几种螺环稠合六元环氮杂卡宾-铱(Ⅲ)钳型配合物的衍生合成

2014年,我们设计合成了一类结构独特的螺环稠合六元环-氮杂卡宾配体(SNHC),并初步证明了该配体比一般的咪唑型五元环氮杂卡宾具有更强的亲核能力和配位能力.在温和条件下, SNHC配体与Ir(Ⅰ)发生快捷的氧化还原配位,生成了含有两个Ir–C共价键的Ir(Ⅲ)钳形有机金属氢化物SNIr-H,产率高达91%.该类配合物在催化C–H活化/C–Si、C–C键形成反应中具有较高的活性和区域选择性,因此有必要合成更多的类似物和衍生物,进一步拓宽并深化该类配合物催化性质研究.本文通过扩展配体类型和Ir–C共价键的杂化模式,进一步转化和衍生该类金属有机配合物.这些化合物为开发新的金属有机试剂、新的催化反应性质提供了物质基础.     

碱性离子液体中吲哚与芳基硫酚的3-芳烃硫基化反应

无金属条件下,在离子液体[Hemim]N(CN)_2中,实现了吲哚衍生物与芳基硫酚的偶联反应,以中等至优良产率(68%~90%)合成系列芳烃硫基取代的吲哚化合物.其结构均经1H NMR,13C NMR及HRMS确证.该反应具有反应条件温和、底物适用范围广、环境友好等优点.此外,生成的产物通过进一步的修饰与转化可以衍生为结构复杂的、具有潜在生物活性的有机分子骨架结构.     

配位环境可调的Cu单原子的合成及催化加氢性能研究※

具有可控配位环境的高催化活性和选择性的稳定单金属位点催化剂的合成仍然具有挑战性. 本工作采用阳离子交换策略合成了两种具有不同配位结构的Cu单原子催化材料. 该策略主要依赖于硫化物的阴离子骨架和富含 N 的聚合物壳在高温退火过程中产生大量的S和N缺陷, 精确合成了富边缘S和N双修饰的单金属Cu位点催化材料. 在这两种材料, 一种Cu单原子具有硫(S)、氮(N)双配位, 一种Cu单原子只有单一的S配位. Cu中心原子的第一壳层配位数为4, Cu-S/N-C的结构为Cu-S₁N₃, Cu-S-C的结构为Cu-S₄. 实验表明, S、N双修饰的Cu单原子材料在室温下催化硝基苯加氢过程中表现出较高活性. 反应20 min后, 在Cu-S/N-C催化下, 硝基苯加氢转化率达到100%, 循环使用5次后活性未见显著下降. 该发现为调节中心金属配位环境以提高单原子催化材料的性能提供了一种可行的方法.     

具有四氢苯并[4,5]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡嗪骨架凝血酶抑制剂的设计合成及生物活性研究

以具有四氢苯并[4,5]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡嗪新骨架的凝血酶抑制剂1为先导化合物,设计合成了14个氨基甲酸酯衍生物(2a~6a,2b~6b和7~10).同时,在化合物1结构的基础上,引入具有抗血栓活性的川芎醇(HTMP),设计合成了新型结构的化合物11.目标化合物的结构均经1H NMR,13C NMR和HRMS确证.生物活性测试结果显示,所有目标化合物对凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集均有一定的抑制活性,其中化合物4b的抑制活性[IC50=(0.11±0.08)μmol/L]强于对照药达比加群酯[IC50=(0.60±0.05)μmol/L].在体内抗血栓活性测试中,化合物4b能以剂量依赖的方式减少大鼠静脉血栓的形成.化合物11对凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集的抑制活性较弱,但其抑制大鼠静脉血栓形成的作用与达比加群酯相当,这可能是由于化合物11在体内水解为川芎醇和化合物1,两者协同产生抗血栓作用所致.     

结构多样性与构效关系——雷公藤新药研究与开发

雷公藤是我国拥有的一种资源比较丰富的传统中草药。其中的主要活性成分雷公藤内酯醇是一种具有3个环氧基团以及一个α, β-不饱和五元内酯环结构的构型独特的松香烷型二萜化合物,具有明显的抗炎、免疫抑制、抗肿瘤及抗雄性生育等生物活性,自被发现以来,吸引了众多药物化学家及药理学家的广泛关注。通过对雷公藤内酯醇结构多样性改造和修饰,包括对C14-位羟基、C12, C13-位环氧、α, β-不饱和五元内酯环、C7,C8-位环氧、C5,C6-位的修饰,以及三环氧开环的改造,合成出了一系列雷公藤内酯醇衍生物,并进行了相关的药理活性测试。总结雷公藤环氧二萜类结构类似物的药理测试结果,初步得出了一些构效关系的特点。随着针对雷公藤内酯醇各个位点进行结构多样性改造所获得的衍生物以及相应的系统性药理活性测试的不断积累与深化,雷公藤内酯醇的结构与活性关系(SAR)也必定越来越明朗。合成低毒性、高活性、宽治疗视窗的雷公藤内酯醇衍生物是该领域众多药物化学家和药理学家的共同目标,从而使雷公藤在更多的领域中具有更广阔的应用前景。     

叶绿素-a衍生物的化学反应和多取代卟吩(啉)合成的研究进展

天然产物叶绿素-a衍生物所具有的特殊理化性质以及连带多种活性取代基团的非对称性骨架结构, 决定其化学反应的活泼性和实际应用的广泛性. 基于以叶绿素-a及其衍生物为研究对象的化学反应和结构修饰, 综述了近期多取代卟吩(啉)合成的研究进展.     

脱氢松香酸合成新型手性荧光衍生试剂的研究

手性药物开发与应用的兴起,促进了手性分离和检测方法的发展.随着高效液相色谱(HPLC)、毛细管电泳(CE)等现代分析技术的深入发展,手性荧光衍生试剂也得到越来越广泛的应用[1],手性荧光衍生试剂主要用于高灵敏度检测手性药物的光学纯度和不对称合成反应产物对映体过量(ee%值)等.但是手性荧光衍生试剂却很少,且价格昂贵,为了开发新型廉价的手性荧光衍生试剂,我们利用廉价易得的松香衍生物的手性骨架和荧光基团,合成了脱氢松香酸酰氯(A)和脱氢松香酰肼(B),并进一步做了衍生化反应,成功获得了衍生化产物(C,D).     

用于光动力治疗的四苯基卟啉衍生物研究进展

四苯基卟啉(TPP)衍生物的重要用途之一是用于光动力治疗(PDT)来破坏肿瘤组织.本文综述了近年来可用于光动力治疗的四苯基卟啉(TPP)衍生物的合成.通过对TPP衍生物进行官能团修饰,可以改善其物理、化学及生物性质,从而合成出可能用于PDT的卟啉衍生物.     

多金属氧酸盐有机-无机杂化材料

本文总结并评述了多金属氧酸盐 (POMs)有机 无机杂化材料领域的研究进展 ,包括POM有机或有机金属衍生杂化材料 ,电荷转移 (CT)盐和有机 无机复合膜。POM有机或有机金属衍生杂化材料分为四类 ,即 ( 1 )配体作抗阳离子 ,( 2 )配体直接与POM骨架配位 ,( 3)配体与杂金属配位 ,和 ( 4)有机金属作配体。此外 ,本文还描述了POMCT杂化材料 ,它们含有不同的有机p 电子给体 ,例如取代酰胺、芳香胺或富含电子的四硫富瓦烯 (TTF)、双 (乙烯二硫基 )四硫富瓦烯 (BEDT TTF或ET)及二茂铁 ;以及POM装法和电化学生长法。最后 ,本文对这些杂化材料的理性合成与潜在应用进行了展望     

穿心莲内酯抗肿瘤作用衍生物的合成研究进展

作为爵床科植物穿心莲的主要活性成分之一,穿心莲内酯具有广泛的药理活性.近年来,已有大量研究表明对穿心莲内酯进行结构改造可提升其抗肿瘤作用.因此,根据穿心莲内酯衍生物结构特点,将其按照基础骨架不同分为五类,分别为穿心莲内酯骨架衍生物、14-去氧穿心莲内酯骨架衍生物、脱水穿心莲内酯骨架衍生物、异穿心莲内酯骨架衍生物以及12-环替代的穿心莲内酯骨架衍生物.在此基础上,对穿心莲内酯衍生物的合成以及抗肿瘤活性结果进行综述,并初步总结其构效关系.最后,对衍生物未来的研究趋势进行了展望.     

Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activities investigation of sinomenine derivatives on ring C

Eighteen sinomenine derivatives on ring C were prepared, and their anti-inflammatory activities were also investigated. Most of these derivatives showed mild to moderate activities. Compounds 4a, 4c and 5b showed better anti-inflammatory activity. So further modification of the ring C in sinomenine should be worthwhile.     

Comparison of methods for extraction,storage, and silylation of pentafluorobenzyl derivatives of carbonyl compounds and multi-functional carbonyl compounds

The employment of O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine (PFBHA) derivatization along with bis-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) or N, N-( tert-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) derivatization is a popular method for measurement of oxygenated organics in environmental and biological samples. Most notably, the derivatization method enables the measurement of atmospheric photooxidation products not detected by using other methods. PFBHA derivatization is often conducted in an aqueous solution. Accordingly, experiments were performed to compare the efficiency of hexane, methyl- tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and dichloromethane (CH(2)Cl(2)) for extraction of O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine (PFBHA) derivatives of carbonyl compounds from water. Further, the stability of these compounds when stored at 4 degrees C in CH(2)Cl(2) was determined, and commonly used methods for silylation of -OH and -COOH groups on the PFBHA derivatives were compared. Overall, CH(2)Cl(2)was the most efficient solvent for extraction of PFBHA derivatives of hydroxycarbonyl compounds, dicarbonyl compounds, and keto-acids from water. Derivatives of carbonyl compounds that do not have secondary functional groups were extracted with approximately equal efficiency by each of the three solvents examined. The PFBHA derivatives of aromatic and saturated aliphatic carbonyl compounds and hydroxycarbonyl compounds were stable in CH(2)Cl(2) at 4 degrees C for > or = 66 days whereas the derivatives of keto-acids and unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes begin to degrade after approximately 38 days. Comparison of four procedures for bis-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) derivatization of -OH and -COOH groups on PFBHA derivatives revealed that primary -OH groups react efficiently in 20-100% BSTFA in CH(2)Cl(2), and do not require a catalyst. Secondary -OH groups also react efficiently in 20-100% BSTFA, but the reaction yield improves slightly when trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) is added as a catalyst. Reaction of tertiary -OH groups with BSTFA was very inefficient, but improved with addition of 10% TMCS to the BSTFA solution. Finally, -COOH groups seemed to react most efficiently and consistently in 100% BSTFA, without catalyst.     

Synthetic strategies toward the synthesis of enoxacin-, levofloxacin-, and gatifloxacin-based compounds: A review

Enoxacin, levofloxacin, and gatifloxacin represent one of the most important prerogative scaffolds in drug development. They possess broad spectrum antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. They inhibit bacterial growth by blocking their topoisomerase enzyme which is necessary for the proper functioning of bacterial DNA. In this article, we have reviewed the synthetic approaches involved in the synthesis of derivatives of enoxacin, levofloxacin, and gatifloxacin.     

Surface modification of functional self-assembled monolayers on 316L stainless steel via lipase catalysis

Lipase catalyzed esterification of therapeutic drugs to functional self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on 316L stainless steel (SS) after assembly has been demonstrated. SAMs of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (-COOH SAM) and 11-mercapto-1-undecanol (-OH SAM) were formed on 316L SS, and lipase catalysis was used to attach therapeutic drugs, perphenazine and ibuprofen, respectively, on these SAMs. The reaction was carried out in toluene at 60 degrees C for 5 h using Novozyme-435 as the biocatalyst. The FTIR spectra after surface modification of -OH SAMs showed the presence of the C=O stretching bands at 1745 cm(-1), which was absent in the FTIR spectra of -OH SAMs. Similarly, the FTIR spectra after the reaction of the -COOH SAM with perphenazine showed two peaks in the carbonyl region, a peak at 1764 cm(-1), which is the representative peak for the C=O stretching for esters. The second peak at 1681 cm(-1) is assigned to the C=O stretching of the remaining unreacted terminal COOH. XPS spectra after lipase catalysis with ibuprofen showed a photoelectron peak evolving at 288.5 eV which arises from the carbon (C=O) of the carboxylic acid of the drug (ibuprofen). Similarly for -COOH SAMs, after esterifiation we see a small, photoelectron peak evolving at 286.5 eV which corresponds to the C in the methylene groups adjacent to the oxygen (C-O), which should evolve only after the esterification of perphenazine with the -COOH SAM. Thus, lipase catalysis provides an alternate synthetic methodology for surface modification of functional SAMs after assembly.     

A survey of crystal structures and biological activities of platinum group metal complexes containing N-acylthiourea ligands

Abstract

N-Acyl-thioureas are important compounds in the field of organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Research interest in these compounds has grown recently because coordination to metal ions enhances their application especially in view of medicinal studies. These thiourea derivatives possess rich coordination chemistry and the coordination behavior of these derivatives alters upon reaction with different metals. Such ligands generally coordinate to Pt(II) and Pd(II) ions in a bidentate S,O manner and often coordinate to Ru(II), Rh(III) and Ir(III) centers through the S donor atom. We isolated some complexes of these ligands by reaction with sodium azide which coordinates to Ru(II), Rh(III), and Ir(III) in a bidentate S,N fashion. The deprotonated thiourea nitrogen atom resulted in the formation of strained 4-membered ring structures around the metal center. Biological application of N-acyl thiourea derivatives and their platinum group metal complexes are further discussed. Studies has shown that these compounds can be used as drugs to treat several human diseases like microbial infections, tuberculosis, carcinomas, malaria, leishmaniasis, urease inhibitors and anti-inflammatory. This review intends to summarize the recent advancement in the chemistry of N-acyl-thioureas and highlight some perspectives in the synthesis, versatile coordination behavior to ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, platinum and palladium, and their metal complexes in biological applications.     

吲哚马来酰亚胺类蛋白激酶C抑制剂的研究进展

吲哚马来酰亚胺类化合物是对星型孢菌素进行结构改造而得到的一类新型蛋白激酶C抑制剂. 对近年来吲哚马来酰亚胺类化合物在结构修饰、合成和生物活性等方面的研究进行了总结和概述, 重点介绍了吲哚马来酰亚胺类化合物的合成方法, 讨论了各种合成方法的优缺点.     

Chemistry and Applications of Functionalized 2,4-Thiazolidinediones

Thiazolidinedione (TZD) is one of the privileged heterocyclic rings and has shown many biological applications in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. This review covers the synthetic approaches of TZD and its derivatives, different synthetic techniques for affording the desired regioselectivity and stereoselectivity, and the techniques that would enhance reaction conditions such as microwave, one-pot, or ultrasound synthesis. It focuses on synthetic challenges of glitazones and the transformation of other heterocycles to TZD. Moreover, the chemical and biological behavior of TZD through the substitution in the N3 position, modification of the C5 position, annealing in complex heterocyclic systems, and hybridization with other pharmacologically attractive moieties are discussed. All reactions mentioned are provided as possible with different reaction conditions, mechanisms, derivatives scope, yield and clarified by applications of such reactions in the construction of potential medicinal agents. The review also answers questions about rapid racemization of glitazones, their toxicity, considering TZD as pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS) or not, and the influence of saturation of 5-position of TZD in their biological activities. This review is a comprehensive guide to make informed decisions for construction of TZD derivatives with biological potentials.     

Recent Advances in the Semisynthesis,Modifications and Biological Activities of Ocotillol-Type Triterpenoids

Ginseng is one of the most widely consumed herbs in the world and plays an important role in counteracting fatigue and alleviating stress. The main active substances of ginseng are its ginsenosides. Ocotillol-type triterpenoid is a remarkably effective ginsenoside from Vietnamese ginseng that has received attention because of its potential antibacterial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. The semisynthesis, modification and biological activities of ocotillol-type compounds have been extensively studied in recent years. The aim of this review is to summarize semisynthesis, modification and pharmacological activities of ocotillol-type compounds. The structure–activity relationship studies of these compounds were reported. This summary should prove useful information for drug exploration of ocotillol-type derivatives.     

Biological potential of pyrimidine derivatives in a new era

Pyrimidine and its derivatives play a wide role in drug discovery processes and have considerable chemical significance and biological activities. Pyrimidines are the building blocks of many natural compounds such as vitamins, liposacharides, and antibiotics. Pyrimidine is used as parent substance for the synthesis of a wide variety of heterocyclic compounds and raw material for drug synthesis and is also crucial in the theoretical development of heterocyclic chemistry and in organic synthesis. Pyrimidine derivatives are vital in several biological activities, i.e. antihypertensive, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. This creates interest among researchers who have synthesized a variety of pyrimidine derivatives.     

The coordination chemistry of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes with 1,2,4-triazole derivatives

This perspective illustrates the coordination features of complexes constructed by 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and transition metal ions which belong to Group IIB, namely Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II), demonstrates their behaviors in thermal stabilities, gas or liquid adsorption, fluorescence and nonlinear optical properties and also discusses the relation between their properties and crystal structures. Various 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing versatile donor sites for coordination can be obtained through introducing different substituent groups to C3, N4 and C5 positions, thus offering rich coordination modes. The structures of these complexes rely on their triazole ligands, as well as mixed ligands, metal ions, anions and synthetic conditions. Obviously, the diversity in structure induces the controllability of properties, since the properties are influenced by several factors, which is significant for the applications of potential multifunctional materials.