Co助剂对稀燃NOx阱Pt/Ba-Al-O结构和性能的影响

 采用共沉淀－浸渍法制备了Pt／Co－Ba－Al－O催化剂，用X射线衍射、X射线吸收近边结构和扩展X射线吸收精细结构等手段表征了催化剂的微观结构，并在连续流动微型反应器上测定了催化剂对NOx的储存性能．载体经过800℃焙烧后，Co物种主要以四面体配位的铝酸钴相存在．在富氧条件下，高分散的小颗粒铝酸钴相促进了NO向NO2的转化，大大改善了催化剂对NOx的储存性能．铂物种则以小的金属原子簇形式存在，分散度很高．钴助剂的添加改善了氧化铝相的分散度，抑制了金属铂原子簇与载体的相互作用，使铂在催化剂表面分散得更均匀，从而有利于NOx的储存．     

不同方法制备的Cu-Cr/γ-Al2O3的结构及其对糠醛加氢制2-甲基呋喃反应的催化性能

 利用普通浸渍法、共沉淀法和溶剂化金属原子浸渍法制备了一系列Cu－Cr／γ－Al2O3催化剂，并用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线光电子能谱等技术对这些催化剂进行了表征．结果表明，不同方法制备的催化剂的金属粒度的顺序为溶剂化金属原子浸渍法＜共沉淀法＜普通浸渍法；金属还原程度的顺序为溶剂化金属原子浸渍法＞普通浸渍法≈共沉淀法．糠醛加氢反应实验结果表明，催化活性顺序为溶剂化金属原子浸渍法＞普通浸渍法＞共沉淀法；生成2－甲基呋喃选择性顺序为共沉淀法＞普通浸渍法＞溶剂化金属原子浸渍法．     

X射线衍射多谱峰匹配强度比定量相分析方法

提出了1种采用x射线衍射多谱峰匹配强度比进行定量相分析的新方法;该法是利用混合物样品x射线衍射谱图中的多谱峰数据,结合ICDD卡中的各相标准谱峰的相对强度分布数据进行最小二乘法回归分析,求得混合物样品中各相间的多谱峰匹配强度比;以多谱峰匹配强度比取代通常采用的特定单一谱线强度比,用于混合物样品的x射线衍射定量相分析,有利于提高定量相分析的精度;采用多谱峰匹配强度比结合绝热法和基体清洗法X射线衍射定量相分析原理,通过对4组分混合物样品的分析,证实实验结果和理论完全一致。     

X射线衍射定量相分析新方法

在基体清洗法的基础上提出一种新的X射线衍射定量分析方法，该方法是利用混合样品X射线衍射谱图中的全部衍射峰数据，把清洗剂同样品中所包含的所有待测物相的纯相按比例混合，在同一水平下同时测定各物相与清洗剂对应的几个K值，结合JCPDS卡中的各相标准谱峰的相对强度分布数据进行最小二乘方程组的抛弃平均法回归分析，求得混合物样品中各相间的全谱峰匹配强度比，用于混合物样品的X射线衍射定量相分析，有利于提高定量相分析的精度，通过对四组分混合物样品的分析，实验结果和理论完全一致。     

氯氧镁水泥水化相定量测定的重叠峰—K值法

用Ｘ射线衍射定量分析的重叠峰－Ｋ值法，测定了氯氧镁水泥水化相含量，回收实验的相对误差小于８％，水化相含量与氯氧镁水泥的抗压强度密切相关。     

磷脂中胆碱(PC)、乙醇胺(PE)和水(H2O)三相相图的研究

利用X射线衍射测定了磷脂中胆碱（PC），乙醇胺（PE）和H2O不同含量时的X射线衍射峰，初步绘制出了三相相图的轮廓，为三磷脂中相相图的进一步研究和从磷脂的混合体系中分离出纯的胆碱奠定了基础。     

单斜晶系多晶X射线衍射图的指标化

以对二硝基苯为实例，介绍一种与伊滕法和柯亨法不同的单斜晶系粉晶X射线衍射圈的指标化方法．此法无需通过倒易晶格进行指标化、再通过还原晶胞得到正晶胞的指标化和晶格常数，也不需要衍射峰的不缺少，只需将分组，取d测与d计重叠数量最多的一组中误差最小的d测进行计算处理；可较简便地得到结果．     

原位变温X射线衍射测试技术及其影响因素

在X射线衍射仪中引入加热台,可以实现原位变温X射线衍射分析.原位试验是研究材料在加热或冷却过程中材料动力学的有效手段.对变温X射线衍射测试样品的要求、测量方法的原理、布鲁克D8 advance衍射仪原位变温的测试步骤以及测试过程中样品的收缩问题、背底衍射峰干扰等常见影响因素进行了详细的说明,为变温X射线衍射测试提供了具体的试验指导.     

用超临界流体干燥法制备纳米级二氧化锆

本文采用超临界流体干燥技术（Supercriticalfliuddryingtechnique），用超临界乙醇作干燥（脱水）剂制备了纳米粒子ZrO_2，并用X－射线衍射和透射电镜对其进行了表征．结果表明，用超临界流体干燥法能获得颗粒细、大小均匀和抗团聚性能好的纳米粒子。     

乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物的结构表征

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(溴化钾压片法与衰减全反射法)、X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱法对粉末状和薄板状两种形态的乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)进行了结构表征。傅里叶变换红外光谱法分析结果表明:ETFE粉末有明显的-CH2和-CF2吸收峰;X射线衍射法分析结果表明:ETFE薄板的分辨率优于ETFE粉末;X射线光电子能谱法分析结果表明:ETFE粉末与ETFE薄板的-CH2和-CF2基团含量基本一致。X射线光电子能谱分析结果显示:ETFE薄板存在有机硅类脱膜剂的污染,同时ETFE粉末存在更多吸附氧。     

Kinetics of combustion of oil shale with polystyrene

The combustion kinetics of Göynük oil shale, polystyrene and several polystyrene-oil shale blends were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis in the present study. Experiments were conducted at non-isothermal conditions with a heating rate of 5, 10 and 20 K min^?1 in the 298–1173 K temperature interval under an air atmosphere. Differential thermogravimetric data were analyzed by two different models. Effects of blending ratio of oil shale and polystyrene and heating rate on the combustion kinetics were investigated. Kinetic parameters were determined and the results were discussed.     

Improving Accessibility and Reactivity of Celluloses of Annual Plants for the Synthesis of Methylcellulose

Pretreatments (water-soaking, pre-mercerization, mercerization under a pressure of 15 bars and steam explosion) were used to improve the accessibilities and reactivities of celluloses of bleached flax, hemp, sisal, abaca and jute pulps for the synthesis of methylcellulose. Degrees of crystallinity were determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectra. The iodine adsorption accessibilities of pulps were low and accessible fractions ranged from 1.3 to 5.2%. Accessible fractions in amorphous cellulose were calculated in the 5–18% range. The accessibilities of these pulps were hemp pulp > flax pulp > sisal pulp > jute pulp > abaca pulp. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that mean hydrogen bond strengths were weakened and relative crystallinity indexes were decreased by pretreatments. The accessibility and reactivity of the abaca pulp were improved by water soaking, mercerization under 15 bars pressure, steam explosion and preliminary mercerization, of which steam explosion and pre-mercerization were the best treatments. Species was the main factor for the accessibility and reactivity.     

系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖的制备与鉴定

用酸降解法制备了系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖(聚合度2～8),并分析测定了寡糖的结构. 褐藻胶经部分酸水解,于pH=2.85处分级获得聚甘露糖醛酸. 继续用酸降解法降解聚甘露糖醛酸,经凝胶柱层析分离纯化,获得系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖. 用荧光标记糖电泳(FACE)对寡糖进行了分析,并用电喷雾离子化质谱(ESI-MS)、 核磁共振波谱(NMR)及红外光谱(FTIR)进行了结构表征. 本研究用酸降解法制备饱和甘露糖醛酸寡糖,用凝胶柱层析法分离获得系列聚合度的寡糖,为褐藻胶大分子构效关系研究和药物的筛选与发现提供了重要的基础资料.     

CO2加氢合成二甲醚的催化剂的制备

先采用均匀沉淀法制备出CuO—ZnO催化剂,然后以CuO—ZnO催化剂作为晶核采用水热合成法制备出CuO—ZnO／HZSM-5（氢型ZSM-5分子筛）复合催化剂．利用X射线衍射和氨程序升温脱附手段对复合催化剂进行表征,并应用于CO2催化加氢合成二甲醚的反应．研究结果表明,在相同的反应条件下,这种CuO—ZnO／HZSM-5复合催化剂与采用物理混合法制备出的复合催化剂相比具有更好的催化效果,不但提高了CO2的转化率、二甲醚的选择性以及二甲醚和甲醇的总选择性,同时还改善了催化剂的稳定性．     

二级粘度液标准物质的研制

以基础油为原料研制了二级粘度液标准物质,对其均匀性和稳定性进行了考察,用方差分析法进行了评价,用标准毛细管粘度计对其进行了定值。实验结果表明,该粘度液标准物质的均匀性良好,稳定性在1年以上,量值准确可靠,达到二级标准物质的技术指标要求。     

Feasibility of ETV-ICP-OES for Characterization of Archaeological Glasses

In the present study the possibilities of electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ETV-ICP-OES) for characterization of archaeological glasses were investigated. The objects of our research were fragments of a colorless late antique Roman flat window glass (fifth century A.D.) and colored medieval glass bracelets (eleventh–twelfth century A.D.) excavated in the region of Pernik (West Bulgaria).

The finely ground glass samples were analyzed directly and CHF₃ was used as evaporation and transport modifier. Dried aqueous standard solutions and certified reference materials with different matrix (glass, fly ash, and stream sediment) were used as calibration standards. No matrix effects were observed by the optimized conditions. Measurements were performed using common calibration curves obtained with all appropriate calibration standards and major, minor, and trace element concentrations were determined. ETV-ICP-OES analytical data were used to establish the type of glass, the fluxing agents, the typical coloring and decoloring elements, and the recipe norm.     

跟踪高分子学科发展前沿，建设高分子物理国家精品课程

为建设高分子物理精品课程,近年来我们关注和跟踪高分子科学发展前沿,开设了"高分子材料流变学"、"高分子凝聚态物理"等新课,编著出版新教材。这些课程和教材的一个显著特点是不失时机地将学科发展的新动态、新成果引入研究生、本科生教学,提升高分子物理课教学质量。在编著新教材中,除介绍大量新知识、新思想外,还探索性地构建起新课程的理论体系和框架。     

碳苷研究 V: 用Grignard试剂合成取代苯酚中酚羟基的保护及脱保护

本文报道了一些取代苯酚的合成, 并探讨了用Grignard试剂合成取代苯酚中酚羟基的保护及脱保护的问题. 利用苄基和甲基作为酚羟基的保护基, 对文献报道的切断醚键脱保护方法进行了评价. 找到了两种新体系能在更温和条件下切断醚键的方法, 指出了它们的适用条件. 实验结果符合硬软酸碱理论.     

Methods of calculations of the energy of chemical bonds

Mean bond energies, bond dissociation energies, and other characteristics were considered for certain classes of organic (and other) compounds. The state of numerical data was discussed, and these data were ordered in series of related molecules. A methodology for calculating bond energies was developed. Numerical calculations were performed. Certain rules were considered.     

Parameter study of electrospinning of polyamide-6

Importance of different solution and process parameters were evaluated in multi-nozzle electrospinning of polyamide-6. We were interested in how those parameters affect firstly on fibre diameters and fibre diameter distribution and secondly on production rate and disturbances of the process. The trial series was planned using orthogonal experimental design. Altogether eight parameters having three or two levels each were chosen for this study. The chosen solution parameters were polymer grade, viscosity of solution, salt content and solvent grade and process parameters, voltage, distance, nozzle size and feeding pressure of solution. This study was performed using continuous electrospinning equipment consisting of multiple nozzles and horizontal electric field. Literature findings about the influences of certain variables are often contradictory. These contradictions and their possible causes were discussed.