有机季鏻盐插层改性黏土诱发聚丙烯γ晶

选用有机季鏻盐作为插层剂对黏土进行有机化插层改性,制备出有机黏土,通过熔融插层法制备聚丙烯/有机黏土纳米复合材料.XRD表明有机季鏻盐改性的黏土与聚丙烯形成结构为剥离型与插层型并存的纳米复合材料.利用DSC研究了纳米复合材料的熔融过程,结果显示有机黏土对聚丙烯的结晶度影响不明显.XRD和DSC的研究均表明,有机黏土可以诱发聚丙烯产生不常见的γ晶型.当黏土含量为5 wt%时,γ晶型占整个结晶部分的12%左右.     

有机季鏻盐插层改性黏土诱发聚丙烯γ晶

选用有机季鏻盐作为插层剂对黏土进行有机化插层改性,制备出有机黏土,通过熔融插层法制备聚丙烯/有机黏土纳米复合材料.XRD表明有机季鏻盐改性的黏土与聚丙烯形成结构为剥离型与插层型并存的纳米复合材料.利用DSC研究了纳米复合材料的熔融过程,结果显示有机黏土对聚丙烯的结晶度影响不明显.XRD和DSC的研究均表明,有机黏土可以诱发聚丙烯产生不常见的γ晶型.当黏土含量为5 wt%时,γ晶型占整个结晶部分的12%左右.     

土壤地球化学在广南斗月金矿中的应用

对现已发现的超大型金矿和国内金矿资源进行统计,结果表明,大型、超大型矿床中与微细浸染型金矿相对应的金矿成因类型(如渗滤热液型金矿、含碳浅变质碎屑岩型金矿等)占有很大比例。因此开展对微细浸染型金矿的研究和找矿具有重要的实际意义。在广南斗月金矿开展1∶10000土壤地球化学测量(简称化探),了解测区以Au为主的As、Sb、Hg、Ag土壤地球化学背景,确定化探异常下限,圈定Au、As、Sb、Hg、Ag化探(次生晕)异常,根据各异常面积的大小、浓度的高低以及五个元素异常套合(组合)情况等综合因素,对化探综合异常进行评序和分级,结合地质简测等地质资料的综合研究分析,判别具有潜在找矿价值的异常区,为进一步地质勘探工作提供靶区。     

《风化壳淋积型稀土矿化工冶金》评介

池汝安博士和田君研究员合著的《风化壳淋积型稀土矿化工冶金》一书、已由科学出版社于2006年9月出版。该书由上、下两篇共12章组成。上篇重点论述风化壳淋积型稀土矿的成因、稀土矿石性质、稀土在矿石中的赋存状态、稀土与黏土矿物的关系、稀土在风化壳中的迁移富集与分馏及稀     

高色纯度的红色掺杂型电致发光材料的合成及其性能研究

以吡喃腈作为电子受体、吲哚啉作为电子给体单元, 合成了一种吲哚啉衍生物DADIN作为高色纯度的红色掺杂型电致发光材料, 并对其溶液特性和有机电致发光器件性能进行了研究. 相对于柯达公司经典掺杂型红色发光材料DCJTB, 该发光材料的合成简单、提纯工艺易行、产率高, 并具有更纯正的红色发光. 研究表明, 以DADIN作为掺杂型电致发光材料的有机电致发光器件的电流效率是DCJTB的1.5倍, 实为DCJTB理想的替代品.     

凹凸棒石:从矿物材料到功能材料

凹凸棒石(attapulgite)是一种天然的一维纳米级含水富镁铝硅酸盐黏土矿物,具有纳米棒状晶体结构、纳米孔道和表面活性基团,作为重要的基础材料在农业、化工、环保、吸附分离和复合材料等领域得到了广泛应用.近年来,凹凸棒石纳米化技术取得快速发展,天然凹凸棒石矿物中的棒晶束或聚集体得以高效解离成单分散的纳米棒晶,同时保留了硅酸盐黏土矿物的环境友好特性,实现了黏土矿物材料向纳米材料的转变.凹凸棒石集纳米棒晶和纳米孔道于一体的独特结构,使其既可以通过棒晶和表面基团构筑纳米复合材料,也可以通过其纳米孔道构筑杂化功能材料.因此,凹凸棒石成为构筑形形色色功能材料的"新宠",实现了黏土矿物材料的纳米功能化应用.本文在介绍凹凸棒石晶体结构及理化性质的基础上,重点综述了凹凸棒石棒晶束解离纳米化、结构调控和新型功能材料构筑(吸附材料、胶体材料、杂化材料、聚合物复合材料、仿生涂层、催化和能源材料)等方面的最新研究进展,并展望了凹凸棒石研究与功能化应用的发展前景,旨在为凹凸棒石乃至其他黏土矿物及其功能材料的研究起到抛砖引玉的作用.     

山西典型高铝煤灰熔融及黏温特性改性实验研究

以山西典型高铝煤为研究对象,研究了工业助熔剂石灰石、黏土以及两者的复合助熔剂对其灰熔融特性及黏温特性的影响。结果表明,随着助熔剂含量的增加,煤灰熔融流动温度下降;石灰石的助熔效果优于黏土,复合助熔剂效果优于单一助熔剂。添加石灰石使灰渣临界黏度温度tcv显著降低,添加黏土使其渣型向玻璃渣转变,复合助熔剂较单一助熔剂存在显著协同作用,即能同时实现tcv的降低和渣型的有利转变。对山西典型高铝煤两渡煤,在复合助熔剂添加量为4%(2%石灰石+2%黏土)时,不仅其渣型向玻璃渣转变,且tcv较单独添加石灰石(2%)降低133℃,较单独添加黏土(6%)降低222℃。矿物质分析结果证实了助熔剂的助熔原理。添加复合助熔剂改性的山西高铝煤可达到工业气流床气化对煤种的要求。     

赣西北地体含金建造地球化学特征及其控矿机制

通过对赣西北地体中元古界九岭群进行的地质地球化学研究,确定该群为一Au-Ag-As-(Sb)组合的含金建造,火山作用在含金建造形成过程中起着关键作用。九岭群含金建造划分为高Au和低Au两类地球化学群,不均匀变质改造作用是二类地球化学群形成的主导因素,可利用Au, Ag, As, Ti, Cr, V等11种元素建立判别函数F_1和F_2,构造作为含金建造判别标志的F_1—F_2图解,系统探讨了区内变质热液型单金矿化和岩浆热液叠加型Au, Ag为主多金属矿化等二类金矿化类型,建立了本区金矿床的成矿模式。     

黏土基纳米复合水凝胶

介绍了一种以黏土为交联剂的新型纳米复合水凝胶, 重点阐述了水凝胶的结构特点, 制备方法及其特有的力学性能, 自修复性能, 透明度和溶胀性。     

云南临沧花岗岩带中段离子吸附型稀土矿成矿主控因素与成矿模式

云南临沧一带离子吸附型稀土矿的发现将滇西离子吸附型稀土矿的分布范围向北推移了100 km,矿体主体分布海拔推高至1800 m以上。研究区离子吸附型稀土矿赋矿岩性为黑云二长花岗岩,该岩体为分异程度较高的同碰撞成因过铝质钙碱性岩,成岩年龄为(213±2) Ma,侵位于晚三叠世。矿体主要分布于全风化层中,在平面上呈沿地形变化的面状,在剖面上呈扁豆状,蚀变主要表现为高岭土化、黏土化,离子相态率平均为53%,轻稀土平均占比为74%,为轻稀土离子吸附型稀土矿。通过对基岩性质、地形地貌、风化蚀变、气候和植被条件与稀土元素富集关系的研究,确定了临沧花岗岩风化离子吸附型稀土矿的主控因素,建立了该类矿种的找矿标志和成矿模式,发展了花岗岩风化离子吸附型稀土矿的成矿理论,以期为相似地区同类矿种的找矿工作提供参考。     

金矿石化学物相分析选择性溶剂实验探索

运用碘-碘化钾氨性溶液作为裸露及半裸露包裹金的选择性溶剂,硫代硫酸钠-亚硫酸钠溶液作碳酸盐包裹金的选择性溶剂,以及溴素-氯化钠溶液作硫化矿包裹金的选择性溶剂进行实验探索.使用国家标准物质GBW07190对方法进行评价,并对该标准物质中其他矿物中金(AAu)的这一相态做了更详细的分离,测定了其中的碳酸盐包裹金、褐铁矿包裹金、黄铁矿包裹金,石英和硅酸盐包裹金的含量.火焰原子吸收法测定金的检出限是0.05×10-6;石墨炉原子吸收法测定金的检出限是0.30×10-9.RSD为0.29%~11.6%,RE为0.11%~8.40%.方法适用于各种金矿物的相态分离,进一步细化了金的各种赋存状态,所得结果令人满意.完全满足矿床划带、选矿试验和成矿规律研究的实际需要.     

Sonochemical intercalation of preformed gold nanoparticles into multilayered clays

Multilayered Na (+)-montmorillonite clays intercalated with Au nanoparticles were synthesized by direct ultrasonic impregnation of preformed gold colloid into the clay matrix. The sonicated composite product then consists of Au nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed in the clay. The resulting clay/nano-Au composite was calcined at 800 degrees C and characterized by BET surface area analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared measurements. Nearly spherical-shaped gold nanoparticles, with a size of 6 +/- 0.5 nm, are located in the pores of clay calcined at 800 degrees C. Their nanocomposites are thermally stable as was shown by thermogravimetric analysis. No aggregation of the gold nanoparticles was observed during calcination. The proposed ultrasonic intercalation approach is an universal one and can be employed for synthesis of catalytically active metal-clay nanocomposites stable at high temperatures with high dispersability of the metal nanoparticles in the clay matrix.     

二丁基卡必醇萃淋树脂吸萃金的性能及其机理的研究

研究了二丁基卡必醇（ＤＢＣ）萃淋树脂吸萃金的机理，溶液酸效应、吸附等温线、吸附速炫、盐析剂应柱操作条件等，将该树脂用于矿样中金含是珠测定，结果与７１７离子交换树脂吸附法一致。     

云南勐满微细粒型金矿床稀土地球化学特征

云南勐满金矿床是“三江”褶皱系南端一个微细粒红土复合型金矿床,对其微细粒型金矿稀土元素地球化学方面进行了研究。结果表明,矿石与围岩的稀士元素总体特征非常相似,说明两者稀士来源基本一致。     

仲碳伯胺萃淋树脂吸萃金的性能及机理

研究了仲碳伯胺（Ｎ１９２３）萃淋树脂吸萃金的机理，溶液酸效应、吸附等温线、吸附速率、盐析剂效应及柱操作条件的影响等，将该树脂用于矿样中金含量的测定，结果与７１７＾＃离子交换树脂吸附法一致，取得了较好的结果。     

Gold Gilding and Pigment Identification on a Post-Byzantine Icon from Kastoria,Northern Greece

The investigation of gilded gold, black and red pigments from the Byzantine icon of Panagia from the church of Agioi Anargyroi Gymnasiou in Kastoria, northern Greece is the aim of this study. Small fragments, having a gold leaf finish, were detached from the icon and were analyzed by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive System (ESEM-EDS) and Raman microscopy. The chemical (EDS) composition of the gilding material revealed a high gold content alloy (Au 81.34 wt%) with trace amounts of silver (Ag 1.66 wt%), copper (Cu 0.62 wt%) and iron (Fe 0.58 wt%). The Raman spectrum of the gold leaf showed characteristic bands at 236, 369, and 468 cm^?1. The red pigment on the surface comprises of Hg, S, and minor amounts of Pb and is attributed to the minerals cinnabar (HgS) and minium (Pb₃O₄). The black pigment has high carbon content, attributed to organic material (black carbon). The micro-Raman spectroscopy provided a more detailed determination of the composition of the red and black pigments. In particular, the vivid red color was attributed to cinnabar (bands at 253 and 342 cm^?1). Particles of black carbon (bands at 1345 and 1577 cm^?1) and oxalates (band at 861 cm^?1) were determined on the black pigments. Dark regions on the pigmented surface were assigned to a mixture of cinnabar [bands at 253 and 342 cm^?1] and minium [bands at 120, 142, 288, and 545 cm^?1]. The latter lead oxides might have been used either as a dryer or a burnish agent for the gold leaf. The micro-structural and chemical analysis of several distinct strata of the icon, as observed under ESEM, revealed a red-colored stratum beneath the gold leaf, with an iron aluminosilicate composition. This is the so-called bole (red clay) commonly used as sub-strata for gilding art objects. Multiple layers of white ground material, composed of gesso (gypsum) underlie the bole strata. Moreover, one thin organic binder (animal glue) was is observed within the gesso ground of the icon.     

亚硫酸盐无氰电沉积金新工艺及机制

直接以氯金酸作为主盐、 羟基乙叉二膦酸（HEDP）作为镀液稳定剂和镀层细化剂、 结合添加剂, 组成亚硫酸盐无氰镀金新工艺; 研究镀液稳定性、 镀层形态及金电沉积机制。结果表明, HEDP可明显提升镀液稳定性;不含HEDP的亚硫酸盐镀金液中, 镀层呈棒状晶粒并随沉积时间延长而逐渐生长,导致镀层外观随镀层厚度增加由金黄色转变为红棕色。镀液含有HEDP时, 金晶粒形态由棒状转变为棱锥状, 且棱锥状晶粒随沉积时间延长生长速率较小, 镀层厚度为1 μm时仍呈现金外观。电化学实验表明金电沉积不经历成核过程。     

Lead-tin mirror formation from mixtures of red lead and tin sulphide

Mosaic gold, tin (IV) sulphide, is a yellow pigment which was known in antiquity but whose use was superseded by other more easily obtainable yellow pigments by the Renaissance. The identification of mosaic gold residues in a burnished golden mirror decoration on a XIIIth Century Spanish polychrome statue is important in that the first reference to the use of mosaic gold in the European literature dates from the XIVth Century, although the use of this material in China had been recorded some time before. In this paper, Raman spectroscopy, XRD and SEM are used in the analysis of the conditions required for the formation of golden mirrors using tin (IV) sulphide in admixture with dilead (II) lead (IV) tetroxide and mercury (II) sulphide. From these results, it is proposed that the major reactions are the reduction of Sn(IV) to Sn(0) with the accompanying oxidation of lead (II) oxide to lead (IV) oxide and the formation of lead (0) and lead (II) sulphide. From these results it was possible to explain the process of creation of the golden mirror from mosaic gold in the XIIIth Century.     

Non-destructive neutron activation analysis of gold and uranium in residue samples of different ore bodies

The homogenization of samples of gold ore by methanol mixing has been examined by neutron activation in the Safari-1 nuclear reactor. Activity ratios of gold-198 to neptunium-239 (for gold to uranium contents) and arsenic-76 to neptunium-239 (for arsenic to uranium contents) have been analysed to study the homogenety of the samples. In these post-cyanide residue samples, residual gold is found to be considerably less homogeneously distributed than in chemically untreated ore samples. The distribution of uranium in ore samples is not affected by chemical treatment.     

Possible ground-state structure of Au26: a highly symmetric tubelike cage

The stable tubelike Au(N) (N=26-28) has been found using the scalar relativistic all-electron density functional theory calculations, which becomes another powerful candidate for the lowest-energy Au(N), competing in energy with those space-filled structures suggested previously. Unlike the icosahedral "golden" fullerene Au32, these tubelike gold clusters may be closely related to the synthesized single-wall gold nanotubes (SWGNTs). The ground-state Au26 has a hollow tubelike structure constructed from the (6, 0) SWGNT, yielding a high-symmetry D6d cage, based upon which the most stable Au27 and Au28 can be obtained by adding one and two more capped atoms on its one end, respectively.