闪锌矿GaN/AlGaN量子点中激子态及光学性质的研究

在有效质量近似的框架下,运用变分方法研究闪锌矿GaN/AlGaN量子点中的激子态及相关光学性质,探讨电子与空穴在量子点中的三维空间受限和有限势效应.数值计算结果显示,当量子点的尺寸增加时, 量子尺寸效应对电子和空穴的影响减弱,基态激子结合能和带间光跃迁能也都降低;而当该量子点中垒层AlGaN中 Al含量增加时,提高了量子点对电子和空穴的束缚作用, 同时基态激子结合能和带间光跃迁能都增加.数值的理论结果与相关实验测量结果一致.     

半导体量子点中弱耦合激子的性质

研究了抛物型半导体量子点中弱耦合激子的性质,在有效质量近似下,采用线性组合算符和幺正变换的方法,导出了抛物型半导体量子点中激子的基态能量。讨论了量子点半径和受限强度对半导体量子点中弱耦合激子的基态能量的影响。以GaAs半导体为例进行了数值计算,结果表明:在弱耦合情况下,重空穴激子和轻空穴激子的基态能量随量子点半径的减小而增大,随受限强度ω₀的增强而增大。     

磁场和量子点尺寸对激子性质的影响

在In_0.6Ga_0.4As/GaAs量子点中,采用一维等效势模型和有限差分法理论计算了激子态的性质,得到了激子跃迁能和束缚能随磁场、横向束缚强度以及量子点尺寸的变化关系.结果表明:加入磁场后,Zeeman效应使得激子的能级简并度解除,激子的基态跃迁能与实验符合得很好;横向束缚强度或磁场强度的增加使得激子的束缚增强;量子点的尺寸对激子的束缚产生重要的影响;通过电子-空穴间平均距离以及激子体系波函数分布图像分析了其产生的物理机制.     

变分方法研究ZnO量子点中激子的基态特性

ZnO是一种新型宽禁带直接带隙Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体材料,室温激子束缚能高达60meV,远大于室温热离化能(26meV),因此ZnO是适于室温或更高温度下使用的高效紫外光电材料。ZnO半导体量子点材料与体材料相比具有崭新的光电特性,特别在紫外激光器件方面,与ZnO的激子特性密切相关,因此理论上对ZnO量子点中激子的基态特性进行研究就显得十分必要。采用有效质量近似(EMA)方法,提出新的比较简单的尝试波函数,对ZnO量子点中激子的基态特性进行了计算。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,说明我们的计算结果比较真实、有效。对变分参数K_e、K_h,归一化常数N_e、N_h以及波函数ψ随粒径变化关系进行了计算。计算结果表明,当量子点半径较小(r≤4.0a_B)时,激子的波函数ψ变化非常迅速,而由于此时量子点具有很大的比表面积,因此量子点所处的环境、体内的缺陷、杂质会对其产生非常强烈的影响,同时其表面(界面)的介质会对其基态特性产生影响,因此对量子点进行有效的修饰与掺杂以减少其表面缺陷及表面悬键,减少无辐射复合与界面发射是非常必要的。     

磁场和量子点尺寸对方形杂质量子点中电子性质的影响

利用二维有限差分方法,计算了含有H_2~+杂质的方形量子点的基态能和杂质束缚能。讨论了磁场和杂质位置对不同尺寸的量子点中电子基态能量和束缚能的影响,得出了方形量子点系统的量子尺寸效应。     

介电受限对CdSe量子点中受限激子的影响

在有效质量近似条件下,通过Wang和Zunger给出的CdSe量子点介电常量与其半径的关系,利用变分方法计算了该量子点中受限激子的基态能及束缚能.结果表明,在考虑量子点介电常量随尺度减小的变化以后,受限激子的束缚能增大,基态能降低,更接近实验值.同时,也讨论了量子点介电常量的尺度效应和表面极化效应对受限激子的影响. 关键词：     

用B样条技术研究半导体微晶中激子的量子受限效应

在有效质量近似（EMA）下，采用B样条技术和变分方法，分别研究较大CdTe球量子点(25—35nm)和较小CdS球量子点(025—35nm)中激子的量子受限效应，计算出CdTe和CdS球量子点中受限激子的基态能和束缚能随参数的变化规律，比较两种计算结果得到：（1）较大量子点中受限激子的基态能和束缚能对量子点边界和量子点外部介质的介电常数不敏感，但较小量子点中受限激子的基态能和束缚能对量子点边界和量子点外部介质的介电常数比较敏感.（2）在较强受限区域，大量子点与小量子点的激子基态能和束缚能的变化规律完全不同.（3）B样条技术对于研究这种具有边界的束缚态系统是很精确的方法，这种方法特别适合用于多层结构量子点系统的精确计算. 关键词： B样条技术 量子受限效应 有效质量近似     

声子之间的相互作用对量子线中磁极化子性质的影响

研究了量子线中弱耦合磁极化子的性质.采用线性组合算符和微扰法导出量子线中弱耦合磁极化子的基态能量.在计及电子在反冲效应中发射和吸收不同波矢的声子之间的相互作用时,讨论了量子线的受限强度、电子-LO声子耦合强度和声子之间相互作用对量子线中弱耦合磁极化子的基态能量的影响.数值计算结果表明:量子线中弱耦合磁极化子的基态能量随量子线的受限强度ω₀的增大而迅速增大.当受限强度ω₀取相同值时,电子-声子耦合强度α越大基态能量E₀越小,磁场的回旋频率ω_e越大基态能量E₀越大.在弱磁场情况下,当ω₀<0.5时,随着量子线的受限强度ω₀的减少p值迅速增大,即对于弱磁场声子之间相互作用的影响不能忽略.     

抛物量子点中弱耦合激子的光学声子平均数

研究了电子-体纵光学声子弱耦合情况下,抛物量子点中激子的性质。在有效质量近似下,采用线性组合算符和幺正变换方法研究了抛物量子点中弱耦合激子的基态能量和光学声子平均数。以GaAs半导体为例进行了数值计算,结果表明:弱耦合情况下,激子的光学声子平均数基态的能量和量子点受限强度的增大而减小,随量子点半径的增大而增大。     

极性晶体量子点中强耦合激子的内部激发态

在有效质量近似下,采用线性组合算符和幺正变换方法研究了极性晶体量子点中强耦合激子的内部激发态性质,导出了极性晶体量子点中强耦合激子的基态能量、第一内部激发态能量和激发能量随量子点半径的变化关系。对TlCl晶体进行数值计算,结果表明,量子点中强耦合激子的基态能量、第一内部激发态能量和激发能量随量子点半径的减小而增大。     

Exciton relaxation in PbS quantum dots

Exciton relaxation in PbS quantum dots (QDs) in glass and tetrachloroethylene have been investigated and the radiative and non‐radiative relaxation rates of the lowest 1S–1S state have been measured. An estimate of the carrier intra‐band transition rates and their transfer efficiency is calculated. The dependence of the exciton dynamics on the QD surface properties is presented and discussed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Effect of the Electron-LO-Phonon Coupling on an Exciton Quantum Dot

The influence of the electron-LO-phonon coupling on energy spectrum of the low-lying states ofan exciton inparabolic quantum dots is investigated as a function of dot size. Calculations are made by using the method of few-bodyphysics within the effective-mass approximation. A considerable decrease of the energy in the stronger confinement rangeis found for the low-lying states of an exciton in quantum dots, which results from the confinement of electron-phononcoupling.     

Polarization anisotropy of exciton in self-assembled elliptical InP/InGaP quantum dots

Optical anisotropy of self-assembled elliptical InP quantum dots has been investigated in terms of the polarization dependence of excitons. Although large size inhomogeneity is present, two kinds of characteristic quantum dots, which are classified into large and small quantum dots, were found in terms of the polarization anisotropy. We have confirmed that the large quantum dots are more pronounced in the polarization anisotropy, where the degree of linear polarization for the large quantum dots is significantly larger (∼60%) than that for the small ones (∼36%). The effective shape of quantum dots is also estimated by using the size dependence of oscillator strength, which is in agreement with the AFM image. We also suggest that the anisotropy of exciton oscillator strength can be modified via the dipole–dipole interaction between nearest exciton dipoles.     

ZnCdSe量子阱/CdSe量子点耦合结构中的激子隧穿过程

用室温光致发光谱和飞秒脉冲抽运探测方法对不同垒宽的ZnCdSe量子阱/ZnSe/CdSe 量子点新型耦合结构中激子隧穿过程进行研究，观察到激子从量子阱到量子点的快速隧穿过 程.在ZnSe垒宽为10nm, 15nm, 20nm时，测得激子隧穿时间分别为1.8ps, 4.4ps, 39ps. 关键词： ZnCdSe量子阱 CdSe量子点 激子 隧穿     

Exciton States in Spherical Gaussian Potential Wells

The exciton L = 0 and L = 1 states of a spherical GaAs quantum dot with a Gaussian confining potential are calculated by using the matrix diagonalization method.The size dependence of the exciton levels and the influence of the depth of the confining potential well in the spherical quantum dots are investigated. The same calculations performed with the parabolic approximation of the Gaussian potential lead to the results, which are qualitatively and quantitatively different.     

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of PbS quantum dots stabilized by 1,2-benzenedimethanethiol and attachment to single-walled carbon nanotubes

Lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots stabilized by 1,2-benzenedimethanethiol can be synthesized by mixing Pb(NO₃)₂ and Na₂S solutions in ethanol under ultrasound irradiation. The PbS quantum dots (2.7 and 3.6 nm in diameter) are characterized by their absorption and fluorescence spectra in the near infrared region and by other surface analytical techniques. With addition of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) to the system, this ultrasound-assisted procedure allows attachment of PbS nanoparticles to SWNT surface via π–π stacking, thus providing a simple one-pot method for preparation of SWNT–PbS nanoparticle composite materials. Using the ultrasound-assisted method for synthesizing silica composites containing PbS nanoparticles by a sol–gel process is also described.     

Absorption Spectra and Refractive Index Changes of an Exciton in a Core/Shell Quantum Dot

The absorption spectra and the refractive index changes are calculated theoretically for an exciton in a core/shell quantum dot. The advantage of our methodology is that one can investigate the influence of the repulsive core by varying two parameters in the confinement potential. The dimensionality effect of exciton quantum dots on the optical absorptions has been studied. It has been found that in the same regime, the optical absorption intensities of excitons are much smaller for the core/shell quantum dots than for the two-dimensional quantum rings. The linear and the nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes have been examined with the change of the confinement potential. The results show that the optical absorptions and the refractive index changes are strongly affected by the repulsive core of core/shell quantum dots. Moreover, the calculated results also reveal that as the inner radius increases, the peak values of the absorption coefficients and the refractive index changes of an exciton will show the optical Aharonov–Bohm oscillation in core/shell quantum dots.     

CdSeS合金结构量子点的多激子俄歇复合过程

多激子效应通常是指吸收单个光子产生多个激子的过程,该效应不仅可以为研究基于量子点的太阳能电池开拓新思路,还可以为提高太阳能电池的光电转换效率提供新方法.但是,超快多激子产生和复合机制尚不明确.这里以CdSeS合金结构量子点为研究对象,研究了其多激子生成和复合动力学.稳态吸收光谱显示, 510, 468和430 nm附近的稳态吸收峰,分别对应1S_(3/2)(h)-1S(e)(或1S), 2S_(3/2)(h)-1S(e)(或2S)和1P_P(3/2)(h)-1P(e)(或1P)激子的吸收带.通过飞秒时间分辨瞬态吸收光谱和纳秒时间分辨荧光光谱两种时间分辨光谱技术对CdSeS合金结构量子点的超快动力学进行了探究,结果显示, 1S激子的双激子复合时间大概是80 ps,这一时间比传统量子点的双激子复合时间(小于50 ps)延长了近一倍,结合最近发展的超快界面电荷分离技术,在激子湮灭之前将其利用起来,这一时间的延长将有很大的应用前景;其中,在2S和1P激子中除上述双激子复合外,还存在一个通过声子耦合路径的空穴弛豫过程,时间大概是5—6 ps.最后,利用纳秒时间分辨荧光光谱得到该样品体系单激子复合的时间约为200 ns.     

Investigation of Dynamical Parameters of Exciton Confined in CdS Spherical Quantum Dots with a B-Spline Technique

Exciton energies as a function of radii of quantum dots in the range of 5-35 A are calculated based on effective mass approximation model with the B-spline technique and compared with experimental and other theoretical data for the CdS dots. This method leads to accurate and fast convergent exciton energy, which are in good agreement with experimental data in the whole confinement regime. The effect of penetration of wave function from the inside to the outside of the dots and the effect of dielectric constants are taken into account. The magnitudes of dynamical parameters are discussed. It is found that the different materials surrounding the CdS quantum dot affect not only the potential energy and Coulomb interaction energy of the system, but also the effective masses. The comparison shows that the effective mass approximation model can describe very well the quantum size effects observed experimentally on the exciton ground state energy.     

热分解含硫金属有机配合物制备近红外PbS量子点

以Pb(NO₃)₂, Na(S₂CNEt₂)·3H₂O为反应物, 在去离子水中合成含硫金属有机配合物Pb(S₂CNEt₂)₂. 氩气保护下, 在油酸和十八烯混合溶液中热分解前躯体Pb(S₂CNEt₂)₂, 反应时间分别为30, 60, 90, 120 min, 获得PbS量子点样品a, b, c, d. 通过红外光谱分析和热重-差热等手段对前躯体进行表征, 证明配体Na(S₂CNEt₂)·3H₂O中的两个硫原子与Pb²⁺配位成功. PbS量子点样品X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜分析表明, 合成的PbS为类球形纯立方晶系PbS纳米晶; 对PbS量子点样品紫外-可见吸收光谱和光致发光谱进行研究发现, 吸收光谱和光致发光谱随着反应时间的增加顺序红移, 表明优化热分解反应时间可以调控PbS量子点的吸收光谱和光致发光谱. PbS量子点样品a发射峰在1080 nm, 与硅基太阳能电池相匹配, 可作为硅基荧光太阳能聚集器的荧光材料. 关键词： 热分解法 含硫金属有机配合物 PbS量子点 反应时间