荧光纳米材料在病原微生物检测中的应用

病原菌污染给人类的健康带来极大的安全隐患,对病原菌快速、准确和灵敏的检测是减少污染的重要手段。传统检测病原菌的方法存在耗时长和操作繁琐等缺点。荧光纳米材料具有荧光强度高、稳定性好以及良好的生物相容性等优势,为应用其构造传感器用于病原菌检测提供了新的研究途径。本文对近年来常见荧光纳米材料,包括半导体量子点、金属纳米簇、碳纳米材料、上转换纳米粒子和荧光硅纳米颗粒,在病原菌检测方面的应用进行了概述,着重将不同类别荧光纳米材料的光学性质和检测机理进行了分析和比较。纳米材料的生物修饰是实现病原菌特异性识别的重要环节,本文对抗体、适配体、噬菌体和抗生素等病原菌识别方式的特点及其与纳米材料的连接方式进行了介绍。最后对不同荧光纳米材料在检测病原菌中具有的优势和局限性进行了总结,并对其在未来的应用与研究重点进行了展望。     

高压处理种子对提高长春花中长春碱含量的作用

 在室温下对干燥的一年生矮种长春花种子进行了静高压氮气处理，压力分别为10、20、30 MPa，保压4 h。将各处理组与未经高压处理的对照组种子同时在相同的自然条件下进行播种培育。详细观察对比了各组植株的花形等性状，用高效液相色谱检测了生长旺盛期植株中长春碱和长春新碱的含量，另外还观察了剪枝后再生植株的生长性状。结果表明：种子经高压处理的各组长春花植株中的长春碱含量都有显著增加；长春新碱含量也有提高趋势。这种变化与花形改变和再生植株患病率的分布有一定程度的对应关系。初步认为植株体内长春碱含量的提高可能与高压导致的愈伤组织有关。     

Measuring Grüneisen Parameter of Lead by High Pressure-Jump Method

Using the technology of pressure jump, variations of temperature associated with pressure from 2.4 GPa to 4.6 GPa are measured for lead. The Grfuneisen parameter is calculated from the thermodynamic relation γ =（Ks/T）（aT/aP）s, in which substitution of △T/△P for aT/aP at median pressure is strictly justified. The correction of temperature change is carried out by analysing the experimental data, which makes the process more approaching to an adiabatic condition. The calculated values of △T/ △ P and γ gradually decrease with the increasing pressure. The decrease trend is consistent with the previous work. The γ values in the range of 2-3 GPa are averagely higher than the results of Ramakrishnan et al., indicating the effect of temperature correction. The improved method is promising for measurements of Grfineisen parameter to higher pressure range.     

聚多巴胺还原高锰酸钾制备二氧化锰阵列纳米管

以通过水热法在石英玻璃片表面合成的ZnO纳米棒为模板,在其表面生成聚多巴胺薄膜,然后与KMnO4反应,制备了MnO_2阵列纳米管。经表征发现,制备的MnO_2纳米管形态良好,在基底表面的附着力强;所制备的MnO_2为非晶型。由于ZnO模板易合成、易去除、形态好,且聚多巴胺薄膜的生成方法也很简便易行,使得该制备MnO_2纳米管阵列的方法具有简便、快捷、适用性广等的特性,对MnO_2新形态纳米结构的构建具有一定的启示作用。     

Antiferromagnetic spin dynamics in exchanged-coupled Fe/GdFeO3 heterostructure

We investigate the ultrafast spin dynamics of an antiferromagnet in a ferromagnet/antiferromagnet heterostructure Fe/GdFeO₃ via an all-optical method. After laser irradiation, the terahertz spin precession is hard to be excited in a bare GdFeO₃ without spin reorientation phase but efficiently in Fe/GdFeO₃. Both quasi-ferromagnetic and impurity modes, as well as a phonon mode, are observed. We attribute it to the optical modification of interfacial exchange coupling between Fe and GdFeO₃. Moreover, the excitation efficiency of dynamics can be modified significantly via the pump laser influence. Our results elucidate that the interfacial exchange coupling is a feasible stimulation to efficiently excite terahertz spin dynamics in antiferromagnets. It will expand the exploration of terahertz spin dynamics for antiferromagnet-based opto-spintronic devices.     

红外波段十字阵列光吸收材料光学特性研究

尺寸为光波长量级的微纳结构材料与电磁波的相互作用,使得其具有许多特殊的光学性能,金属-电介质-金属微纳结构具有电磁波完美吸收特性。基于S参数法,研究十字阵列光吸收材料在红外波段的光学特性参数,分析其谐振吸收机理及光学特性参数调谐性。研究结果表明,十字阵列单元尺寸对其等效光学参数具有调谐作用;当材料表面与入射介质之间满足阻抗匹配条件,以及等效折射率系数虚部值足够大时,可以有效提高其吸收率;经过结构优化的十字阵列光吸收材料在红外波段具有大于95%的吸收率,实验样件测试结果大于80%。十字结构臂长和电介质层厚度决定吸收谱特性,而十字结构臂宽仅仅影响吸收谱峰值大小。十字阵列光吸收材料在红外波段的完美吸收及光谱调谐性特点,使其可用于红外探测和光谱成像等领域。     

高压对溶液中聚左旋乳酸单晶生长的影响

采用高压技术实现了500 MPa下聚左旋乳酸(PLLA)在稀薄二甲苯溶液中的单晶生长,采用透射电子显微镜、拉曼光谱和红外光谱对样品的结晶形态和结构进行了表征,考察了高压对聚左旋乳酸单晶生长行为的影响。结果表明,在相同的结晶温度和时间下,高压结晶PLLA的单晶仍为α-型晶体,但单晶尺寸明显大于常压样品;高压环境下PLLA分子链在晶核两端的生长扩散速率不同,容易形成非对称的菱晶形态;高压影响PLLA晶体中分子链的构象分布;在单晶生长期,高压诱导有利于PLLA晶体成核,但不利于单晶生长。     

振荡法制备的聚多巴胺涂层的抗污染性能研究

抗生物吸附表面具有广泛的应用前景。本文中经振荡法制备的聚多巴胺涂层表现出良好的抗生物吸附性能。研究发现,经振荡法生成的聚多巴胺涂层具有小于15°的接触角,表现出超亲水性。以牛血清蛋白为模型蛋白质和以大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌为模型细菌,研究发现,该聚多巴胺涂层表现出良好的抗牛血清蛋白吸附和抗大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌吸附的性能。总体而言,该方法简便易行,所制备的聚多巴胺涂层具有良好的抗生物污染性能。     

Preparation of High-Density Nanocrystalline Bulk Selenium by Rapid Compressing of Melt

The melt＇s solidification behavior of elemental selenium is investigated by a series of experiments including rapid compressing to 2.8 and 3.5 GPa within 20ms respectively, slow compressing to 2.8 GPa for 20 min and natural cooling at ambient pressure. Based on the x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope results of the recovered samples, it is clearly shown that homogenous nanostructures are formed only by the rapid compression processes, and that the average crystal sizes are about 18.7 and 19.0 nm in the samples recovered from 2.8 and 3.5 GPa, respectively. The relative density of the nanocrystalline bulk reaches 98.17% of the theoretical value. It is suggested that rapid compression could induce pervasive nucleation and restrain grain growth during the solidification, which is related to fast supercooling, higher viscosity of the melt and lower diffusivity of atoms under high pressure.