辉光放电质谱（GDMS）法校正高纯氧化铋中19种元素的相对灵敏度因子

采用标准溶液加入法往高纯氧化铋中加入混合标准溶液,烘干并研磨均匀,制备了5个高纯氧化铋的控制样品。再挑取适量的粉末样品压在高纯铟薄片上,建立了辉光放电质谱(GDMS)法校正高纯氧化铋中的Mg、Al、Ca等19种元素相对灵敏度因子的方法。实验考察了放电参数和制样面积对基体信号强度和稳定性的影响,优化后的辉光放电电流为1.8mA,放电电压为950V,压在铟薄片上的高纯氧化铋直径约为6～8mm。通过选择合适的同位素,在4000的中分辨率下测定即可消除质谱干扰。为了验证加标回收的准确性,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对控制样品进行测定,所有元素的加标回收率都在80%以上。采用GDMS法测定5个控制样品并结合ICP-MS法的测定值建立工作曲线,大部分元素的线性均达到0.995以上;除Al、Ga、Sb外,大部分元素的校准相对灵敏度因子(calRSF)和仪器自带的标准相对灵敏度因子(stdRSF)的比值都在1/2～2之间,说明GDMS的半定量分析不会有数量级的差别。但对于某些需要准确测定纯度的定量分析,则必须采用基体相匹配的RSF值进行校正。     

直流辉光放电质谱法测定高纯二氧化锗中的16种杂质元素及其相对灵敏度因子的求取

取高纯GeO_2粉末5.00g(颗粒度小于30μm)5份,其中一份作为空白,其余4份中依次加入Li、Be、Mg、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Sn、Sb、Tl、Pb等16种元素的标准溶液,使其浓度梯度为0,0.4,1.0,2.0,5.0μg·g~(-1),于烘箱中100℃烘干。充分研磨混匀后制得GeO_2粉末中含16种杂质元素的控制样品。取高纯铟按方法规定压制成直径约为15mm的In薄片。取5片铟薄片,取适量上述5个GeO_2控制样品分别置于铟薄片上,盖上数层称量纸后用手动压紧压实,使铟薄片上的控制样品的直径约为4mm,并分别进行直流辉光放电质谱法(dc-GD-MS)测定。选择放电电流为1.8mA,放电电压为850V,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定控制样品中各杂质元素的含量,并将这些测定值作为标准值。将ICP-MS测定所得待测元素和基体元素的离子束强度比值为横坐标,以与其对应的信号强度为纵坐标绘制校准曲线,曲线的斜率即为各元素的相对灵敏度因子(RSF)值。所得16种元素的校准RSF(calRSF)值和仪器自带的标准RSF(stdRSF)值之间存在显著的差异,其比值大都在2～3之间。由此可见制备的一组GeO_2粉末控制样品不仅建立了各元素的工作曲线,而且获得了与基体相匹配的RSF值,解决了用GD-MS测定高纯GeO_2中16种杂质元素的问题。     

辉光放电质谱法测定高纯材料中痕量硫杂质

准确测定并控制材料中杂质元素含量是发挥高纯材料性能不可或缺的环节。辉光放电质谱法(GDMS)是准确、快速、高灵敏分析高纯材料中痕量及超痕量硫的理想方法。对GDMS分析高纯铜和镍基高温合金中痕量硫的质谱干扰进行了讨论,优化了放电电流和放电电压,采用多种标准物质对硫的相对灵敏度因子(RSF)进行了校准和验证,并与二次离子质谱法(SIMS)进行分析结果比对,验证了GDMS定量分析结果的准确性和可靠性。     

辉光放电质谱测量中的相对灵敏度因子研究

辉光放电质谱(GDMS)作为高纯金属和半导体材料分析的强有力工具在国内已得到了大量应用,该文简要介绍了GDMS的基本原理和国内外应用现状,对仪器测量条件的选择、测量重复性进行了详细研究,对于含量在1 mg/kg左右的杂质,测量的重复性将产生约1%～5%的不确定度;对不同金属基体的系列标准物质进行对比研究,发现对于基体相同的样品,杂质元素在较宽的浓度范围内可以使用同样的校正系数进行校正,大部分元素的线性相关系数达到0.999以上,但对于不同基体的样品,测量中仍存在明显的基体效应,一些元素,尤其是轻质量数元素的相对灵敏度因子(RSF)设定值存在较大的偏差,并不适合定量分析,但绝大部分不超过2倍误差,可以满足半定量分析的要求。通过对GDMS定量分析中关键因素的研究,认为相对灵敏度因子的校正是GDMS测量结果可溯源性的关键。     

辉光放电质谱法测定高纯铟中痕量元素

采用辉光放电质谱法(GDMS)对高纯铟中铁、铜、铅、锌、铊、镉、锡等14种元素进行了测定,对仪器工作参数进行了优化,对预溅射过程时间的确定和质谱干扰的排除进行了讨论,结果表明,GDMS是目前具有足够灵敏度对高纯导电材料进行直接分析的有效手段。     

辉光放电质谱法测定高纯钛中痕量杂质元素及其相对灵敏度因子校正EI北大核心CSCD

通过选择合适的同位素及分辨率,建立了辉光放电质谱法(GDMS)测定高纯Ti中57种痕量杂质元素的方法。辉光放电过程优化条件为Ar流量500 mL/min,放电电流2.2 mA,预溅射时间30 min。利用高纯Ti标准样品获得了与基体匹配的13种元素的相对灵敏度因子(RSF)值。用建立的方法对高纯Ti溅射靶材样品进行检测,主要杂质元素为Al, Si, S, Cl, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zr,含量在0.051~2.470μg/g之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)<23%,杂质总量<5μg/g。其中,Ca, Nb元素的检出限为0.5μg/g,其余元素的检出限低至10 ng/g级或1 ng/g级,而且Th, U元素的检出限达到0.1 ng/g。该方法能够满足5N级高纯金属Ti溅射靶材的检测要求。     

辉光放电质谱法测定核级石墨粉中痕量杂质

建立了直流辉光放电质谱法(DC-GDMS)测定核级石墨粉中痕量杂质元素的方法。用一定的压力将石墨粉镶嵌在高纯铟片上,形成一个直径约为5 mm的圆形石墨薄层,用铟片辅助石墨粉放电,实现了粉状样品直接检测。优化的实验条件为放电电流0.8 mA,放电电压1.2 kV,放电气体流速0.437 mL/min。用石墨粉标准样品(19J T61029)单点校准了仪器相对灵敏度因子,消除基体效应,实现15个关键杂质元素定量分析。方法检出限为5.0 ng/g,在单侧0.05显著性水平下,利用Student's t检验,方法测定结果t值均小于临界值,与标准值无显著性差异。相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%。本方法与电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定结果比较,相对误差在2.4%~17.4%之间。     

直流辉光放电质谱法检测三氧化钼中痕量元素含量

建立了直流辉光放电质谱(dc-GDMS)测定三氧化钼中痕量元素含量的方法,优化了辉光放电参数,考察了三氧化钼制样面积对放电稳定性和灵敏度的影响。在优化条件下,测定2个三氧化钼标准样品BS ZZ42001和BS ZZ42003的相对灵敏度因子RSF₁和RSF₂,计算得到平均相对灵敏度因子RSF_A,对三氧化钼标准样品BS ZZ42002的测定结果进行校正,与BS ZZ42002的标准值比较,除Ti和Cd外,校正后得到的各元素测定值相对误差在±9.5%以内。对未知的三氧化钼样品测定结果进行校正,并与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)结果对比。t检验结果表明,RSF_A校正值与ICP-AES/ICP-MS法测定值无显著性差异。该方法可为三氧化钼中多种痕量元素的快速定量分析提供参考。     

辉光放电质谱法测定纯锡中24种杂质元素和锡记忆效应的消除

采用辉光放电质谱法(GDMS)测定了纯锡中24种杂质元素,分析方法为无标定量分析。分析前纯锡样品须依次用乙醇、水及乙醇冲洗以除去表面的灰尘颗粒,凉干后用于分析。本工作对辉光放电过程中的三项关键因素,即辉光放电电压、放电电流及放电气流三者在辉光放电溅射/电离时的相互关系及其对总离子流强度的影响进行了试验和讨论,并确定了仪器在最佳状态时辉光放电的优化条件为:放电电压590V,放电电流30mA,放电气流450mL·min~(-1)。为排除各元素测定中质谱(MS)干扰的影响,选择了在不同的分辨模式(中/高)下用相对丰度较高、干扰较少的质量数进行分析。所测定元素测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于15%。各元素的检出限(3s)为0.003～0.174μg·g~(-1)之间。本方法所得测定结果与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)或电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)的测定结果基本一致。经试验,通过更换GDMS的阳极帽、导流管、采样锥和透镜等4种耗材,可完全消除锡的记忆效应。     

辉光放电质谱仪校准方法

研究了辉光放电质谱仪（GDMS）的校准方法,评定了校准结果不确定度。用纯铜和合金钢标准样品在优化条件下对辉光放电质谱仪的灵敏度、稳定性、分辨率、检出限、示值误差和重复性等计量指标进行校准,验证仪器的可靠性。运用标准曲线方法定量分析合金钢标准样品中铜、钼、钨3钟元素,计算得铜、钼、钨3钟元素测量值的相对扩展不确定度分别为8%、6%、9%。根据不确定度来源和各不确定度分量结果,可知相对灵敏度因子（F）带来的不确定度显著高于其它不确定度,其对GDMS定量分析的准确性产生较大影响。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.