β-Bi2O3修饰Bi2WO6光催化降解苯酚及其可能机理

采用简单混合法制备了一系列Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆复合光催化剂. 在紫外光降解水中苯酚的过程中, Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆的光催化活性随Bi₂O₃含量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势. 当Bi₂O₃最佳负载量等于12.5% (质量分数, w)时, 该复合光催化剂的活性大约是单一Bi₂WO₆的4 倍. 固体样品表征表明, Bi₂O₃主要以β-Bi₂O₃存在, 复合光催化剂是Bi₂O₃和Bi₂WO₆的简单混合物. 此外, 在电催化氧化水的过程中, β-Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆薄膜电极的光电流远大于β-Bi₂O₃和Bi₂WO₆薄膜电极的光电流之和. Bi₂O₃对Bi₂WO₆光催化的促进作用是由于前者接受后者的光生空穴, 提高Bi₂WO₆光生载流子的分离效率, 从而加快了O₂的还原和苯酚的降解.     

GO负载Bi2WO6二元复合光催化材料的制备及其表征研究

本实验通过水热法合成不同比例的氧化石墨烯(GO)/Bi₂WO₆新型二元复合光催化材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜等技术来研究样品的结构和形貌.在可见光下,4%GO/Bi₂WO₆复合材料光催化降解效率最好,达到了72%.本实验以石墨烯为碳源,制备出二元复合材料,将其引入光催化体系,提升半导体光催化材料对目标物的富集能力,为复合光催化材料的制备提供了新思路.以期获得高可见光催化活性的GO/Bi₂WO₆二元复合材料并将其应用于更多领域,同时对环境中的污染物也实现了高效、稳定的去除,为研究水体环境污染的治理奠定了一定的理论与实践基础.     

钨酸铋量子点和纳米片修饰石墨相氮化碳复合催化剂的制备及其可见光催化活性增强

利用超声-水热法、使用油酸钠辅助合成钨酸铋(Bi₂WO₆)量子点/纳米片修饰的石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)(Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄)复合光催化剂。 通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、N₂吸附-脱附等技术手段获得Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄催化剂的组成、结构和光吸收性能,分析合成机理。 以罗丹明B(RhB)水溶液为模拟污染物,考察Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄复合催化剂的可见光催化活性。 结果表明:g-C₃N₄和Bi₂WO₆的质量比为3:7的Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄-30具有最有效的异质界面,电化学阻抗和光电流测试结果显示该催化剂的光生载流子传输速率快、复合率低,可见光照射120 min对RhB的降解率达到95.8%;通过活性物质捕捉实验获知光生空穴是光催化反应中的主要活性物质,分析异质界面对光催化活性的影响,进而提出光催化反应机理。     

微波液相法一步合成H3PW12O40/Bi2WO6光催化剂及其脱氮性能

采用微波液相法一步合成了固载型H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Bi₂WO₆光催化剂. 通过紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)、 场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 表面积及孔隙度(BET)测定、 氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、 吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对所合成催化剂的结构和性质进行了考察, 并以吡啶浓度为15 mg/g的模拟油对光催化剂的脱氮效果进行评价. 结果表明, 与传统浸渍固载法相比, 微波液相一步法不仅能高效合成H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Bi₂WO₆光催化剂, 且所合成的催化剂能被低能量的光激发. 固载H₃PW₁₂O₄₀不但能提高Bi₂WO₆纳米颗粒的表面酸量, 还能通过改变Bi₂WO₆前驱液的酸强度来调控催化剂形貌. 在H₃PW₁₂O₄₀固载量为15%(质量分数), 微波功率为800 W, 反应时间为90 min条件下得到的H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Bi₂WO₆的光催化脱氮活性最高, 在催化剂与模拟油质量比为1/300, 500 W氙灯光照60 min的最佳光催化反应条件下, 模拟油脱氮率达到92.63%.     

水热合成Bi2WO6/SC光催化剂及其光催化脱硝性能研究

以活性半焦(SC)为载体,采用水热法合成新型可见光催化剂Bi₂WO₆ /SC, 利用SEM、BET、XRD、FT-IR和紫外可见漫反射(UV-vis)光谱等系列手段对所制备的样品进行了表征,并以可见光(λ＞ 400 nm)为光源,模拟烟气中的NO为氧化脱除对象,进行光催化活性测试。 结果表明,通过水热法合成的Bi₂WO₆具有微米花形状,且光响应波长已扩展到400 nm以上的可见光区, Bi₂WO₆/SC光催化脱硝剂性能最好,反应4 h后脱硝率仍高于70%。     

钼酸铋光催化剂的结构缺陷调控

钼酸铋(Bi₂MoO₆)作为一种新型层状光催化材料,具有成本低廉、清洁高效、带隙较窄和可见光响应等优点,在降解水体污染物、净化空气、抑菌、光解水、二氧化碳还原及固氮等领域具有广泛的应用前景,是一种极具发展潜力的Bi(Ⅲ)基半导体光催化剂。然而该材料在实际应用中还存在太阳光吸收效率较低、光生载流子复合速率较快等亟待解决的瓶颈问题。针对上述科学问题,对Bi₂MoO₆光催化剂进行结构缺陷调控已证明是行之有效的解决策略,本文系统阐述了近年来Bi₂MoO₆晶体结构缺陷工程的研究进展,主要包括各类元素掺杂、氧空位引入以及二者的伴生协同作用等,分别从制备方法和催化性能改善等角度对Bi₂MoO₆的缺陷研究和发展动态进行了归纳,并对其在相关应用领域的构-效关系及作用机制进行了深入探讨和总结。最后,分析了缺陷型Bi₂MoO₆光催化剂目前所存在的不足,并对未来的发展方向和前景进行了展望。     

三维花状Bi2WO6/BiOBr异质结的制备及对多种染料的降解性能

利用水热法以十二烷基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为结构导向剂以及溴源,成功地制备了三维花状Bi₂WO₆/BiOBr异质结。通过X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、紫外可见漫反射光谱、光电流、Nyquist曲线和电子顺磁共振分别对样品的结构、形貌、组成和光电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明,20~30 nm的BiOBr纳米粒子均匀地附着在Bi₂WO₆薄片上形成三维花状结构。Bi₂WO₆/BiOBr与纯Bi₂WO₆相比,扩展了可见光的响应范围,且提高了催化剂光生电子与空穴的分离效率。光降解实验表明w_DDAB/w_CTAB=2.6时Bi₂WO₆/BiOBr的光催化性能最优。在300 W氙灯(波长>420 nm)可见光照射下,其在降解罗丹明B中表现出最高的反应速率常数(0.0997 min^-1),分别约为Bi₂WO₆(0.0376 min^-1)和BT?4(0.0523 min^-1,w_DDAB/w_CTAB=3.9)的2.7倍和1.9倍,且6个循环后活性依然没有明显衰减。Bi₂WO₆/BiOBr异质结还可以无选择性地降解其他类型的有机染料,如亚甲基蓝、孔雀石绿和甲基橙。最后,基于活性物种捕获实验和Mulliken原子电负性理论计算结果,提出了Bi₂WO₆/BiOBr异质结的光降解机理。     

Cl-诱导的含氧空位原子层厚Bi2WO6的可控合成及其深度氧化NO性能

开发具有高量子效率的半导体光催化材料是极具前景的解决能源短缺和环境污染问题的策略.在已报道的诸多光催化材料中,超薄二维(2D)材料表现突出,凭借其高效的载流子分离传输性能备受研究者的青睐.然而,苛刻的合成条件、缺乏表面活性位点等问题制约了其应用.因此,温和可控地合成具有大量活性位点的原子层厚2D材料具有重要的意义.作为典型的Aurivillius氧化物,Bi₂WO₆具有独特的层状晶体结构和合适的能带位置;另一方面,其表面Bi?O键的能量较低,氧原子在缺氧条件下经热处理容易逸出,进而产生氧空位.已知氧空位引入是调节半导体能带组成和电子结构的有效手段,不仅能改善其光电性能,而且能提供反应活性位点;因此,Bi₂WO₆是设计合成具有大量活性位点(氧空位)的原子层厚2D材料的理想平台.基于此,本文拟开发温和可控的合成策略,制备表面相对干净的含氧空位原子层厚Bi₂WO₆材料,并将其用于大气污染物NO的氧化去除.本文首先通过理论计算预测了卤素离子在调控Bi₂WO₆晶体生长和表面氧空位引入方面的作用,发现卤素离子尤其是Cl^-不仅能减小原子层厚Bi₂WO₆的表面能(γ),使其稳定存在;而且能降低Bi₂WO₆(001)晶面上氧空位生成能(ΔE).受此启发,我们设计了Cl^-辅助的溶剂热法,成功制备了含表面氧空位的原子层厚Bi₂WO₆材料;并利用高分辨透射电镜技术、X射线光电子能谱等考察了Cl^-的存在形式,及其调控Bi₂WO₆晶体生长和表面氧空位形成的机理:Cl^-因为静电作用吸附在[Bi2O₂]²⁺层上,一方面抑制Bi₂WO₆原子层堆积;另一方面,Cl^-与[Bi2O₂]2+层上Bi原子成键,削弱相邻的Bi?O键,利于O原子逸出形成表面氧空位.在此基础上,将设计合成的含氧空位的原子层厚Bi₂WO₆材料用于空气污染物NO的光催化去除.结果表明,Cl^-辅助合成的BWO-Cl可见光催化去除NO的效率高达64%;且其氧化NO至NO3?的选择性为98%.为了进一步分析BWO-Cl在NO氧化反应中的高活性和高选择性的原因,进行了理论计算与光电化学测试、活性物种分析、原位漫反射红外光谱(in-situ DRIFTs)等表征.结果表明,反应的高活性源于材料原子层厚2D结构及其表面丰富的氧空位对光电性质的改善;高选择性则归因于氧空位增强了Bi₂WO₆吸附活化O₂为?O₂^?的能力,促使NO沿着热力学有利的路径氧化至NO3?.该工作初步展示了卤素离子在调控Bi₂WO₆晶体生长及表面氧空位引入方面的重要作用,对设计合成高活性的原子层厚2D材料具有指导意义;与此同时,材料在NO氧化方面展现出的高活性与高选择性也为构建高效的NO去除体系提供了新思路.     

钼酸铋在光催化技术中的改性与应用

目前,生态污染和能源短缺成为威胁人类生存的全球性问题,绿色、低碳的光催化技术对解决环境及能源问题具有战略性意义。作为三元奥里维里斯型(Aurivillius)化合物,Bi₂MoO₆凭借独特的层状结构引起研究者的广泛关注。然而,由于高的载流子复合率限制了其在光催化技术中的应用。本文重点总结概括对Bi₂MoO₆基光催化剂性能改性的策略,如表面结构调控、缺陷工程、金属沉积、构建异质结及光敏化处理。在诸多改性策略中重点论述Bi₂MoO₆基异质结的构建对光催化性能的影响。并对Bi₂MoO₆基光催化剂当前在光催化技术中面临的挑战及未来的发展前景进行展望,为加快Bi₂MoO₆基光催化剂的发展提供新思路。     

鳞状BiOBr/Bi2WO6的合成及其吸附性能

采用一步水热法成功制备鳞状形貌的BiOBr/Bi₂WO₆复合物,通过X射线衍射（XRD）仪、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、N2吸附/解吸附比表面测定仪（BET）、傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱等对复合物进行了表征。对比Bi₂WO₆与BiOBr的SEM照片,结合KBr的浓度实验,提出了BiOBr/Bi₂WO₆的鳞状形貌的形成机理。选取有机染料为吸附质,BiOBr/Bi₂WO₆为吸附剂进行了复合物吸附性能测试。结果表明,BiOBr/Bi₂WO₆对阳离子染料表现出优越的吸附性能,10 min对次甲基蓝（MB）的吸附率高达99%,优于常规的活性炭吸附剂。此外,BiOBr/Bi₂WO₆对有机染料的吸附行为符合准二级反应速率方程和Freundlich等温吸附模型。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.