微弱光信号检测电路的实现

为将微弱光信号有效地转换为电信号以方便后级电路处理,设计了微弱光信号检测电路。电路由光电转换和前置放大两部分组成。光电转换电路采用低输入偏置电流运算放大器AD 549实现;前置放大电路使用对称三极管组成的对数比率放大电路实现,并在同等条件下与集成电路LOG 100组成的前置放大电路相比较。实际测量表明,该放大电路设计可有效放大低于1 nW的微弱输入信号,同时对噪声也有很强的抑制作用,而由LOG 100组成的电路对噪声的抑制能力明显衰减。     

基于特征分解谱估计的蓄电池内阻检测方法

针对目前在蓄电池内阻检测中被广泛采用的锁相放大法存在硬件电路复杂、成本较高、操作复杂等问题,提出采用特征分解谱估计的方法来替代蓄电池内阻检测中的锁相放大环节,以软件计算的方法替代硬件电路,从而降低硬件成本及操作难度。通过对特征分解谱估计的原理分析以及对运用特征分解谱估计方法进行蓄电池内阻测量时的关键步骤,即电压信号的提取与幅值检测进行仿真,仿真表明特征分解谱估计方法在高功率噪声背景下仍有较高的频率分辨力,幅值测量结果在50dB高斯白噪声背景下测量误差约为2%,而在20dB非高斯白噪声背景下测量误差约为3%。分析表明基于特征分解谱估计的蓄电池内阻检测方法在较高功率非高斯噪声背景下具有良好的检测效果,可以作为微弱信号检测的软件实现方法以替代锁相放大环节。     

微电流放大器在物理实验中的应用

为用集成运算放大器LM324制作的微电流放大器电路图．集成运算放大器是一种高电压增益、高输入电阻和低输出电阻的多级直接耦合放大电路，它不仅能够放大交流信号，而且能够放大缓慢变化的信号或直流信号．图1中ICI(1／4LM324)为信号放大部分，采用差动输入，外部输出调零．     

低温超导线圈失超信号检测

应用低噪声放大与滤波电路,把淹没于低噪声放大器固有噪声中的低温超导临界温度对应的微弱电压信号提取出来并进行放大,然后应用快速高精度的数据采集卡及计算机数据处理技术,为低温超导线圈失超信号检测提供强有力的手段.     

后向散射式路道能见度激光测量仪的研究

后向散射式跑道能见度激光测量仪主要由光学发射与接收系统、信号放大与处理系统及显示系统三部分组成。其中,光学发射与接收系统主要包括：Ｎｄ ：ＹＡＧ 激光器、倍频器、准直镜、扩束镜、光学接收镜头、截止滤光片、窄带干涉滤光片及光电转换系统等;信号放大与处理系统主要包括：小信号放大电路、延时电路、采样保持电路、多路模拟开关、模 数转换电路及８０３１ 单片机等;显示系统主要由数字显示器、打印机及接口电路等组成。介绍了该测量仪的工作原理、基本结构和主要技术指标,讨论了其中的技术难点及其相应的解决方法。     

用热释电探测器实现比色测温

用钽酸锂热释电探测器实现的火焰温度实时测量系统 ,主要由光学接收系统、信号放大与处理系统及显示系统三部分组成。其中 ,光学接收系统主要包括光学接收镜头、调制盘、截止滤光片、窄带干涉滤光片、聚焦透镜及光电转换系统等 ;信号放大与处理系统主要包括前置放大电路、选频放大电路、采样保持电路、模数转换电路及 80 3 1单片机等 ;显示系统主要包括数字显示器、打印机及接口电路等。介绍了该系统的工作原理与基本结构 ,讨论了其中的技术难点及相应的解决方法 ,分析了各量的测量精度对温度测量精度的影响。     

低噪声不隔直光电探测电路的设计

光电探测电路是光纤通信和光电检测系统中光信号转换成电信号的关键部分,但现有光电探测器大都不能同时测量脉冲光信号与直流光信号。为了获得低噪声并且能够同时测量脉冲光信号和直流光信号的光电探测器,设计一个不隔直光电探测电路,采用平衡放大方式消除直流工作点不稳定问题,提出了一种利用谐波分析法测量光电探测电路带宽的方法;同时对影响噪声的各种因素进行了研究,计算了探测电路的噪声电压和电流,提出了利用降低温度的方法提高信噪比。结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

低噪声不隔直光电探测电路的设计

光电探测电路是光纤通信和光电检测系统中光信号转换成电信号的关键部分,但现有光电探测器大都不能同时测量脉冲光信号与直流光信号。为了获得低噪声并且能够同时测量脉冲光信号和直流光信号的光电探测器,设计一个不隔直光电探测电路,采用平衡放大方式消除直流工作点不稳定问题,提出了一种利用谐波分析法测量光电探测电路带宽的方法;同时对影响噪声的各种因素进行了研究,计算了探测电路的噪声电压和电流,提出了利用降低温度的方法提高信噪比。结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于锁相放大原理的微弱光信号检测系统设计

为了解决强噪声背景下微弱光信号检测难的问题,介绍了一种基于锁相放大原理的微弱光信号检测系统。系统采用对1 550nm的DFB激光进行调制的方法产生前级信号,利用PIN光电二极管产生的电流信号作为原始信号,经过前级放大、锁相放大及低通滤波电路还原调制信号。系统采用OPA124作为前级运放,AD630作为锁相放大器,参考信号和调制信号均由DDS芯片AD9850产生。滤波电路、移相电路和调制电路均采用高精度运放OP07来设计。实验结果表明,该系统具有很高的线性度,灵敏度为4.51V/V,精度大于0.05%,是一种高精度、高实用性的微弱光信号检测系统。     

测控电路综合实验

正1主要内容测控电路综合实验是天津大学测控电路教学组经过近15年的摸索,本科生和研究生经过多次试验而选定的以动力调谐陀螺仪再平衡回路为研究对象的实验,该实验几乎包括了测控电路的各个章节,包括:传感器调制、信号调制与解调、信号放大、信号的滤波、信号的运算、控制器的设计、驱动器的设计等模块,既可以进行各模块的实验,又可以进行整个测控电路系统实验.把测控电路所讲述的内容通过该综合实验串联起来,让学生在     

Gain-clamping in two-stage L-band EDFA using an unwanted backward ase from second stage

A gain clamping technique for the long wavelength band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (L-band EDFA) is presented. It uses two circulators and a broad band fiber Bragg grating to route wasted backward C-band ASE from the second stage and launch it back into the input end of the first stage of a two-stage amplifier. The two-stage L-band EDFA has shown a small signal gain improvement of 5.7 dB compared to a single-stage amplifier with a slight noise figure degradation. By utilizing the wasted backward ASE, a L-band gain-clamped EDFA with high gain can be realized. Compared to the unclamped case, this gain-clamping technique is effective in reducing the total gain variation as small as 0.3 dB.     

High gain L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier with two-stage double-pass configuration

An experiment on gain enhancement in the long wavelength band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (L-band EDFA) is demonstrated using dual forward pumping scheme in double-pass system. Compared to a single-stage single-pass scheme, the small signal gain for 1580 nm signal can be improved by 13.5 dB. However, a noise figure penalty of 2.9 dB was obtained due to the backward C-band ASE from second stage and the already amplified signal from the first pass that extracting energy from the forward C-band ASE. The maximum gain improvement of 13.7 dB was obtained at a signal wavelength of 1588 nm while signal and total pump powers were fixed at -30 dBm and 92 mW, respectively.     

Development of a portable and fast wire tension measurement system for MWPC construction

In a multi-wire proportional chamber detector(MWPC), the anode and signal wires must maintain suitable tension, which is very important for the detector's stable and accurate performance. As a result, wire tension control and measurement is essential in MWPC construction. A high pressure3 He MWPC detector is to be used as the thermal neutron detector of the multi-functional reflectometer at China Spallation Neutron Source, and in the construction of the detector, we have developed a wire tension measurement system. This system is accurate,portable and time-saving. With it, the wire tension on an anode wire plane has been tested. The measurement results show that the wire tension control techniques used in detector manufacture are reliable.     

CSNS多功能反射谱仪主探测器读出电子学系统研制

为满足中国散裂中子源（CSNS）多功能反射谱仪（MR）主探测器高气压3He多丝正比室探测器（MWPC）的需求,研制了专用的读出电子学系统。该系统主要由核心前放板和触发扇出板构成,其中以前放板为核心,采用了6块前放板实现探测器142路模拟信号的数字化,并通过判选机制甄别中子信息,将有效中子事例打包发送给后端,触发扇出板提供同一时刻到达的T0信号和触发信号,以确保数据的对齐。读出电子学系统分别在实验室和束流条件下,进行了相关指标测试,测试结果表明性能优于设计要求。目前MWPC探测器已经成功安装到MR谱仪现场,并且已经开始稳定运行。     

THE MOMENTUM SELECTOR OF BIG CLOUD CHAMBER SET

Using a“preselection-register-operation for reselection”program,a selection systemof the Yunan big cloud chamber set used for cosmic ray reseach is projected andconstructed.A small on-line digital computation technigue is applied to the momentumselector of the system,and a special computation element is designed.According tothe deflection angle and momentum of a charged particle passing through the magniticfield,computation and logieal judgment can be done immediately for the track signal registered before.     

准连续激光调制吸收光谱的解调方法研究

针对准连续激光调制吸收光谱谐波信号的解调,设计了一种专用的准连续软件锁相放大器,对采集的数据做有效性判断、 无效数据滤除、 数字相敏检测、 数字滤波等处理,实现了准连续激光调制吸收光谱的谐波信号解调。 构建气体检测实验系统,对准连续软件锁相放大器和商品化的高性能锁相放大器进行了对比实验,结果表明,使用准连续软件锁相放大器的Allan方差比后者小1个数量级、 检测限低2倍。 并能够解决小占空比时的信号失锁问题,具有小的信号波形失真。     

Preliminary result of an advanced tangential X-ray pinhole camera system with a duplex MWPC on KSTAR plasma

An advanced tangential X-ray pinhole camera (TXPC) has been developed for KSTAR by utilizing a 2-D duplex multi-wire proportional counter (MWPC) detector. The KSTAR MWPC employs a 2-D parallel type readout system for high temporal resolution and adopts a duplex type for the capability of electron temperature measurement via the multi-color method. This paper presents the performance test result of the developed MWPC system utilizing a Fe-55 X-ray source. As a preliminary experimental result from the 2012 KSTAR campaign, the clear presentation of sawtooth activities and its frequency change, and 2-D plasma images during the vertical disruption event are given.     

北京正负电子对撞机试验束描迹仪的应用

 试验束能提供不同种类、一定动量的单粒子束流。用三个多丝正比室做探测器，采用阴极感应电荷重心读出的方法，由单个多丝室对粒子击中点的二维坐标进行定位，粒子在三个室平面上的二维坐标经拟合后精确地描绘出北京正负电子对撞机试验束单粒子束流的径迹及入射方向。对阴极感应电荷重心读出的理论、实现方法及数据处理做了详细论述，并给出了实验结果。     

Gain and noise figure improvements in double-pass S-band EDFA

Double-pass short-wavelength band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (S-band EDFA) with enhanced gain and noise figure characteristics is demonstrated. It uses a broadband fiber Bragg grating (FBG) operating in conventional-band (C-band) region to reduce the C-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in the amplifier system and thus increases the population inversion in the S-band region. The small signal gain is increased by about 2.7 dB for 1500 nm signal at pump power of 103 mW, compared with that of the conventional double-pass amplifier without the FBG. The corresponding noise figure is also improved by 0.5 dB.     

Output power improvement in an Yb-doped fiber laser with an additional unpumped Yb-doped fiber

Master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) technology has been widely used in high-power or ultrashort-pulse fiber laser systems because the shape of the laser pulse can be easily adjusted. Usually, the first amplification stage of a 1064 nm fiber laser uses the core-pumped Yb-doped fiber amplifier (YDFA); however, the gain or output power is limited owing to the strong amplifier spontaneous emission (ASE) in the 1030 nm band. This paper presents the improved output power in an YDFA by inserting an additional unpumped Yb-doped fiber, which absorbs the lost backward ASE emitted from the pump end. We achieved an output power increase of more than 10% in a low-power signal, and the increase in output power decreased as the signal power increased. Moreover, the insertion of an additional unpumped Yb-doped fiber restricted the unwanted 1030 nm lasing in a low-power signal.