Unconventional magnetic correlations in DyB2C and HoB2C

Layered borocarbides RB2C (R=Dy, Ho, and Er) have been studied by powder neutron diffraction at 2-30 K. ErB2C has two-sublattice antiferromagnetic order below T(N)=16.3 K, but DyB2C and HoB2C show a coexistence of a conventional canted k=(000) ferromagnetic structure and unconventional magnetic correlations. The k=(000) phase orders at T(c)=8.5 K (DyB2C) and 7.1 K (HoB2C), but low-Q diffraction peaks from the unconventional correlations appear above T(c) with different critical temperatures for different peaks: at 8, 10.5, and 15.7 K for HoB2C. This scattering is fitted as diffraction from a Warren-type random magnetic layer lattice and may result from quadrupolar interactions between R3+ spins.     

C2H2,C2H4与K在Ru(1010)表面上共吸附的UPS研究

利用紫外光电子谱(UPS)对乙烯(C₂H₄)和乙炔(C₂H₂)气体在Ru(1010)表面的吸附及与K的共吸附进行了研究,实验结果表明:当衬底温度超过200K,乙烯即发生脱氢反应后,σ_CH和σ_CC能级均向高结合能方向移动.在室温下,σ_CH和σ_CC能级位置与乙炔在Ru(1010)表面的吸附时的分子能级完全一致.乙烯发生脱氢反应后的主要产 关键词： 乙烯 乙炔 钾 Ru(1010)表面     

High-pressure sequence of Ba3NiSb2O9 structural phases: new S = 1 quantum spin liquids based on Ni2+

Two new gapless quantum spin-liquid candidates with S = 1 (Ni(2+)) moments: the 6H-B phase of Ba(3)NiSb(2)O(9) with a Ni(2+)-triangular lattice and the 3C phase with a Ni(2/3)Sb(1/3)-three-dimensional edge-shared tetrahedral lattice were obtained under high pressure. Both compounds show no magnetic order down to 0.35 K despite Curie-Weiss temperatures θ(CW) of -75.5 (6H-B) and -182.5 K (3C), respectively. Below ~25 K, the magnetic susceptibility of the 6H-B phase saturates to a constant value χ(0) = 0.013 emu/mol, which is followed below 7 K by a linear-temperature-dependent magnetic specific heat (C(M)) displaying a giant coefficient γ = 168 mJ/mol K(2). Both observations suggest the development of a Fermi-liquid-like ground state. For the 3C phase, the C(M) perpendicular T(2) behavior indicates a unique S = 1, 3D quantum spin-liquid ground state.     

Radioactive decay speedup at T=5 K: electron-capture decay rate of (7)Be encapsulated in C(60)

The electron-capture (EC) decay rate of (7)Be in C(60) at the temperature of liquid helium (T=5 K) was measured and compared with the rate in Be metal at T=293 K. We found that the half-life of (7)Be in endohedral C(60) ((7)Be@C(60)) at a temperature close to T=5 K is 52.47+/-0.04 d, a value that is 0.34% faster than that at T=293 K. In this environment, the half-life of (7)Be is nearly 1.5% faster than that inside Be metal at room temperature (T=293 K). We then interpreted our observations in terms of calculations of the electron density at the (7)Be nucleus position inside the C(60); further, we estimate theoretically the temperature dependence (at T=0 K and 293 K) of the electron density at the Be nucleus position in the stable center inside C(60). The theoretical estimates were almost in agreement with the experimental observations.     

In situ analysis of the tensile deformation mechanisms in extruded Mg–1Mn–1Nd (wt%)

An extruded Mg–1Mn–1Nd (wt%) (MN11) alloy was tested in tension in an SEM at temperatures of 323?K (50°C), 423?K (150°C), and 523?K (250°C) to analyse the local deformation mechanisms through in situ observations. Electron backscatter diffraction was performed before and after the deformation. It was found that the tensile strength decreased with increasing temperature, and the relative activity of different twinning and slip systems was quantified. At 323?K (50°C), extension twinning, basal, prismatic ?a?, and pyramidal ?c?+?a? slip were active. Much less extension twinning was observed at 423?K (150°C), while basal slip and prismatic ?a? slip were dominant and presented similar activities. At 523?K (250°C), twinning was not observed, and basal slip controlled the deformation.     

Evidence for insulating behavior in the electric conduction of (NH(3))K(3)C(60) systems

Microwave study using the cavity perturbation technique revealed that the conductivity of the antiferromagnet (NH(3))K(3-x)Rb(x)C(60) at 200 K is already 3-4 orders of magnitude smaller than those of superconductors, K(3)C(60) and (NH(3))(x)NaRb(2)C(60), and that the antiferromagnetic compounds are insulators below 250 K without metal-insulator transitions. The striking difference in the magnitude of the conductivity between these materials strongly suggests that the Mott-Hubbard transition in the ammoniated alkali fullerides is driven by a reduction of lattice symmetry from face-centered-cubic to face-centered-orthorhombic, rather than by the magnetic ordering.     

Novel orientational ordering and reentrant metallicity in K(x)C(60) monolayers for 3 < or = x < or = 5

STM studies on K(x)C(60) monolayers reveal new behavior over a wide range of the phase diagram. As x increases from 3 to 5 K(x)C(60) monolayers undergo metal-insulator-metal reentrant phase transitions and exhibit a variety of novel orientational orderings, including a complex 7-molecule, pinwheel-like structure. The proposed driving mechanism for the orientational ordering is the lowering of electron kinetic energy by maximizing the overlap of neighboring molecular orbitals. In insulating (metallic) K(x)C(60) this gives rise to orbital versions of the superexchange (double-exchange) interaction.     

Pressure tuned ferromagnetism in CeRu(2)M(2)X (M = Al, Ga; X = B, C)

The temperature (T)-pressure (P) phase diagrams are reported for the tetragonal layered compounds CeRu(2)Al(2)B, CeRu(2)Ga(2)B, and CeRu(2)Ga(2)C, studied by magnetization, specific heat and electrical resistivity. These systems exhibit localized 4f magnetic ordering with ferromagnetic ground states at T(C)?=?12.8?K, 16.3?K, and 17.2?K, respectively. Chemical and applied pressure both increase T(C) in a similar manner. The evolution of properties with chemical and applied pressure suggests that these phase diagrams may be connected in a Doniach-like picture where CeRu(2)Al(2)B is furthest from the possible quantum phase transition and CeRu(2)Ga(2)C is the nearest.     

云杉针叶中营养元素季节动态和种间差异

为了解针叶生长发育和成熟时一系列生理生化特性和变化规律,采用方差分析、变异系数和相关分析等统计方法对欧洲云杉以及粗枝云杉半年生和一年生针叶中大量元素含量的季节动态变化进行了研究。研究表明,随着季节的变化,欧洲云杉和粗枝云杉针叶中大量元素含量的大小顺序大致相同,即N>Ca>K>P>Mg,而对大量元素的变异系数分析发现:N(C.V%=28.08)>Ca(C.V%=18.74)>K(C.V%=15.76)>P(C.V%=10.09)>Mg(C.V%=6.23)。欧洲云杉针叶中大量元素间的相关性为:P和K,Mg和K相关性均呈显著正相关;粗枝云杉针叶中大量元素间的相关性为:P和K呈显著正相关,而Ca和P,K均呈显著负相关。     

Magnetic fullerenes inside single-wall carbon nanotubes

C(59)N magnetic fullerenes were formed inside single-wall carbon nanotubes by vacuum annealing functionalized C(59)N molecules encapsulated inside the tubes. A hindered, anisotropic rotation of C(59)N was deduced from the temperature dependence of the electron spin resonance spectra near room temperature. Shortening of the spin-lattice relaxation time T(1) of C(59)N indicates a reversible charge transfer toward the host nanotubes above approximately 350 K. Bound C(59)N-C(60) heterodimers are formed at lower temperatures when C(60) is coencapsulated with the functionalized C(59)N. In the 10-300 K range, T(1) of the heterodimer shows a relaxation dominated by the conduction electrons on the nanotubes.     

Unconventional metallic magnetism in LaCrSb3

Neutron-diffraction measurements in LaCrSb3 show a coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic sublattices below T(C)=126 K, with ordered moments of 1.65(4) and 0.49(4)mu(B)/formula unit, respectively (T=10 K), and a spin-reorientation transition at approximately 95 K. No clear peak or step was observed in the specific heat at T(C). Coexisting localized and itinerant spins are suggested.     

Signatures of spin-glass behaviour in PrIr2B2 and heavy fermion behaviour in PrIr2B2C

The magnetic and transport properties of PrIr(2)B(2) and PrIr(2)B(2)C have been investigated by dc and ac magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance measurements. PrIr(2)B(2) forms in CaRh(2)B(2)-type orthorhombic crystal structure (space group Fddd). At low fields the dc magnetic susceptibility of PrIr(2)B(2) exhibits a sharp anomaly near 46 K which is followed by an abrupt increase below 10 K with a peak at 6 K, and split-up in ZFC and FC data below 46 K. In contrast, the specific heat exhibits only a broad Schottky type hump near 9 K which indicates that there is no long range magnetic order in this compound. The thermo-remanent magnetization is found to decay very slowly with a mean relaxation time τ = 3917 s. An ac magnetic susceptibility measurement also observes two sharp anomalies; the peak positions strongly depend on the frequency and shift towards high temperature with an increase in frequency, obeying the Vogel-Fulcher law as expected for a canonical spin-glass system. The two spin-glass transitions occur at freezing temperatures T(f1) = 36 K and T(f2) = 3.5 K with shifts in the freezing temperatures per decade of frequency δT(f1) = 0.044 and δT(f2) = 0.09. An analysis of the frequency dependence of the transition temperature with critical slowing down, τ(max)/τ(0) = [(T(f)-T(SG))/T(SG)](-zν), gives τ(0) = 10(-7) s and exponent zν = 8, and the Vogel-Fulcher law gives an activation energy of 84 K for T(f1) and 27.5 K for T(f2). While zν = 8 is typical for spin-glass system, the characteristic relaxation time τ(0) = 10(-7) s is very large and comparable to that of superspin-glass systems. An addition of C in PrIr(2)B(2) leads to PrIr(2)B(2)C which forms in LuNi(2)B(2)C-type tetragonal structure (space group I4/mmm) and remains paramagnetic down to 2 K. The specific heat data show a broad Schottky type anomaly, which could be fairly reproduced with CEF analysis which suggests that the ground state is a CEF-split singlet and the first excited state singlet is situated 15 K above the ground state. The Sommerfeld coefficient γ～300 mJ mol(-1) K(-2) of PrIr(2)B(2)C is very high and reflects a heavy fermion behaviour in this compound. We believe that the heavy fermion state in PrIr(2)B(2)C has its origin in low lying crystal field excitations as has been observed in PrRh(2)B(2)C.     

粗枝云杉球果营养元素的季节动态研究

为了了解球果生长发育和成熟时一系列生理生化特性和变化规律,对粗枝云杉球果内9种营养元素的季节动态变化进行了研究,研究表明:随着季节的变化,粗枝云杉球果内营养元素含量的大小顺序大致相同,即K>N>P>Mg>Ca>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu,而变异系数大小顺序为:N(C.V%=50.65)>Ca(C.V%=25.24)>Fe(C.V%=23.08)>P(C.V%=21.19)>Cu(C.V%=14.75)>Mg(C.V%=12.36)>Mn(C.V%=11.04)>K(C.V%=9.50)>Zn(C.V%=7.79)。粗枝云杉球果中营养元素间的相关性为:N和P,Mg和Zn均呈显著正相关,P和K、Mg、Cu还有Zn均呈显著正相关,K和Mg、Cu还有Zn呈显著正相关。     

Systematic effects of carbon doping on the superconducting properties of Mg(B1-xCx)(2)

The upper critical field, H(c2), of Mg(B1-xCx)(2) has been measured in order to probe the maximum magnetic field range for superconductivity that can be attained by C doping. Carbon doped MgB2 filaments were prepared, and for carbon levels below 4% the transition temperatures are depressed by about 1 K/% C and H(c2)(T=0) rises by about 5 T/% C. This means that 3.8% C substitution will depress T(c) from 39.2 to 36.2 K and raise H(c2)(T=0) from 16.0 to 32.5 T. These rises in H(c2) are accompanied by a rise in resistivity at 40 K from about 0.5 to about 10 microOmega cm.     

Superconducting Single-Layer T-Graphene and Novel Synthesis Routes

Single-layer superconductors are ideal materials for fabricating superconducting nano devices.However,up to date,very few single-layer elemental superconductors have been predicted and especially no one has been successfully synthesized yet.Here,using crystal structure search techniques and ab initio calculations,we predict that a single-layer planar carbon sheet with 4-and 8-membered rings called T-graphene is a new intrinsic elemental superconductor with superconducting critical temperature(T_c)up to around 20.8 K.More importantly,we propose a synthesis route to obtain such a single-layer T-graphene,that is,a T-graphene potassium intercalation compound(C_4 K with P4/mmm symmetry)is firstly synthesized at high pressure(11.5 GPa)and then quenched to ambient condition;and finally,the single-layer T-graphene can be either exfoliated using the electrochemical method from the bulk C4 K,or peeled off from bulk T-graphite C4,where C4 can be obtained from C4 K by evaporating the K atoms.Interestingly,we find that the calculated T_c of C4 K is about 30.4 K at 0 GPa,which sets a new record for layered carbon-based superconductors.The present findings add a new class of carbon-based superconductors.In particular,once the single-layer T-graphene is synthesized,it can pave the way for fabricating superconducting devices together with other 2 D materials using the layer-by-layer growth techniques.     

Solid state water motions revealed by deuterium relaxation in 2H2O-synthesized kanemite and 2H2O-hydrated Na+-zeolite A

Deuterium NMR relaxation experiments, low temperature deuterium NMR lineshape analysis, and FTIR spectra are consistent with a new model for solid state jump dynamics of water in (2)H(2)O-synthesized kanemite and (2)H(2)O-hydrated Na(+)-Zeolite A. Exchange occurs between two populations of water: one in which water molecules are directly coordinated to sodium ions and experience C(2) symmetry jumps of their OH bonds, and a population of interstitial water molecules outside the sodium ion coordination sphere that experience tetrahedral jumps of their OH bonds. For both samples the C(2) jump rate is much faster than the tetrahedral jump rate. (2)H NMR relaxation experiments match well with the fast exchange regime of the model over a wide range of temperatures, including room temperature and above. For hydrated Zeolite A, the kinetic activation parameters for the tetrahedral and C(2) symmetry jumps are Delta H tet++=+17 kJ/mol, Delta S tet++=-109 J/(mol K), Delta H C2++=+19 kJ/mol, and Delta S C2++=-20 J/(mol K). For kanemite, Delta H tet++ =+23 kJ/mol, Delta S tet++=-69 J/(mol K), Delta H C2++ =+23 kJ/mol, and Delta S C2++ =-11 J/(mol K).     

柠檬酸钾电子注入层对有机电致发光器件的影响

使用柠檬酸钾(C₆H₅K₃O₇)作为电子注入材料,制备了多层有机电致发光器件。当柠檬酸钾阴极修饰层厚度为0.5 nm时,得到3.6 cd/A 的发光效率,高于0.5 nm LiF作阴极修饰层时的发光效率(2.5 cd/A) 。器件的开启电压相比0.5 nm LiF作阴极修饰的器件降低了0.5 V。实验结果表明,柠檬酸钾(C₆H₅K₃O₇)是一种良好的电子注入材料。     

Low-Temperature Phase Transitions in the Trigonal Modification of Cs 3 Bi 2 Br 9 and Cs 3 Sb 2 I 9

The trigonal (P-3 m1) modification of Cs 3 Bi 2 Br 9 and Cs 3 Sb 2 I 9 have been studied using NQR, X-ray single crystal and powder pattern methods. Moreover, the heat capacity was measured in a wide temperature interval: 4-300 K. In Cs 3 Bi 2 Br 9 a second-order phase transition was found at T C = 96 K. The low-temperature phase is monoclinic (C12/c1), with the unit cell doubled along the [001] direction. Cs 3 Sb 2 I 9 has a sequence of phase transitions at T C = 85 K, T i = 78 K and T L = 72.1 K. The monoclinic structure below 85 K is isomorphic with the low-temperature structure of Cs 3 Bi 2 Br 9 . According to calorimetric data the lock-in transition at 72.1 K is discontinuous.     

Search for B+/--->[K(-/+)pi(+/-)](D)K+/- and upper limit on the b-->u amplitude in B+/--->DK+/-

We search for B+/--->[K(-/+)pi(+/-)](D)K+/- decays, where [K(-/+)pi(+/-)](D) indicates that the K-/+pi(+/-) pair originates from the decay of a D0 or D (0). Results are based on 120x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-->BB decays collected with the BABAR detector at SLAC. We set an upper limit on the ratio R(Kpi) identical with[Gamma(B+-->[K(-)pi(+)](D)K+)+Gamma(B--->[K(+)pi(-)](D)K-)][Gamma(B+-->[K(+)pi(-)](D) / K+)+Gamma(B--->[K(-)pi(+)](D)K-)]<0.026 (90% C.L.). This constrains the amplitude ratio r(B) identical with|A(B--->D 0K-)/A(B--->D0K-)|<0.22 (90% C.L.), consistent with expectations. The small value of r(B) favored by our analysis suggests that the determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa phase gamma from B-->DK will be difficult.     

Adsorption sites in coadsorption systems determined by photoemission spectroscopy: K and CO coadsorbed on Rh(111)

The adsorption sites of coadsorbed K and CO on the Rh(111) surface have been determined using high-resolution core-level spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction and site-resolved photoelectron diffraction. For both a (2×2)-2CO–1K and a -6CO–1K structure, we find that the CO molecules occupy threefold hollow sites and the K atoms on-top sites, contrary to the adsorption sites of K (threefold hollow site) and CO (on-top site below 0.5 monolayers) if adsorbed alone on Rh(111). Deposition of K onto a CO precovered surface is found to induce large shifts towards lower binding energy of the C and O 1s core levels (0.7 eV for C 1s and 1.5 eV for O 1s). The major part of these shifts is shown to arise from the K-induced site change of the CO molecules. This finding may be of importance in the interpretation of XPS data of related co-adsorption systems. Finally, it is suggested that the C and O 1s binding energies provide useful fingerprints of the CO adsorption site also for co-adsorption systems.