Complexometric determination of magnesium oxide in flyash blended cement

A complexometric titration method is proposed to determine magnesium oxide in flyash blended cement. A 0.50 g of sample was heated with hydrochloric acid for 10 min. The solution was diluted to 500 ml, and 50 ml was pipetted and heated to boiling with 2.5 ml of 5% ammonium oxalate solution. The solution was then made alkaline by ammonium hydroxide. The suspension was cooled and filtered. The filtrate was titrated by standard 0.002M EDTA solution. The concentration of MgO in sample was calculated. The flyash content of the sample was determined by British Standard method and the recovery factor (f) was calculated by the equation of f = 100/(99 - 0.315 x %FA). Concentration of MgO in sample was corrected by multiplying the recovery factor with concentration initially found by EDTA titration. The precision of the method is better with more time saving than the official methods.     

Enzymatic assay technique for the determination of aspartame

An enzymatic assay technique was developed for the determination of the artificial sweetener aspartame. The peptide bond of aspartame was first cleaved by peptidase to release aspartic acid. In the presence of α-ketoglutarate, aspartic acid was then transaminated by aspartate aminotransferase to glutamate. The reaction was monitored by following the oxygen consumption during the enzymatic oxidation of glutamate by glutamate oxidase. A linear relationship between oxygen consumption and aspartame concentration up to 200 μM was obtained. The assay technique was applicable to the determination of aspartame in a variety of dietary food products. The results obtained agreed well with those determined by liquid chromatography and those reported by the product manufacturers.     

苯甲醇和苯甲酸制备实验的改进与创新设计

以苯甲醛为原料,通过Cannizarro反应制备苯甲醇和苯甲酸是有机化学实验教学中的经典内容。鉴于现有实验方案已难满足日益提升的教学要求,对其进行了改进与创新设计:采用微波辐射法合成,引入正交设计优化条件;采用紫外分光光度法定量测定粗产品中苯甲醇的含量;采用柱层析法分离得到苯甲醇。改进结果表明:KOH溶液浓度50%(质量百分比),微波功率500 W时,反应15 min完成。光度法定量显示苯甲醇产率可达82.0%。萃取分离后的粗产品用50:1和15:1石油醚/乙酸乙酯(体积比)梯度洗脱,柱层析分离后可得苯甲醇纯品,水相酸化重结晶后得到苯甲酸。产物的相关测试与表征结果与文献吻合良好。与传统方案相比,新方案时间锐减99%,产率提高约15%,萃取剂更安全,产率测定快速准确,产物纯化方法优化。将之用于教学,可通过各要点功能的分别承载,综合实现研究性思维与方法的培养目标。     

硫酸分离–火试金重量法测定碲化铜中的金和银

建立了用硫酸分离-火试金重量法测定碲化铜中的金和银含量的方法。用硫酸溶解碲化铜样品,过滤,除去铜和碲,得到含金、银的沉淀物,沉淀物经灰化、配料、高温熔融制得铅扣。将铅扣灰吹,得到金银合粒,用硝酸溶解分离金,用重量法测定金含量。用金银合粒的质量扣除金粒的质量和分金液、洗液中杂质的质量即为银含量。采用灰皿、残渣熔融法补正,或用含碲、铜物料做基体加入纯金、纯银同试样方法测定,根据金、银的回收率加以补正,从而得到试样中的碲含量。实验结果表明,浓硫酸的加入量为30 mL,残余量应不少于15 mL。火试金中硅酸度为1左右,试样进炉温度以900℃为宜。该方法金、银测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.33%~1.97%,0.28%~1.27%(n=9)。金的回收率为98.5%~100.2%,银的回收率为95.5%~101.4%。该法满足生产控制检测和贸易结算的要求。     

动态超声辅助萃取与HPLC联用测定淫羊藿中黄酮类化合物

建立了动态超声辅助萃取与高效液相色谱在线联用系统,用于测量淫羊藿中黄酮类化合物。萃取过程在一个循环体系中完成,萃取完成后,通过采样环采集20μL萃取液,萃取液被流动相载入色谱系统进行分离检测。4种黄酮类化合物用HPLC–MS区分,通过比较色谱峰面积选择优化萃取条件。选择50℃的水浴温度,50%的乙醇作为萃取剂,萃取剂流速为1.5 mL/min,萃取时间为8 min,样品量为15 mg。用该法测量淫羊藿样品中4种黄酮类化合物,日内、日间精密度分别为1.05%～2.05%,0.30%～3.63%(n=6)。淫羊藿中的主要化合物淫羊藿苷的加标回收率为95.2%。该方法可用于测量淫羊藿中的黄酮类化合物。     

容量法测定氧化钒中的各种价态钒

用NaOH溶液处理样品，分离V（V）然后以Fe(Ⅱ）滴定测定之。定量加入过量的V（V）到上述残渣中并用H2SO4溶解，用Fe(Ⅱ）滴定，计算出V（Ⅱ），V（Ⅲ）的含量。V（Ⅳ）的测定是通过从总钒量中扣除V（Ⅱ）、V（Ⅲ）、V（Ⅴ）的含量得到。V（Ⅱ）、V（Ⅲ）和V（Ⅴ）的回收率均大于96％，其8次测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为：9．8％、0．4％、1．2％；本法快速、简便，在实际应用中效果良好。     

Cu2＋和铜锌超氧化物歧化酶作用的光谱学研究

利用邻苯三酚自氧化法监测在磷酸盐缓冲体系中Cu^2＋对猪肝铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZnSOD)活力的影响, 认为Cu^2＋与猪肝CuZnSOD存在直接相互作用. 通过荧光光谱方法研究了这种相互作用, 内源荧光的猝灭实验表明Cu^2＋与CuZnSOD形成1∶1型稳定配合物; 荧光猝灭的动力学分析表明配合物形成过程由两个独立步骤完成: 第一步是双分子快速缔合过程, 形成了结合疏松的配合物, 第二步是单分子慢速过程, 即松散的配合物“异构化”成为结合紧密的配合物. FTIR和CD证实相互作用过程伴随了蛋白分子构象的变化.     

Intermolecular communication on a liposomal membrane: enzymatic amplification of a photonic signal with a gemini peptide lipid as a membrane-bound artificial receptor

A supramolecular system that can activate an enzyme through photo-isomerization was constructed by using a liposomal membrane scaffold. The design of the system was inspired by natural signal transduction systems, in which enzymes amplify external signals to control signal transduction pathways. The liposomal membrane, which provided a scaffold for the system, was prepared by self-assembly of a photoresponsive receptor and a cationic synthetic lipid. NADH-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase, the signal amplifier, was immobilized on the liposomal surface by electrostatic interactions. Recognition of photonic signals by the membrane-bound receptor induced photo-isomerization, which significantly altered the receptor's metal-binding affinity. The response to the photonic signal was transmitted to the enzyme by Cu(2+) ions. The enzyme amplified the chemical information through a catalytic reaction to generate the intended output signal.     

气相色谱法测定丙烯中的微量氧

用气相色谱法分析丙烯中的微量氧。先将液态丙烯汽化成气态,用气体进样阀将气态丙烯样品进样到气相色谱仪中,由5A分子筛填充柱进行分离,用TCD检测器检测,外标法定量。标准气体测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于1.076%(n=5),丙烯样品中氧含量的检出限为1.0mL/m3。用该方法对实际丙烯样品进行了分析。     

聚环氧乙烷凝聚重量法结合ICP–AES法测定玻璃中的二氧化硅

建立聚环氧乙烷凝聚重量法结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP–AES)法测定玻璃中二氧化硅的分析方法。玻璃试样经1 000℃高温下无水碳酸钠熔融,以盐酸浸出后蒸成湿盐状,再用聚环氧乙烷凝聚,过滤并将沉淀灼烧,然后用氢氟酸处理,其前后的质量差即为沉淀的二氧化硅量,滤液中的二氧化硅用ICP–AES法测定,两者相加得试样中二氧化硅的总含量。在选定的条件下,用ICP–AES法测定二氧化硅的线性范围为0.20~50μg/m L,线性相关系数为0.999 5,检出限为0.20μg/m L。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.45%(n=6),方法的回收率在98.6%~101.9%之间。该方法具有较高的准确度和良好的精密度,测定速度快,可用于玻璃中二氧化硅含量的测定。     

Crystallization,spectral, and thermal characterization of <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-histidine methyl ester dihydrochloride (LHMED)

A novel nonlinear optical semi-organic single crystal of l-histidine methyl ester dihydrochloride was grown by slow evaporation solution growth method at an ambient temperature. The grown crystal was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Functional groups and the modes of vibrations were identified by FT–IR spectroscopy. The chemical composition of the crystal was confirmed by Energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The optical behavior of the crystal was examined by UV spectral analysis, which shows the absence of absorption between the wavelengths ranging from 230 to 1000 nm. The optical band gap of the grown crystal was estimated and is found to be 5.35 eV. The thermal behavior of the crystal was investigated by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. The nonlinear optical property of the grown crystal was confirmed by the powder technique of Kurtz and Perry.     

过硫酸钾氧化吸光光度法测定植物总氮

提出植物样经Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋Ｈ２Ｏ２凯氏消煮,试液中和后用过硫酸钾碱性溶液氧化,在酸性条件下用紫外吸光光度法测定包括铵态氮、硝态氮及亚硝态氮的总氮含量。对植物标准物质ＧＢＷ０７６０３作平行试验,分析结果与标准值的相对误差为４．７％;方法的相对标准偏差为３．３％。用该法作了批量分析,操作简便,数据可靠。     

Comparative study of the determination of peroxomonosulfate, in the presence of other oxidants, by capillary zone electrophoresis, ion chromatography, and photometry

Several methods for quantitative determination of peroxomonosulfate in detergents, in the presence of other oxidants, have been investigated. The photometric technique applied was based on the well-known starch-iodine reaction. The oxidizing agent was quantified by determining the amount of iodine produced. The influence of other oxidants present was examined. Ion analysis was performed by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and ion chromatography (IC). Because peroxomonosulfate in detergents is always accompanied by sulfate, the main goal was to separate the sulfur species without causing the decomposition of the unstable peroxomonosulfate ion. The sulfur species could be separated within less than 4 min by CZE with a pyromellitic acid electrolyte at pH 3.5 to 5.0. Sulfate and peroxomonosulfate were separated by IC within 11 min by use of a phthalic acid mobile phase at pH 3.0. The peroxomonosulfate content was determined by calibration. The calibration plot was linear from 5 to 50 microg mL(-1) SO5(2-) for IC and from 7.3 to 182.3 microg mL(-1) SO5(2-) (corresponding to 20 to 500 microg mL(-1) triple salt) for CZE.     

固定化脂肪酶活性的X射线微区分析

利用X射线微区分析的方法，对吸附交联法得到的固定化脂肪酶的微观活性进行了分析。结果表明：以合成出的大孔吸附树脂为固定化酶栽体，酶活较高，活性脂肪酶分布较均匀。并得到了固定化脂肪酶的活性定位的最佳条件。     

EDTA滴定法测定分银渣中的铅含量

采用氟化铵-盐酸-硝酸-高氯酸溶解样品,加入氢溴酸除去样品中的砷、锑、锡等共存元素,加入硫酸将样品中的铅转化为硫酸铅沉淀,通过过滤与其它元素分离,滴定前加入巯基乙酸掩蔽铋,在乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲体系下,以二甲酚橙为指示剂,建立了采用EDTA络合滴定法测定分银渣中铅含量的方法。实验方法用于测定分银渣中的铅含量,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.32%～0.90%,加标回收率为100%～102%。能够满足日常测定需求。     

Microchip electrophoresis of oligosaccharides using lectin-immobilized preconcentrator gels fabricated by in situ photopolymerization

A lectin-impregnated gel was fabricated at the channel crossing point in a microfluidic chip made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The acrylamide containing lectin was photopolymerized to form a round gel (radius 60 μm) by irradiation with an argon laser, which was also used for fluorometric detection. This gel was applied to specific concentration, elution, and electrophoretic separation of fluorescent-labeled oligosaccharides. Because the lectin in the polyacrylamide gel was mechanically immobilized, it maintained its activity. The lectin was used to trap up to a few tens of femtomoles of specific oligosaccharides labeled with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid with 2 min by a factor >800, and the amount trapped corresponded to ca. 70% of lectin in the gel. The trapped oligosaccharides were released from the gel by lowering the pH with an acidic background electrolyte. The oligosaccharides that eluted as a broad band were concentrated by transient isotachophoresis stacking using concentrated sodium borate buffer (pH 11.0). The stacked sample components were then separated and fluorometrically detected at the end of the separation channel. Under the optimized conditions, resolution of the saccharides was good, and was similar to that obtained by pinched injection. The method was applied to preconcentration and analysis of oligosaccharides derived from some glycoproteins.     

基于超声振动的微液滴生成装置设计与实验研究

设计了一种基于V型直线超声电机驱动的微液滴生成装置用于制备具有微米级尺寸的微液滴.此装置由基于V型直线超声电机驱动的微液滴生成部件、基于V型直线超声电机的三维位移控制平台和基于压电振子的微液滴分离部件组成.其中,生成部件包含超声电机、医用注射器、硅胶软管和自制的玻璃基微喷嘴.利用控制器驱动直线超声电机高精度地移动,由滑台推动注射器,在玻璃基喷嘴尖端产生附着的微小液滴;再利用压电振子激发杆状喷嘴的固有振型,使得附着的液滴克服粘性力从微喷嘴尖端分离,落在一定的范围内, 并计算生成的球形微液滴的半径.以蒸馏水作为初始液体,探究此装置生成的微液滴的特性.研究结果表明,蒸馏水在直线电机的精密驱动下,在微喷嘴尖端形成附着的球冠状液滴.通过分离部件的振动,附着的液滴克服自身的粘性力从喷嘴尖端分离, 形成球形液滴,通过测量得出此装置生成的球形液滴的半径小于40 μm.     

Membrane formation by water vapor induced phase inversion

The membrane formation by the phase inversion process was studied by coagulating a polysulfone/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution with water vapor as a coagulant. The phase separation occurred when the relative humidity in the membrane casting atmosphere was higher than about 65%. The pore size was strongly affected by the relative humidity as well as the concentration of the polymer solution. It increased as both the relative humidity and the polymer concentration were decreased. The membranes produced showed a uniform structure composed of closed pores. The pure water flux measurement confirmed the closeness of the pores. The information on the late stage phase separation was obtained in situ by an optical microscope due to the slow phase separation. The pores seemed to grow very much at the late stage by coarsening which was observed to occur mainly by coalescence of polymer-lean droplets. As the relative humidity was lower, the coarsening continues longer ending up to a larger droplet size. The coarsening seems to enhance the interconnectivity of pores when the polymer concentration was low enough.     

Selective flow-injection determination of methanol in the presence of ethanol based on a multi-enzyme system with chemiluminescence detection

A highly selective flow-injection system was developed for the determination of methanol. The system consisted of three immobilized enzymes with luminol chemiluminescence detection. First, methanol was oxidized in the presence of alcohol oxidase to yield formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide produced was then destroyed by catalase. The formaldehyde formed in the first stage was further oxidized by NAD⁺-formaldehyde dehydrogenase. The NADH formed was oxidized by 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methylsulphate (1-MPMS), and finally the reduced 1-MPMS was spontaneously oxidized and hydrogen peroxide was produced. The concentration of the hydrogen peroxide produced, which was proportional to the initial concentration of methanol, was determined by luminol chemiluminescence. The determination range was from 0.1 to 100 mg l⁻¹ and the response time was less than 2 min per sample with a relative standard deviation of less than 3%. The system showed good selectivity for methanol; the response was ca. 50 times higher than for ethanol.     

PHOTOACTIVATION OF NITRATE REDUCTASE FROM NEUROSPORA CRASSA

Abstract— The photoactivation of nitrate reductase from Neurospora crassa was studied in partially purified extracts. The inactive enzyme [inactivated by reduction in the presence of potassium cyanide] could be reactivated by chemical oxidation with ferricyanide or by irradiation with blue light. The enzyme contains a short electron transfer chain consisting of flavin adenine dinucleotide, cytochrome b ₅₅₇ and molybdenum which normally transfers electrons from reduced pyridine nucleotide to nitrate. This overall activity, which was negligible in the inactive enzyme, was restored to approximately 70% of the ferricyanide control by irradiation. However, nitrate reduction using reduced methylviologen as reducing power, which was also negligible in the inactive enzyme, was photoactivated to 100%. The diaphorase activity of the enzyme mediated by the flavin adenine dinucleotide, which was fully active in the inactivated enzyme, was inhibited approximately 30% by the irradiation treatment. The action spectrum for photoactivation showed that a flavin was the photoreceptor chromophore. Photoactivation occurs only in the presence of oxygen.