Pt(110)/Sb电极上甲酸的电催化氧化特征和动力学

研究了Sb在Pt(110)晶面上不可逆吸附电化学特性及甲酸在Sb_ad修饰Pt(110)电极[Pt(110)/Sb]上的电催化氧化特征及其反应动力学.发现当扫描电位的上限E_u≤0.45V时,Sb_ad可稳定地吸附在Pt(110)表面上,从而有效地抑制了甲酸的解离吸附.与未修饰的Pt(110)上的结果相比,在Pt(110)/Sb上甲酸氧化的峰电位负移了0.35V.当θ_Sb=0.126时,Pt(110)/Sb电极对甲酸的电催化活性最高.还研究了Pt(110)/Sb上甲酸氧化反应的动力学,定量解析了不同θ_Sb下甲酸氧化的速度常数kf和传递系数β.     

Pt电极上甲酸电催化氧化机理研究进展

本文综述了甲酸在铂电极上电催化氧化机理的实验和理论研究进展. 铂电极甲酸的电化学氧化主要有两种途径：1）间接途径,甲酸经由CO中间物氧化为最终产物CO₂,室温下该途径对总电流贡献不超过1%;2）直接途径,甲酸直接氧化生成CO₂. 作者课题组对文献中桥式吸附甲酸根是否是甲酸氧化反应直接途径的反应中间物的争论进行了详细的分析和探讨,认为桥式吸附的甲酸根不是间接途径中生成CO的前驱体,也不是甲酸直接氧化途径的中间物. 作者课题组还指出了支持甲酸根是甲酸直接氧化途径的反应中间物的推论的问题所在.     

吸附原子电催化机理的研究——铂单晶(100)晶面上Pb、Cd吸附原子在甲酸电氧化中的助催化特性

七十年代以来,大量文献报道了某些金属原子的欠电位吸附(UPD)对电催化剂特性的影响.一个典型的例子是甲酸氧化中Pt电极上Pb~(2+)的UPD可增强电催化活性.已知甲酸在铂电极上可经两条平行途径氧化至CO_2,     

在铂上四氢呋喃电氧化的吸附中间物的研究

应用电位扫描和电位-时间程序技术, 研究了四氢呋喃在铂电极上和在HClO_4溶液中电催化氧化时的吸附中间物. 结果表明, 在铂表面上存在三种独方形成的吸附中间物. 论证了这些吸附中间物的可能构型及其形成机理。     

甲酸在Aucore@Ptshell/Pt电极上电催化氧化的原位SERS

用化学还原法合成了Aucore@Ptshell纳米粒子, 并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)等技术对纳米粒子进行表征; 采用电化学原位表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术对甲酸的电催化氧化过程进行了研究, 成功地获得了甲酸在Aucore@Ptshell/Pt电极上解离吸附的原位SERS. 结果显示, 在开路电位时, 甲酸能在Aucore@Ptshell/Pt电极表面自发氧化, 解离生成强吸附中间体COad和弱吸附中间体HCOOad, 在电位为+0.10 V时检测到氧化产物CO2的谱峰. 研究结果表明, Aucore@Ptshell/Pt电极对甲酸的氧化具有较高的催化活性和较强的SERS效应, 甲酸在Aucore@Ptshell/Pt电极上的电催化氧化过程遵循双途径机理.     

Cr(Ⅲ)盐在Pt电极和PbO电极上阳极氧化为铬酸盐的机理的研究

在[H₂SO₄]和[SO₄^2-]恒定的不同浓度Cr₂(SO₄)₃溶液中测定了Cr³⁺在光滑Pt和PbO₂电极上的稳态极化曲线和分解极化曲线,得到了氧的阳极发生和Cr⁶⁺阳极形成的动力学数据,提出了Cr(Ⅵ)是由Cr(Ⅲ)通过"活性氧"的氧化形成的反应机理。测得了PbO₂电极上不同过电位下电极反应的有效活化能,其数值均在41.9kJ/mol以上,且随着极化的增大而减小,据此在动力学处理中可以忽略扩散的作用。测得了在不同电位极化下PbO₂电极的阻抗频谱。在较高电位下阻抗谱呈现明显的两个半圆,表明电极过程包括了中间吸附物的形成。吸附电容C_ad比双层电容C_d大1-2个数量级;C_d比通常光滑电极表面的C_d大得多,这可能与阴离子的特性吸附有关。     

甲酸在铂上电氧化的吸附中间物和机理的研究

根据pH对(甲酸+甲酸钠)/Pt体系的循环伏安图的图形和峰电位。甲酸/Pt和一氘代甲酸(DCOOH)/Pt循环伏安图的对比,以及in situ甲酸预吸附的实验,表明甲酸是通过O—H键的断裂而在铂表面上发生解离吸附,生成中间物HCOO_(2d)。在铂表面上,HCOO_(2d)可呈多种吸附态。甲酸的正常电氧化(即不考虑强吸附中间物的形成和氧化)是按反应序列(3)进行的。     

非水体系中苯并三唑在铜电极上吸附的电化学表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用电化学现场表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)研究了非水体系中苯并三唑(BTAH)在铜电极上的吸附及成膜行为, 结果表明非水体系中BTAH的吸附行为随电位变化而不同. 较负电位区间主要以中性分子形式吸附; 中间电位区间主要以BTA^－吸附并不可逆成膜; 而在氧化电位区间主要表现为铜的氧化. 随中性配体三苯基膦(pph₃)的加入, 在中间电位区间, 由于易溶的Cu(pph₃)_n⁺的生成而使铜的溶解速度加快, 最终该阳离子在溶液中和BTA^-作用而生成了多核铜的配合物. 采用直接电化学方法模拟电极表面过程合成了相应的吸附产物, 并对其组成进行了相关表征.     

甲酸在Pt-Ru/GC电极上氧化的SERS研究

采用循环伏安(CV)法、计时电流法和电化学原位表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)技术研究了甲酸在Pt-Ru/GC电极上的氧化行为, 发现甲酸在Pt-Ru/GC电极上与在粗糙Pt电极上一样, 也能自发解离出强吸附中间体CO和活性中间体—COO－. 从分子水平证实钌的加入有利于提高电极对甲酸的电催化氧化活性, 当镀液中Pt：Ru的摩尔比从10∶1变化到1∶1, CO的氧化峰电位从0.41 V负移至0.35 V, 约负移了60 mV. Pt-Ru/GC(1∶1)电极与粗糙Pt电极相比, CO在电极表面氧化完毕的电位亦负移了约200 mV. 该研究结果表明, 电化学原位表面增强拉曼散射光谱技术可望成为研究电催化反应机理的普适谱学工具.     

研究表面扩散的双电解池方法及其在铂钌二元金属电催化研究中的应用

本文介绍一种由各自质子交换膜(作为电解质),参比电极和对电极在同一个工作电极上建立两个空间分离的、可独立控制的双电解池系统.它能够由第1个恒电位仪控制的第1电解池的工作电极产生某种吸附中间物,该中间物通过表面扩散到达第2个电解池的工作电极后,在第2个恒电位仪的控制下得到电化学检验.应用这一装置测量了铂电极上欠电势沉积的含氧吸附物种的表面扩散系数,并研究模拟铂钌电极电氧化有机小分子产生的毒性中间物与表面含氧吸附物种的相互作用.在质子交换膜燃料电池的燃料极的工作电势下,没有发现钌表面产生的含氧吸附物种扩散到铂的表面.作者据此假设Pt Ru协同催化作用的实现可能是由于铂上毒性中间物的表面扩散速率非常慢,限制了向钌表面的溢流速率.只有当Pt Ru边界足够大,中间物在铂表面扩散途径非常短时才能形成足够的流速,并在钌表面被表面含氧物种氧化成CO2,使铂表面被重新活化.     

STUDIES ON PROMOTION OF UPD OF. LEAD FOR ELECTRO-OXIDATION OF FORMIC ACID ON PLATINUM

Using potential sweep and potential-time sequence techniques,we have studied the promotion of the UPD of lead for the electrocata-lytic oxidation of formic aeid on platinum in the HClO4 aqueous solution.The results show that the first oxidation peak in the anodic direction and the oxidation peak in the cathodic direction in the cyclic voitammogram are attributed to the oxid-ation of the same weakly adsorbed intermediate,while the second and third oxidation peaks in the anodic direction are attributed to the oxidation of the two different strongly adsorbed intermediates.Furthermore,all these intermediates appear as the linear adsorption on the platinum surface and they are probably single bonded species,Pt-HCOO,and multiple bonded species,Pt=CO and Pt=COH,respectively.So the function of the UPD of lead for the electro-oxidation of formic acid is neither a third-body effect nor the decrease of nydrogen adsorption thus preventing the formation of poisoning species.The role of the UPD of lead should be an e     

Formic acid oxidation at platinized platinum electrodes: Part II. Effect of temperature on steady state oxidation process

A study has been made of the effect of temperature on the steady state oxidation of formic acid on platinized platinum electrodes in 0.5 M HCOOH+0.5 M H₂SO₄. The activation energy and entropy of activation for the anodic oxidation process decrease sharply with increase in electrode potential. The results provide additional evidence that the weakly adsorbed intermediate pathway proceeds through a rate-determining step involving the dissociation of weakly adsorbed formic acid molecule.     

研究甲酸在多孔Pt上吸附质的性质以及它与CO的相互作用

应用现场红外反射光谱和微分电化学质谱研究了甲到在多孔Ｐｔ上吸附质的性质。伏安结果显示了甲酸在多孔Ｐｔ上吸附质的氧经与吸附电位和吸附时间有关。在线质谱结果表明从甲酸吸附质氧化成二氧化碳所需要的电子数（ｎｅ）与吸附电位无关。显著地ｎｅ＝２．２说明了甲酸吸附质是由ＣＯ和ＣＯＨ组成，而不是只有单一的ＣＯ或者ＣＯＨ，另一方面，在１２６２ｃｍ＾－１和２０４８ｃｍ＾－１出现的现场红外光谱带证实了甲酸在多孔Ｐｔ上     

甲醛和甲酸在Pt／Sb_（ad）电极上的电催化氧化

研究了甲醛和甲酸在Ｐｔ／Ｓｂ＿（ａｄ）电极上的电催化氧化,在甲醛的情况下,在电位约０．７Ｖ处出现一个氧化峰;在甲酸的情况下,第一氢化峰的峰电流增加约４倍．当覆盖度为０．７５±０．０５时,电极显现最高活性,吸附锑原子在铂电极上具有催化活性的主要原因是通过几何效应阻止吸附毒物（ＰＴ－￣＊Ｃ＝Ｏ）的生成。此外,讨论了电解时间、沉积电位、介质等因素对Ｐｔ／Ｓｂ＿（ａｄ）电极催化活性的影响,提出了在较低电位下,甲醛和甲酸在Ｐｔ／Ｓｂ＿（ａｄ）电极上催化氧化的机理．     

碱性介质中葡萄糖在铂电极上的阳极氧化

为了进一步探明葡萄糖在铂电极上的氧化机理,用循环伏安法(CV)在-0.9～0.4 V(相对于饱和甘汞参比电极)内研究了葡萄糖在铂电极上催化氧化行为,首次详细报道了葡萄糖在电化学氧化过程中的电位振荡现象,并用电流扫描法表征了葡萄糖的电位振荡情况.电流扫描结果表明,在较慢的电流扫描速度下,电极过程出现了明显的电位振荡.说明电极上产生了毒化中间物,电位振荡是由于毒化中间物在电极上的吸附和在高电位下氧化除去引起的.     

Comparative study of carbon monoxide adsorption and oxidation of the chemisorbed species at smooth and platinized platinum electrodes

The adsorption of carbon monoxide and the anodic oxidation of the chemisorbed species were investigated at room temperature under the same experimental conditions on foils of smooth and platinized platinum for which hydrogen adsorption is very similar. Both the weakly and strongly bonded species (type II and type I species) were formed to the same extent on the two electrodes in acidic electrolytes. While the freshly platinized platinum electrode behaved like the smooth electrode with predominance of the one-site adsorption of CO, the aging of the platinized electrode led to an increase of the two-site adsorption. The oxidation rate of strongly bonded species at constant potential decreased when the extent of two-site adsorption increased. The electrochemical results are discussed in the light of recent work in the gas phase.     

Electrocatalysis by foreign metal monolayers: Oxidation of formic acid on platinum

It was demonstrated that some foreign metal monolayers formed by underpotential deposition have pronounced catalytic effects on the oxidation of formic acid on platinum. The explanation of these effects was sought within the framewor of existing data on the formic acid oxidation and the underpotential deposition. It was found that the catalytic effect of foreign metal monolayers originates in the decrease of hydrogen adsorption thus preventing the formation of the main poisoning species COH. At the same time these experiments confirm the previously postulated mechanism of formation of the poisoning species involving adsorbed hydrogen.     

Kinetics of dissociative adsorption of formic acid on electrodes of tetrahexahedral platinum nanocrystals

In the present paper we study the kinetics of dissociative adsorption of formic acid on the electrode of tetrahexahedral platinum nanocrystals (THH Pt NCs). In situ FTIR spectroscopic results demonstrate that HCOOH can be oxidized to CO2 at a low potential (-0.2 V(SCE)) on the THH Pt NCs electrode, and the chemical bonds inside formic acid molecule are broken to form adsorbed COL species. The kinetics of the dissociative adsorption of HCOOH was quantitatively investigated by employing programmed potential s...     

Revealing structural effects, part II: the influence of molecular structure on the adsorption of butanol isomers on platinum

The nature of the adsorbates formed when butanol isomers interact with platinum electrodes in a perchloric acid medium was investigated by the application of on-line differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and cyclic voltammetry. In this way, the reactivity of the residues remaining on the electrode surface after a flow-cell experiment was established for the different molecules. It was found that the four isomers form strongly adsorbed species on the electrode, which undergo both electro-oxidation and electroreduction, depending on the potential applied at the electrode. Oxidative stripping of the adsorbates produces CO2 as the only oxidation product, whereas propane and the corresponding butane isomer are obtained on platinum in the hydrogen adsorption potential region. The yields of these hydrocarbons were found to depend strongly on the nature of the butanol isomer and on the adsorption potential. According to these results, it can be concluded that fragmentation of the butanol isomers occurs during adsorption and reduction reactions. C4 alkene and acetyl species are proposed as the adsorbed intermediates in all cases.