温度和支撑方式对1.2 m SiC主镜面形的影响分析

为了研究温度和支撑方式对大口径SiC主镜用于地基望远镜的影响,基于1.2 m SiC主镜建立了有限元模型,分析了主镜在被动支撑和自由膨胀时,恒定温度场,轴向温度梯度,径向温度梯度和内外温差等对主镜面形的影响.结果表明,存在温度梯度时,支撑方式影响不明显,无论是被动支撑还是自由膨胀,镜面面形均很大.在达到热平衡后,即稳态温度场下,支撑方式的影响明显,只有在主镜自由膨胀时,温度对主镜面形的影响比较小,镜面的RMS<0.02 nm/℃.因此如果主镜采用柔性支撑或浮动支撑方式,大口径SiC主镜可以应用在地基望远镜中.     

温度对大口径主镜面形变形的影响分析

从理论上论述了温度梯度对主镜面形变形的影响,分析了当光轴位置不同、主镜支撑方式不同时,在轴向温度梯度和径向温度梯度作用下的面形变形。通过计算,得出轴向温度梯度对面形变形的影响要远大于径向温度梯度对面形的影响,而且镜面变形不仅与主镜的线胀系数和其他材料、结构特性参数有关,与温度梯度的大小和方向均有密切的关系。     

1.2m轻量化SiC主镜支撑系统优化设计

针对1.2 m轻量化SiC主镜,提出了轴向支撑采用18点Whiffle-tree结构结合压杆结构,侧向支撑采用A-Frame柔性机构结合切向支撑机构的支撑方案。从原理上对该主镜支撑方案进行了分析,说明了采用以上两种结构的优点;通过有限元方法对各个机构参数进行了分析、优化,并对整体结构进行了静力学以及热学仿真。实验显示：在参考温度下主镜面形精度（RMS）值为3.5 nm;温差达到40℃时,RMS值为11.1 nm。该设计方案满足了1.2 m轻量化SiC主镜的支撑要求,同时可以很好地抵消热应力对主镜的影响。     

考虑接触边界条件的经纬仪主镜面形误差分析

为了精确分析经纬仪主镜的面形均方根,对主镜支撑连接球绞的仿真方法进行研究.建立了主镜支撑系统的有限元模型,对比了刚性连接、约束节点自由度和接触边界条件三种球绞的仿真方法.采用接触边界条件方法仿真得到的主镜面形均方根值为16.37nm,应用干涉仪检测得到主镜在径向支撑状态下的面形均方根值为17.53nm,仿真结果与实验结果的偏差为6.62%.实验结果显示三种方法中,接触边界条件法能较准确地获得主镜面形均方根值,用此方法对主镜径向支撑结构进行了参数化分析,获得径向支撑位置、长度和宽度对主镜面形的影响规律,可以为主镜面形的精确分析及主镜支撑结构设计提供参考.     

经纬仪主镜在支撑系统下的面形变化

为研究在重力作用下主镜支撑系统对经纬仪主镜处于不同工作角度时面形误差的影响,以600 mm口径主镜为研究对象,利用Abaqus软件分别建立了600 mm主镜在加工状态下和工作状态下的有限元支撑模型,并进行了重力变形分析,然后借助4D干涉仪对在不同支撑系统下的主镜进行相关的面形检测。实验结果表明,在吊带支撑系统和主镜室支撑系统下,主镜的自身面形误差RMS为16.18 nm和16.90 nm。利用有限元分析了理想状态的主镜在不同仰角工况下的面形误差,结合主镜自身的面形误差,计算得到了主镜面形误差在光轴由水平变化到竖直的过程中逐渐变大,其RMS最大为19.58 nm,表明该主镜室支撑系统具有良好支撑效果,可满足工程要求,同时也验证了主镜室支撑系统有限元理论模型的准确性。     

大口径平背形主镜支撑方式的选择

支撑方式对主镜面形的变化有十分重要的影响。为了使主镜的安装支撑既能保证面形变化最小,又能保证在不同仰角时位置不变动,需要对主镜的支撑方式进行分析和选择。通过对一个口径为600mm、中心孔径为200mm、光学表面曲率半径为2130mm的实体镜在各种支撑情况下的变形大小进行分析,并综合考虑加工、一阶共振频率及工作时的旋转因素后,最终确定了一种满足设计要求的优选支撑方案。     

空间相机中主镜及其支撑方案设计与分析方法

叙述了现代空间相机对主镜的特殊要求。总结了主镜对空间相机性能具有重要影响的主要因素,即形状、材料、轻量化形式、支撑方式、微重力的影响和热尺寸稳定性等,并说明了在设计时应考虑的问题。重点论述了在对主镜进行分析时的多学科集成仿真方法、一般分析过程和迭代仿真分析策略,以及有限元法的工程分析的误差和光学元件面形评价方法。实践证明,该研究方法在空间相机设计与制造中是切实可行的。     

1m口径主反射镜支撑系统的优化设计

应用有限元法并借助有限元分析软件建立了主镜的三维实体有限元模型,对1m主镜的支撑系统进行了优化设计。分析比较了两种常用主镜侧支撑结构,优化确定了轴向支撑半径、侧支撑方式和侧支撑点位置。分析计算显示主镜处于不同俯仰角位置时的最大面形精度RMS值为5.3nm,满足设计指标要求,该有限元优化设计方法和过程不受主镜直径及厚度的影响,适用于平面、球面、非球面甚至异形面主镜的设计。结果表明了所设计的支撑系统方案的合理性与可行性。     

8m能动薄主镜侧支撑设计

薄主镜支撑系统分为轴向和侧向支撑两部分,侧向支撑承担主镜垂直于光轴方向的重力分量。介绍了pushpull-shear侧支撑及能动校正原理,并针对一块8 m口径薄主镜进行了侧支撑设计。设计了5种备选侧支撑方案,并考虑到主镜对面形的能动校正能力,借助有限元计算对它们进行了分析和比较,选出了一种最佳方案作为8 m薄主镜的侧支撑方案。该侧支撑方案共有64个侧支撑点,每个侧支撑点仅施加沿主镜切向的支撑力。当主镜竖直放置时,主镜能动校正后的镜面均方根值为19.2 nm,校正力范围为-318.9~301.4 N。相比传统push-pull-shear侧支撑方式,该侧支撑方案结构简单,易于实现,同时支撑效果良好。     

离轴反射式平行光管结构设计及主镜背部柔性支撑仿真分析北大核心CSCD

设计了一款可用于白光瞄准镜多参数检测的离轴反射式平行光管。针对在使用工况中,低频振动环境对主镜面形误差影响过大的问题,提出一种主镜背部柔性支撑方案,并对主镜柔性支撑的重要结构参数进行了优化。同时对RTV胶的特性进行分析,计算出环形RTV胶的有效属性和等效模量倍率。仿真结果表明,主镜组件在1-g重力作用下,面形误差RMS值和PV值分别为0.79nm、3.66nm,能满足系统指标对于平行光管面形的要求。平行光管整体的一阶模态频率为496.38Hz,具有良好的抗低频振动的能力,在热力耦合作用下,主镜面形误差均满足RMS值≤λ/30,PV值≤λ/10的设计要求,1000N力作用下的最大应力小于材料的屈服极限。主镜采用柔性支撑的离轴反射式平行光管的动态性能与面形精度能满足设计要求。     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...