具有窄分子量分布和羧基末端的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚苯乙烯的合成

以CuCl/TMEDA为催化剂、氯乙酸为引发剂利用原子转移自由基聚合方法在本体或溶液体系中合成了具有窄分子量分布和末段羧基的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚苯乙烯。在两种单体的本体或溶液聚合体系中,单体和氯乙酸的配料比增加,有利于聚合反应速度的加快;本体中进行的甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙烯聚合反应速率比相应的溶液聚合体系快,但是得到的最终产物的分子量分布指数Mw/Mn较宽;溶液聚合方法的使用,使聚合反应速度缓和,得到的聚合产物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚苯乙烯的Mw/Mn介于1.17-1.21和1.16-1.19之间,具有理想的窄分子量分布;动力学实验表明,聚合反应以ATRP的聚合机理进行,体现出活性/可控聚合的特征;聚合产物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚苯乙烯及其末段端基由~1HNMR表征。     

EPR-g-PS接枝共聚物的大分子单体共聚物合成及表征

将阴离子聚合所得末端带有烯丙基的窄分布聚苯乙烯大分子单体(PSallyl)与乙烯、丙烯在钒催化体系下进行共聚合,得到聚苯乙烯(PS)支链沿乙丙橡胶(EPR)主干无规分布的接枝共聚物EPR-g-PS。接枝效率为70％左右。大分子单体的分子量、加入量,催化剂浓度和聚合温度等对共聚反应及其产物结构有明显的影响。丁酮为选择沉淀剂可分离未反应的聚苯乙烯大分子单体。用紫外光谱、核磁共振、渗透压和凝胶渗透色谱法测定了纯制接枝共聚物的组成和分子量。结果表明所合成的EPR-g-PS的聚苯乙烯含量为5—45％;支链为分子量1.0—7.8×10~4的窄分布((?)=1.05—1.17)聚苯乙烯;平均支链数为1—4。     

ATRP法制备两亲性嵌段共聚物的研究

以α 溴代丙酸乙酯 (EPN Br)为引发剂、氯化亚铜 (CuCl)和联二吡啶 (bpy)组成的混合体系为催化剂 ,引发苯乙烯聚合 ,得到了端基为卤原子的单分散聚苯乙烯 (PS X)预聚体 .以此PS X为大分子引发剂、CuCl和N ,N ,N′ ,N″ ,N″ 五甲基二亚乙基三胺 (PMDETA) bpy的混合体系为催化剂 ,引发N ,N 二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAA)聚合 ,得到了分子量分布较窄的聚苯乙烯 b 聚N ,N 二甲基丙烯酰胺 (PS b PDMAA)两亲性嵌段共聚物 .考察了大分子引发剂的分子质量、聚合介质及配位剂等对聚合过程的影响 .并用GPC、IR、1 H NMR等对产物进行了表征 .研究结果表明 ,该聚合反应体系符合原子转移自由基聚合的特征 .     

超高分子量聚苯乙烯的合成和聚合反应动力学

杯芳烃钕与Mg(n Bu) 2 、HMPA所组成的三元络合催化剂用于苯乙烯配位聚合能以高收率制得超高分子量聚苯乙烯 .以甲苯为溶剂 ,在一定条件下制成三元配位催化剂 ,当 [Nd]=8× 10 - 4mol L ,[St]=4 .0mol L ,Mg Nd =2 0 .0 (摩尔比 ) ,HMPA Mg =1.0 (摩尔比 ) ,5 0℃聚合 4 5min ,聚合转化率可达到 80 %左右 .所得聚苯乙烯的重均分子量高达 2 10× 10 4 ,分子量分布指数为 1.6 1.间规聚苯乙烯含量为 81% .动力学研究表明 ,聚合反应速率与单体和主催化剂 杯 [6 ]芳烃钕的浓度分别呈 1次方关系 ,聚合反应的表观活化能为 4 1.7kJ mol     

原子转移自由基活性聚合合成PS-PMA-PS嵌段聚合物

本文采用氯化亚铜/α,α'-联吡啶配位化合物作催化剂.首先在130℃时用1-苯基氯乙烷在引发苯乙烯(St)进行原子转移自由基聚合,再以其产物PS-Cl作为大分子引发剂引发丙烯酸甲酯(MA)在反应温度为120℃时进行聚合,得到两嵌段聚合物PS-PMA-Cl.此两嵌段共聚物在特殊混合溶剂--丙酮/正丙醇(体积比7:3)中仍然可以作大分子引发剂引发苯乙烯进行原子转移自由基聚合,由于聚合体系接近于均相.所以表现出了较高的反应活性,并且合成的聚苯乙烯一聚丙烯酸甲酯一聚苯乙烯(PS-PMA-PS)三嵌段聚合物的分子量与设计值接近、分子量分布比较窄,反应的条件温和,可控性好.最后通过NMR技术对三元嵌段共聚物的结构迸行了表征.     

氧化硼对苯乙烯原子转移自由基聚合的加速作用

以2-溴丙酸乙酯为引发剂, 溴化亚铜为催化剂, N,N,N′,N″,N″-五甲基二乙基三胺为配体, 以氧化硼为加速剂, 进行了苯乙烯原子转移自由基聚合的加速研究. 发现氧化硼与引发剂比例为4时, 加速效果最为明显, 且对分子量的控制效果较好. 在85 ℃时, 添加该比例的氧化硼, 苯乙烯在6 h的聚合转化率达到78.5%. 在65, 75及85 ℃条件下, 加入氧化硼时体系的聚合反应动力学为一级反应, 苯乙烯聚合速率分别为空白体系的1.82, 1.54和1.5倍; 聚合物的分子量可控, 分子量分布窄, 体系呈现明显的活性聚合特征. 通过核磁共振谱对聚合物的结构进行了表征, 证明氧化硼在整个聚合过程中只起加速作用, 并不影响聚合机理和聚苯乙烯的结构. 氧化硼价廉, 有利于实现原子转移聚合的工业化.     

二茂钛/锡/环氧化合物引发苯乙烯活性自由基聚合的研究

采用单茂钛CpTiCl3和二茂钛金属化合物(n-BuCp)2TiCl2,引发剂4-甲氧苯基缩水甘油基醚(I1),1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油基醚(I2),4,4′-亚甲基二(N,N-二缩水甘油基苯胺)(I4)和苯基缩水甘油基醚甲醛共聚物(I5)及还原剂Sn组成引发体系,引发苯乙烯活性自由基聚合,合成线型和多臂聚合物.探讨了不同茂钛金属化合物、引发剂和还原剂对苯乙烯聚合的影响;并采用13C-NMR和GPC对聚苯乙烯的结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明所得聚合物是无规聚苯乙烯,聚合物分子量高,分子量分布窄.聚合行为属于活性自由基聚合.     

ABA型两亲嵌段共聚物的合成及表征

以α ,α′ 二溴代二甲苯为引发剂 ,CuBr/2 ,2′ 联吡啶为催化体系 ,制备了双溴端基的分子量分布窄的聚苯乙烯 (MWD =1 18) .再以此作为大分子引发剂 ,实现了甲基丙烯酸对硝基苯酯的原子转移自由基聚合 ,制得了分子量可控且分子量分布窄的ABA型嵌段共聚物 ,再经水解、酸化 ,得到了聚甲基丙烯酸 b 聚苯乙烯 b 聚甲基丙烯酸ABA型两亲嵌段共聚物     

含铽-水杨酸端基聚苯乙烯的合成及荧光性能研究

利用原子转移自由基聚合能对聚合物进行设计的优点,以水杨酸为原料,通过氯磺化制得5-氯磺酰基水杨酸,以此为引发剂,CuCl/2,2′联吡啶(Bpy)为催化体系,对苯乙烯(St)的聚合进行了研究,并且将制得的聚苯乙烯与铽离子配位.结果表明,聚合反应符合对单体浓度为一级的动力学关系;聚合物分子量随转化率呈线性增加;分子量分布较窄,Mw/Mn都在1.4以下;通过1H-NMR的端基分析,扩链反应都证明了聚合具有可控性;所有结果显示该聚合反应符合原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)的特性.IR,UV-Vis和荧光光谱表明Tb(Ⅲ)与含水杨酸端基的聚苯乙烯配位成功,当用λ=305nm光激发,此配合物发射Tb(Ⅲ)的特征荧光.讨论了引发剂的浓度对聚合体系自由基活性特征的影响以及聚合物的分子量、配位条件对荧光强度的影响.     

甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯/丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯的可逆加成断裂链转移聚合研究

合成了二硫代苯甲酸2- (乙氧基羰基)异丙酯(ECPDB)、二硫代苯甲酸异丙苯酯(CDB)、二硫代苯甲酸1 苯基乙酯(PEDB) 3种二硫代苯甲酸酯链转移剂.以这3种转移剂为基础,用凝胶渗透色谱和核磁共振测试了甲基丙烯酸N ,N 二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)和丙烯酸N ,N 二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEA)两种碱性单体的可逆加成断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合的聚合物分子量、分子量分布和结构.发现有的聚合体系聚合物分子量分布较窄,但实验数均分子量与理论数均分子量相差较大;有的体系则转化率很低,聚合物分子量很小.这些可能是由聚合体系中单体活性和链转移剂链转移能力之间的匹配不太协调,使可逆加成断裂链转移快速平衡反应发生偏移或破坏造成的.因此,可通过更换单体或链转移剂来调节这种匹配,从而使可逆加成断裂链转移快速平衡保持稳定,达到聚合更可控,实验分子量与理论分子量更接近,分子量分布更窄的目的.     

Anionic dispersion polymerization of styrene. I. Investigation of parameters for preparation of uniform micron-size polystyrene particles with narrow molecular weight distribution

Anionic dispersion polymerization in a hexane medium has been applied to the synthesis of monodisperse polystyrene particles in the size range of 1.41–6.16 μm, and having narrow molecular weight distributions M_w/M_n of 1.02–1.28. sec-Butyllithium was used as the initiator. Polystyrene-block-polybutadiene diblock copolymer containing 23% polystyrene block, (i.e., Stereon 730A) with a molecular weight of 147,000 g/mol and a polydispersity of 1.05, was found to be a suitable steric stabilizer for the preparation of micron-size polystyrene particles with narrow size distribution. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as a promoter for obtaining narrow molecular weight distributions. However, this study revealed that the addition of small amounts of THF as promoter broadened the particle size distribution. High solids content polystyrene dispersions were also prepared without using any promoter by both batch and/or multi-addition monomer processes. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

球形MgCl_2负载钛催化剂催化苯乙烯等规聚合与产物分子量分布研究

采用球形高效负载ZieglerNatta催化体系(TiCl4MgCl2AlR3二苯基二甲氧基硅烷(DPDMS)合成等规聚苯乙烯(iPS),催化效率最高可达7.7×103gPSgTi·h.通过多个SchulzFlory最可几分布对产物的分子量分布曲线拟合分峰来研究iPS的分子量及分子量分布的变化,AlEt3能使产物中低分子量部分含量增加,Al(iBu)3则倾向于形成高分子量的活性中心.体系中加入氢气不仅能显著提高催化效率,而且使iPS的分子量分布显著增宽.     

Heat capacities for atactic polystyrene of narrow molecular weight distribution to 360°K.

Precise heat capacity values are reported over the temperature range from 10 to 360°K. for a sample of atactic polystyrene having a narrow molecular weight distribution. This sample was taken from the stock from which National Bureau of Standards Standard Sample 705, Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution Polystyrene, was established. Data are reported for the sample as received, and after an annealing procedure. At temperatures below about 60°K. a systematic difference comparable with the limits of experimental precision appears between the values obtained for the present sample as received and after the annealing, although at higher temperatures the values for the two conditions showed no systematic difference beyond the limits of precision of the measurements. At temperatures above 100°K., previously published values for atactic polystyrene samples of various molecular weight distributions and for isotactic polystyrene agree within about 0.5% of the values from this investigation. At temperatures below 100°K. significant heat capacity differences appear, especially between values for the atactic and the isotactic isomers, and even between atactic samples of different molecular weight distribution.     

ATRP法合成结构对称的双羧基聚苯乙烯及其超分子的形成

从二甲苯出发,经过溴甲基化反应、氧化反应、酯化反应和溴代反应,合成了一种四官能团的引发剂,4,6-二(溴甲基)-1,3-苯二甲酸二甲酯.用该引发剂引发苯乙烯进行原子转移自由基聚合,实验结果表明聚合反应具有活性自由基聚合的特征.通过苯乙烯的本体聚合反应获得了分子量可控、双酯基位于聚合物链中间的聚苯乙烯.经过水解反应,使聚合物中的双酯基被水解成双羧基,从而得到了结构对称的两亲性聚合物,双羧基聚苯乙烯.利用该聚合物具有分子识别的特性,与十二烷胺形成了离子键超分子化合物.此工作为超分子星形聚合物的设计合成提供了简便快捷的方法.     

2-vinyloxy ethyl phthalimide polymerization initiated by 1-(isobutoxy) ethyl acetate in the presence of ethyl aluminum dichloride and either ethyl acetate or ethyl benzoate

2-Vinyloxy ethyl phthalimide (ImVE) was polymerized using 1-(isobutoxy) ethyl acetate as the initiator in the presence of ethyl aluminum dichloride and either ethyl acetate or ethyl benzoate. The resulting polymers have a narrow molecular weight distribution, and their molecular weight can be controlled within a narrow range by varying the monomer and initiator concentrations. Diblock copolymers with n-butyl vinyl ether can also be formed. The behavior of the polymerization is consistent with a living cationic mechanism. A brief comparison of the title system with other initiating systems is also presented. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Grafting by in situ coupling of epoxy groups of a living copolymer with an anionic living polymer

A tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution of the living random copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was prepared by the living anionic copolymerization of the two monomers, using 1,1‐diphenylhexyllithium (DPHLi) as initiator, in the presence of LiCl ([LiCl]/[DPHLi]₀ = 3), at −50°C. The copolymer thus obtained has a controlled composition and molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution. By introduction of an anionic living polystyrene (poly(St)) or anionic living polyisoprene (poly(Is)) solution into the above system at −30°C, a coupling reaction took place and a graft copolymer with a polar backbone and nonpolar side chains was produced. The solvent used in the preparation of the living poly(St) or poly(Is) affects the coupling reaction. When benzene was the solvent, a graft copolymer of high purity, controlled graft number and molecular weight, and narrow molecular weight distribution (M_w/M_n = 1.11–1.21) was obtained. In the coupling reaction, the living poly(St) reacted only with the epoxy groups and not with the carbonyls of the backbone polymer. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 105–112, 1999     

Controlled radical emulsion polymerization of polystyrene

In this paper, a new water-soluble initiator system, 2-bromopropane/CuSO₄/sodium ascorbate, was used as the initiator for emulsion polymerization. Radical emulsion polymerization of styrene was successfully carried out at 80 °C by using sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate as the emulsifier. The 2-bromopropane/CuSO₄/sodium ascorbate-initiated emulsion polymerization shows the controlled free-radical polymerization features with linear growth of molecular weight. Polystyrene with a relatively high molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution can be synthesized by this method. On the other hand, stable polystyrene latex can be obtained, and the size of the polystyrene latex increased with the increase in monomer conversion.     

星形支化聚苯乙烯模型化合物的合成及表征

本文用阴离子聚合方法,首先合成了线形‘活’的聚苯乙烯大分子阴离子,然后用二乙烯基苯为偶联成核剂,制备了十三个4-80臂较窄分子量分布的等臂长规则星形支化聚苯乙烯的模型化合物,并用GPC—粘度计联用装置对之进行了表征。     

A new ruthenium complex with an electron-donating aminoindenyl ligand for fast metal-mediated living radical polymerizations

A new ruthenium complex with an electron-donating aminoindenyl ligand induces a fast living radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of a chloride initiator to give polymers with controlled and variable molecular weights (Mn = 103-105) and very narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.1). The structure and high activity of the catalyst were analyzed by X-ray crystallography and cyclic voltammetry in comparison to those of a similar complex with an indenyl ligand.     

气相渗透法测定数均分子量的仪器常数问题研究

用4个低分子量有机化合物和6个窄分布聚苯乙烯标样研究了VPO法中仪器常数K的分子量依赖性问题.实验结果表明,由于VPO法中存在溶质吸附效应,K具有分子量依赖性,并随分子量的增加而增大;当扣除在实验中产生的溶质分子吸附效应后,K无分子量依赖性.