净功、循环热效率、发电功率以及发电效率,从而有助于提高系统的热力性能,系统循环净功与发电功率最大值分别为0.558 kW、0.167 kW;系统所达到最大热效率和最大发电效率分别为8.96%和2.61%。     

槽式太阳能集热系统的实验研究

本文设计搭建了槽式太阳能集热系统性能测试平台,通过不同工况下的实验测试数据分析了影响槽式太阳能集热系统性能的主要因素;针对槽式集热器的瞬时效率、集热效率及换热器的热损失系数展开了实验测试与分析计算,讨论了工质流量变化对槽式集热系统性能的影响规律。实验结果表明:晴朗天气瞬时集热效率在0.35～0.65范围内变化,换热器热损失系数在1 W/(m~2·℃)以下,研究结果为槽式太阳能集热系统大规模应用提供一定参考价值。     

基于甲烷燃烧的热电转换特性实验研究

本文介绍了基于温差热电转换原理的小型燃烧温差热电转换系统,并通过实验研究了小型甲烷燃烧器的性能特点,并对影响温差发电系统发电性能的因素进行了研究分析.实验表明:小型燃烧器工作稳定可靠,可燃流量范围和着火当量比范围较宽;负载电阻、当量比、输入能量(燃料流量)以及外界换热条件都会对系统的功率输出和效率产生明显的影响.实验中获得了最高569 mW的功率输出和0.55%的系统发电效率.     

联合循环中蒸汽底循环系统稳态全工况特性模型及计算分析

主要符号表GI质流量US换热能力系数d水、蒸汽侧参数h比烩值。对流换热系数g烟气侧参数k换热系数p。HRSG传热效率h高压段参数NP底循环压力级数西几对数平均温差l低压段参数Q换热器热交换量下标：如人口参数S换热面积0基准点参数O。t出日参数1Bua随着燃气轮机性能参数逐年提高，排气温度也相应升高，需要更有效地回收排气余热、因此，优化设计蒸汽底循环，对其进行较准确的全工况性能计算分析愈显重要。已有对联合循环中蒸汽底循环的分析或多或少存在着一些局限性。最普遍的局限性是，对底循环系统匹配和构成方式研究不深人或不全面，多…     

IGCC空气侧整体综合优化的研究

主要符号表X。。氮气回注系数如空分整体化系数E。；c燃气轮机压气机效率G。l回注氮气流量万燃气轮机透平前温尼。”系统相对效率G。。煤气氮气掺混流量Ea；，c空气专用压缩机效率N。”系统相对功率1前言整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）系统模拟与优化逐步受到重视，开展了许多相关研究［‘－‘］。但是，现有的方法［‘，‘］一个突出的问题，它是在设定的具体流程方案下的数值分析，这常常导致落入“局部优化掩盖了整体最优”的误区。本文是研究以空分系统为中心的空气侧子系统的整体优化，阐述基本概念，尝试新方法，并结合大型商业化装…     

Minimization of low-temperature microbending losses in initially curved tightly jacketed double-coated optical fibres

Thermally induced microbending losses in initially curved tightly jacketed double-coated optical fibres at low temperature are investigated. The initial deflections are described by a more general formula. The deflections in an initially curved fibre increase gradually with increasing thermally induced compressive axial force, and result in an increase of microbending loss. In order to minimize such a microbending loss, the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the primary coating should be increased. The best value of the Poisson's ratio of the primary coating is 0.5. On the other hand, the thickness of the primary coating, the Young's modulus and effective thermal expansion coefficient of the secondary coating, and the thickness, Young's modulus and effective thermal expansion coefficient of the jacket should be decreased. These results are compared to those of double-coated optical fibres. Thermally induced lateral pressure in the glass fibre can also produce microbending loss. When the effects of axial force and lateral pressure on the microbending losses are both considered, the optimum selection of polymeric coatings is to let the lateral pressure be less than zero, and the magnitude of lateral pressure and the ratio of the final-initial deflection be as small as possible. When the material properties of polymeric coatings and their thicknesses are selected, there are two ways to achieve the optimum design.     

光学遥感器轻质反射镜的结构—热优化设计

针对在轻质反射镜结构设计中通常只根据力学性能对镜体结构参数进行优化的现状,提出了对轻质反射镜进行结构 热优化设计的理论与方法。通过建立反射镜体的参数化有限元模型,在保证一定的轻量化率和较小的自重变形的前提下,以减小反射镜体的热变形为优化目标,对镜体结构参数进行二次优化设计,结果表明经过结构 热优化设计的镜体相比于原设计方案,在相同的波面误差指标下能够承受更大的温度载荷,热稳定性得到显著提高。     

微槽平板热管传热性能的实验研究

本文对内部蒸汽通道互相连通的微细矩形槽道结构的不锈钢-水、铜-水热管的传热性能,进行了较全面的实验研究。分析了热管充液率、工作温度、倾角、冷却方式等因素对热管传热性能的影响,得到微型热管的最佳充液率范围、当量导热系数和热管的传热能力。     

Strengthening of highly heat-resistant liquid-crystal polymer fibers upon heat treatment

Fibers of fully aromatic thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers containing mesogenic groups in the backbone are prepared on laboratory machines that make it possible to vary the conditions of jet spinning and subsequent heat treatment. The thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer fibers are investigated using differential thermal and thermomechanical analyses and strength measurements. It is found that, after spinning under optimum conditions, the strength of the fibers at room temperature is approximately equal to 1 GPa. After heat treatment under specially chosen conditions, the strength increases by a factor of two or three due to an increase in the activation energy of fracture. The role of crystallization and cross-linking in strengthening of liquid-crystal polymer fibers is elucidated.     

Application of in-situ temperature programmed techniques to catalytic oxidation reactions on conducting mixed oxides

A test bed for development of catalysts in a temperature programmed reactor is described. The effluent species are monitored in real time. Such data are collected into spreadsheet arrays which can be interrogated to yield kinetic data. An appropriate reactor design can therefore proceed directly from laboratory measurements to generate whole plant simulation analysis and commercial evaluation. For the oxidative coupling of methane, the hydrocarbon to oxygen ratio in the feed is of particular importance since the state of oxidation plays a significant role in determining the selectivity of the catalyst to the optimum product distribution. Homogeneous gas phase reactions may also occur at high temperatures, hence the reactor volume both upstream and downstream of the catalyst must also be considered. The stability of the catalyst under reactor conditions can be further assessed by following temperature programmed, thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analyses in diverse oxidizing, reducing or reaction atmospheres. Temperature programmed AC electrical measurements also give further insight into changes in the catalyst both at the surface and in the bulk as chemical reactions proceed. Examples of these techniques on a variety of mixed oxides such as Li-Ni-Co-O, La-Sr-Co-Fe-O and K-β′' alumina are presented. Paper presented at the 4th Euroconference on Solid State Ionics, Renvyle, Galway, Ireland     

燕尾槽微小型热管的实验研究

本文对具有燕尾形(开式三角形)轴向槽道的微小型铜—水平板热管的传热性能,以及热管的倾角、充液率和槽道结构对其性能的影响进行了实验研究。结果表明,重力对热管性能的提高有辅助作用;热管的最佳充液率为1.2左右;燕尾形槽道结构较矩形槽平板热管性能更优越。     

光纤热极化过程的实时测试研究

通过热极化可以使中心对称的熔石英光纤中产生二阶非线性效应和线性电光效应。为了解各热极化过程参量对热极化产生的线性电光效应的影响,利用全保偏光纤马赫一曾德尔干涉仪构造了一套光纤热极化的实时线性电光效应测试系统,并利用其进行了光纤热极化全过程的监控测试。在线测试了热极化过程的一些参量,例如极化电压、极化时间、以及极化温度等对热极化光纤中产生的线性电光效应的影响。实时测试研究表明,在光纤中施加尽可能高的极化电场将可能在光纤中产生较高的线性电光效应。对侧边抛磨光纤结构的热极化器件,考虑到器件的抗强电场击穿能力,可选用3．o～4．0kV左右的极化直流电压。当施加3．0kV左右的极化电压时,热极化优化时间约为16min,最佳热极化加热温度约为190℃。     

异面腔四频差动激光陀螺的智能选模

针对异面腔四频差动激光陀螺(DILAG)工作模式不确定性和跳模对其性能的负面影响,提出了根据开机时腔体温度快速选择最优初始模的智能选模方法。分析了纵模阶数对DILAG的零偏和比例因子的影响以及跳模的危害,指出选择最优初始模是在现有基础上进一步提高DILAG性能的重要方法。通过温度实验做出了最优模相应的压电换能器(PZT)驱动电压随温度的变化曲线,为建立选模模型提供了基本依据。实验表明,智能选模使腔长控制系统加电后能快速稳定在最优初始模,减小了跳模几率,提高了腔长控制电路的鲁棒性和自适应性,对改善DILAG的性能、可靠性具有实用价值。     

激光测距仪信噪比与激光发散角最佳值的选取

研讨激光测距仪的信噪比和激光发散角如何选取最佳值的问题。如果信噪比为SNR，激光发散角为θt，则取SNR θt^2最小时的信噪比和激光发散角为最佳值。     

Thermal analysis and water-cooling design of the CSNS MEBT 324 MHz buncher cavity

At least two bunchers are needed in the 3MeV H^－ Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line located between RFQ and DTL for the CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source). A nose-cone geometry has been adopted as the type of buncher cavity for its simplicity, higher impedance and lower risk of multipacting. By making use of the results got from the simulations on the buncher with two-dimension code SUPERFISH, the thermal and structural analyses have been carried out, the process and results to determine the resulting frequency shift due to thermal and structural distortion of the cavity are presented, the water-cooling channel position and the optimum cooling water temperature as well as the tuning method by adjusting the cooling water temperature when the cavity is out of resonance are also determined through the analyses.