聚苯乙烯-丙烯醛-氨基硫脲/纳米二氧化钛复合固相萃取填料的制备及其性能

以苯乙烯,甲基丙烯醛等为原料,采用分散聚合法制备聚苯乙烯-丙烯醛。将该聚合物与氨基硫脲反应,制备聚苯乙烯-丙烯醛-氨基硫脲。以钛酸丁酯为原料合成的纳米二氧化钛,采用溶液共混法制备聚合物/纳米二氧化钛复合固相萃取填料。采用红外光谱法、扫描电镜、热重分析、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射分析仪对该复合材料进行了表征和分析。考察了合成的固相萃取填料对Cr,As,Cd和Pb离子的吸附性能,其吸附容量分别为15.42,11.20,16.21和16.42 mg/g。将SPE与ICP-M S联用,测定了猪肉中Cr,As,Cd和Pb含量,检出限分别为0.046,0.21,0.012和0.057μg/kg,相对标准偏差分别为3.6%,2.0%,3.2%和1.4%。     

基于离子印迹聚合物微球固相萃取/微波等离子体发射光谱法测定地表水中痕量铅

建立了地表水中痕量Pb~(2+)的离子印迹聚合物固相萃取/微波等离子体发射光谱测定方法(IISPE/MP-AES)。以Pb~(2+)为模板离子,采用皮克林乳液聚合法制备离子印迹聚合物微球(IIPMs),填装成固相萃取柱对样品中Pb~(2+)进行富集。IIPMs的平均粒径为26.6μm,表面分布有丰富的具特异性吸附性能的多孔状结构,等温吸附实验表明其对Pb~(2+)的吸附属于单分子层吸附。通过对IIPMs固相萃取柱的性能及最优富集条件进行考察,样品富集后采用5%HNO_3洗脱,IIPMs固相萃取柱对水中Pb~(2+)的最大富集倍数为250倍,可重复利用12次以上;在最优萃取条件下,方法的检出限为0.26μg/L,实际地表水样的加标回收率为92.4%~98.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于4.1%。IIPMs固相萃取与MP-AES联用可用于地表水中痕量Pb~(2+)的准确测定。     

移液枪头式整体柱直接固相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定尿液中苯二氮卓类药物

本文采用甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯(HEMA)与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯在移液器枪头中共聚制备固相微萃取整体柱，用于直接处理尿液中3种苯二氮卓类药物(BZDs)。实验考察了单体用量、聚合时间及固相微萃取条件对BZDs萃取效率的影响，评价了其吸附性能。当HEMA用量为40 mg,聚合温度60℃时，固相微萃取整体柱对目标物吸附效率达98.9%～100%,且对尿液中杂质的吸附率低于10%。取3 mL尿液样品，无需处理，直接上样至该柱，经4 mL纯净水冲洗，1 mL乙腈洗脱，得到的样品结合高效液相色谱仪分析。方法对3种BZDs在2.5～1 000 ng/mL浓度范围呈现良好线性关系(r=0.999),检出限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)为0.8～1.5 ng/mL和2.5～5.0 ng/mL,回收率为86.2%～107%。本方法构筑的萃取柱制备简单，能实现对原始尿液的直接、高效萃取，操作便捷。     

自动顶空衍生化固相微萃取法测定啤酒中的老化醛类化合物

采用邻-五氟苯甲基羟胺(PFBOA)衍生,顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)测定啤酒中2-甲基丁醛、3-甲基丁醛、反-2-壬烯醛等8种老化醛类化合物.顶空固相微萃取采用65 μm PDMS/DVB纤维,先用纤维吸附PFBOA溶液,再将纤维插入装有2 mL啤酒的20 mL顶空进样瓶的顶空中在60 ℃萃取60 min,衍生和萃取都在自动进样器中进行.采用GC-MS检测,特征离子为m/z 181.8种羰基化合物在0.2～500 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数在0.990以上.检测样品的相对标准偏差为1.0%～15.7%,回收率为88%～103%.同时研究并讨论了萃取纤维、萃取温度、萃取时间、样品体积等因素对醛类萃取量的影响.该方法可用于啤酒保鲜期研究和产品质量控制.     

树状聚嘧胺-2-巯基苯并咪唑修饰硅胶分离富集镉

制备了树状聚嘧胺-2-巯基苯并咪唑修饰硅胶PDM-n. 0MBISG (n=1,2,3,4),利用红外光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析、元素分析和孔径与比表面分析进行表征。以PDM-n. 0MBISG(n=1,2,3,4)为填料研究其对Cd~(2+)的微柱分离富集性能。结果表明,pH8试液以3. 0 mL/min流速进样,可以实现Cd~(2+)定量吸附。PDM-n. 0MBISG (n=1,2,3,4)对Cd~(2+)的吸附容量分别为13. 37,17. 78,23. 70和29. 19 mg/g,富集系数分别达到100,150,200和200倍。准二级动力学方程可以较好的描述PDM-n. 0MBISG (n=1,2,3,4)对Cd~(2+)的吸附行为,使用100个吸附和解吸附循环后,其吸附性能未发生变化。以PDM-4. 0MBISG作为微柱填料建立了分离富集-石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定Cd~(2+)的方法,方法检出限为0. 1 ng/mL,测定Cd~(2+)的线性范围为1. 0～16 ng/mL。该方法成功应用于国标样品、鱿鱼和海水中Cd~(2+)分析。     

二氧化锆微球表面键合磺化交联聚苯乙烯固相萃取填料的制备及应用

以聚合诱导胶体凝聚法(PICA)制备二氧化锆微球,用钛酸酯偶联剂对其进行表面改性,使其接枝上碳碳双键基团。在溶液体系中,该双键与单体苯乙烯和二乙烯苯在自由基引发下交联聚合,形成的聚合物包覆在二氧化锆微球表面。再通过磺化方法将磺酸基离子连接到苯环上,得到阳离子交换固相萃取填料。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜/X射线能谱等手段对其进行了表征。将装填得到的固相萃取柱与高效液相色谱联用,测定了水中的甲基磺草酮、阿特拉津和乙草胺。3种化合物的色谱峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r²)均大于0.99;甲基磺草酮、阿特拉津和乙草胺的检出限分别为5.41、6.72和13.4 μg/L。结果表明,制得的聚合物包覆二氧化锆微球的粒径为6~8 μm,用该填料制成的固相萃取小柱对3种目标物的吸附率高。     

以铅笔芯为吸附基质的顶空-固相微萃取法测定酒中的甲醇

固相微萃取(SPME)是以固相萃取(SPE)为基础发展起来的新方法。在多次实验后发现,主要成分为碳的铅笔芯在经过一定的物理,化学处理后对被分析物能产生定量吸附,因此可用作SPME的萃取基质。对该吸附基质,选择了其萃取、解吸的最佳条件如:萃取时间,水浴温度,搅拌速度,解吸时间及温度等。在选定的最佳条件下,以铅笔芯作吸附基质对甲醇进行顶空 固相微萃取测定,其线性范围是5×10-6～2×10-7g/mL,线性相关系数r=0.9975。富集20min后,检出限为0.5×10-7g/mL。使用该法测定了5种酒中的甲醇含量,回收率在95%～110%之间。在对同一样品的3次平行测定中,其相对标准偏差在6%以下。     

无筛板型固相萃取柱的制备及其在食品中苯甲酸的测定研究

结合固相萃取(SPE)盘与含支撑物的SPE柱技术,制备了一种新型的无筛板型固相萃取柱.以C18填料为例,以话梅样品为介质对其中的苯甲酸进行分析,并用传统固相萃取小柱平行比较;将SPE与HPLC-UV结合,考察了填料对简单介质中苯甲酸的最大吸附量及洗脱曲线,研究了新型SPE柱在实际应用中的分离纯化效果.结果表明,新型SPE柱对样品的吸附效果更好,规格为200 mg/3 mL的SPE柱对苯甲酸的吸附量达到0.951 mg,超过了传统柱的吸附量0.908 mg;其洗脱曲线与传统柱几乎重合;苯甲酸在1～100 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好, r=0.9999,用此SPE柱纯化后的样品加标回收率和相对误差分别在88.4%～102.3%和1.4%～2.9%之间.     

环境水体中致嗅有机物分析的样品前处理技术研究进展

环境水体中致嗅有机物种类繁多,常见的土霉味物质包括土臭素(GSM)、2-二甲基异茨醇(MIB)、2-甲氧基-3-异丙基吡嗪(IPMP)、2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪(IBMP)和2,4,6-三氯代苯甲醚(TCA)等,其在水中的质量浓度一般在ng/L ～μg/L水平且嗅阈值较低.该文总结了测定环境水体中痕量土霉味物质的气相色谱-质谱法,并对闭环捕集、吹扫捕集、液液萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、液相微萃取和搅拌棒吸附萃取7种样品前处理技术进行了介绍和对比.重点介绍了目前应用最广泛的顶空固相微萃取技术和新发展的液相微萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取技术在环境水体中致嗅有机物分析中的应用,并展望了致嗅有机物的分析方法.     

顶空固相微萃取谱-气相色谱-质谱联用测定饮用水中6种致嗅化合物

采用顶空固相微萃取谱-气相色谱-质谱联用法对饮用水中2-甲基异茨醇、土味素、2-甲氧基-3-异丙基吡嗪、2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪、2,4,6-三氯苯甲醚和2,3,6-三氯苯甲醚共6种致嗅化合物进行了分析。通过对固相微萃取纤维的类型、解吸附时间、NaCl溶液浓度、溶液pH、顶空温度、转速、顶空时间等顶空条件及GC-MS条件的优化,建立了一次性顶空固相微萃取快速测定饮用水中6种致嗅化合物的方法。采用0.10 mol/L的NaOH溶液将水样调至pH 6.0。以DVB/Carboxen/PDMS涂层的固相微萃取纤维头对20 mL添加了NaCl溶液浓度为0.3 g/mL的水样于70℃水浴顶空萃取25 min。被萃取的致嗅化合物于250℃解吸附4 min供GC-MS分析。6种致嗅化合物在0.25～100 ng/L范围内线性关系良好(R>0.986),检出限低于0.1 ng/L。对实际水样进行分析,低、中、高3种不同浓度的加标回收率为93.0%～106.6%,相对标准偏差为3.0%～6.6%(n=6)。该分析方法可对饮用水中6种致嗅化合物进行同时监测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.