轴向变速运动黏弹性梁稳定性渐近分析和数值验证

研究了轴向变速运动黏弹性梁参数振动的稳定性.对黏弹性本构关系采用物质时间导数,轴向速度用关于恒定平均速度的简单谐波变化来描述.发展浙近摄动法确定稳定性条件.应用微分求积法数值求解简支边界条件下的轴向变速运动黏弹性梁方程,并进而确定次谐波参数共振的稳定性边界.数值结果显示了梁的黏性阻尼和轴向平均速度的影响并验证了次谐波共振的解析结果.     

近场波动模拟的一种应力人工边界

采用平面波和远场散射波混合透射，引入无限介质线弹性本构关系建立了一种应力人工 边界条件. 其优点在于边界结点反应与内部有限元结点反应采用相同的积分格式计算，有限 元积分方法稳定时不存在人工边界失稳问题. 数值算例表明：边界精度高于现有黏性边 界、黏弹性人工边界，以及一、二阶透射人工边界.     

不可压缩平面问题的位移-压力混合重心插值配点法

引入人工压力变量,将弹性本构方程以应力、应变和压力表达,建立求解不可压缩平面弹性问题的位移-压力方程和不可压缩条件方程的耦合偏微分方程组。利用张量积型重心Lagrange插值近似二元函数,得到计算插值节点处偏导数的偏微分矩阵。采用配点法离散不可压缩弹性控制方程,利用偏微分矩阵直接离散弹性力学控制方程为矩阵形式方程组。利用插值公式离散位移和应力边界条件,将离散边界条件与离散控制方程组合为新的方程组,得到求解弹性问题的过约束线性代数方程组;利用最小二乘法求解线性方程组,得到弹性力学问题位移数值解。数值算例验证了所提方法的数值计算精度为10-14~10-10。     

波动问题中流体介质的动力人工边界

无限域流体介质的波动辐射效应是影响海域工程动力反应的重要因素,人工边界是实现此类开放系统近场波动问题数值分析的有效方法.基于位移格式的流体波动理论推导开放域流体介质的人工边界,分别给出一维、二维和三维空间中平面波、柱面波和球面波的流体介质动力人工边界条件,其中一维平面波动人工边界为经典的黏性边界,二维柱面波、三维球面波的人工边界处节点应力与节点速度和加速度成正比,可等效为由阻尼与质量系统构成的人工边界条件.讨论相应的数值模拟技术,给出流体介质动力人工边界在ANSYS软件平台的具体实现方法.近场流体介质动力反应问题的算例表明,所发展的流体动力人工边界对于轴对称波动与非轴对称波动在近场有限域截断处的透射吸收作用的模拟计算精度均较为良好,说明此流体介质人工边界具有较高的可靠性与实用性.所发展的流体介质动力人工边界可较为方便地与大型商用有限元软件结合,可为包括海域地形和海岛在内的海域工程的动力分析提供一定的方法借鉴.     

DYNAMICAL ARTIFICIAL BOUNDARY FOR FLUID MEDIUM IN WAVE MOTION PROBLEMS

无限域流体介质的波动辐射效应是影响海域工程动力反应的重要因素,人工边界是实现此类开放系统近场波动问题数值分析的有效方法.基于位移格式的流体波动理论推导开放域流体介质的人工边界,分别给出一维、二维和三维空间中平面波、柱面波和球面波的流体介质动力人工边界条件,其中一维平面波动人工边界为经典的黏性边界,二维柱面波、三维球面波的人工边界处节点应力与节点速度和加速度成正比,可等效为由阻尼与质量系统构成的人工边界条件.讨论相应的数值模拟技术,给出流体介质动力人工边界在ANSYS软件平台的具体实现方法.近场流体介质动力反应问题的算例表明,所发展的流体动力人工边界对于轴对称波动与非轴对称波动在近场有限域截断处的透射吸收作用的模拟计算精度均较为良好,说明此流体介质人工边界具有较高的可靠性与实用性.所发展的流体介质动力人工边界可较为方便地与大型商用有限元软件结合,可为包括海域地形和海岛在内的海域工程的动力分析提供一定的方法借鉴.     

流体饱和多孔介质黏弹性动力人工边界

基于Biot流体饱和多孔介质本构方程，分别考察具有辐射阻尼性质的外行柱面波和球 面波在圆柱面和球面人工边界上引起的法向、切向应力的表达式. 在应力表达形式上，固相 介质和孔隙流体的法向和切向应力都是由两项组成，它们分别与质点的位移和速度成正比， 因此，可在人工边界的法向和切向设置连续分布的并联弹簧------黏滞阻尼器，用来模拟人工边 界以外的无限域介质对来自有限计算域的外行波动的能量吸收作用，从而形成了流体饱和多 孔介质的黏弹性动力人工边界. 流体饱和多孔介质的黏弹性动力人工边界可方便地与大型通 用软件结合，用于分析饱和土中复杂的结构-地基动力相互作用问题. 算例表明流体饱和多 孔介质黏弹性动力人工边界具有较好的精度和稳定性.     

基于非局部理论的分数阶黏弹性场地地震放大效应分析

基于非局部理论和分数阶导数理论,研究上覆黏弹性场地土的地震放大效应。利用Eringen非局部理论考虑土体颗粒尺度等非局部效应的影响,通过分数阶黏弹性本构模型刻画场地土的应力应变本构关系,建立基于非局部理论的分数阶黏弹性场地土的振动微分方程;考虑分数阶导数的性质和黏弹性场地土的边界条件,得到了简谐地震波作用下黏弹性场地土的位移和剪切应力的解析解,并在频率域内给出了位移放大系数和应力放大系数的表达式;最后通过数值算例分析了非局部效应、分数阶导数的阶数和土体黏性参数等对黏弹性场地地震放大效应的影响。数值分析结果表明,在低频时位移放大系数和应力放大系数随频率变化曲线存在波动,高频时逐渐趋于稳定;非局部效应对场地土位移放大系数的影响与频率有关,对应力放大系数的影响较大,在研究场地土振动效应时有必要考虑土体非局部效应的影响;分数阶导数的阶数越小,位移放大系数和应力放大系数随频率变化曲线波动越大;场地土的力学性质对场地土的振动效应的影响较大;上覆场地土的黏性对位移放大系数的影响与频率有关,高频时,土体黏性越大,位移放大系数越大;越接近基岩,土体的应力放大系数越大,且土体深度对应力放大系数的影响越大。     

黏弹性多层介质中SH波动的一种吸收边界条件

提出一种高精度时域吸收边界条件,与有限元法结合用于模拟瞬态标量SH波在达朗贝尔黏弹性多层介质中传播问题.建立时域吸收边界条件的过程是:首先将半无限域沿着竖向半离散得到半离散的位移方程以及人工边界处的力-位移关系,再通过引入模态分解, 将物理空间下的量转化到模态空间,从而获得半无限域模态空间下的频域动力刚度;其次采用一种在全频范围内收敛的连分式精确逼近单层介质模态空间下标量形式的频域动力刚度,将标量连分式扩展为矩阵形式用来表示多层介质的频域动力刚度;最后通过引入辅助变量技术,将模态空间下基于连分式的频域动力刚度关系转化为时域吸收边界条件,进一步转换到物理空间后得到物理空间下的时域吸收边界条件.单层介质和五层介质的数值算例表明,建立的高精度时域吸收边界条件对于达朗贝尔黏弹性单层介质是精确且稳定的;对于达朗贝尔黏弹性多层介质, 为了保证其高精度特性,需要将人工边界放置在距离感兴趣区域约为0.5倍无限域高度的位置处.      

黏弹性多层介质中SH波动的一种吸收边界条件

提出一种高精度时域吸收边界条件,与有限元法结合用于模拟瞬态标量SH波在达朗贝尔黏弹性多层介质中传播问题.建立时域吸收边界条件的过程是:首先将半无限域沿着竖向半离散得到半离散的位移方程以及人工边界处的力-位移关系,再通过引入模态分解,将物理空间下的量转化到模态空间,从而获得半无限域模态空间下的频域动力刚度;其次采用一种在全频范围内收敛的连分式精确逼近单层介质模态空间下标量形式的频域动力刚度,将标量连分式扩展为矩阵形式用来表示多层介质的频域动力刚度;最后通过引入辅助变量技术,将模态空间下基于连分式的频域动力刚度关系转化为时域吸收边界条件,进一步转换到物理空间后得到物理空间下的时域吸收边界条件.单层介质和五层介质的数值算例表明,建立的高精度时域吸收边界条件对于达朗贝尔黏弹性单层介质是精确且稳定的;对于达朗贝尔黏弹性多层介质,为了保证其高精度特性,需要将人工边界放置在距离感兴趣区域约为0.5倍无限域高度的位置处.     

IMPROVEMENT OF EXPLICIT ALGORITHMS STABILITY WITH VISCO-ELASTIC ARTIFICIAL BOUNDARY ELEMENTS 1)

黏弹性人工边界单元是目前常用的处理半无限空间波动问题的数值模拟方法,可有效吸收计算区域内产生的外行波动.黏弹性人工边界单元具有与内部介质不同的质量密度、刚度和阻尼,受其影响,对整体模型进行显式时域逐步积分时,在边界区域易发生失稳现象,影响整体系统显式积分的计算效率. 针对该问题目前尚无行之有效的解决方法.本文针对二维黏弹性人工边界单元,建立可代表整体系统典型特征的侧边子系统和角点子系统,利用传递矩阵谱半径分析方法,基于传统中心差分格式,推导得到局部子系统稳定性条件的解析解.在此基础上通过研究解析解中各物理参数对稳定性条件的影响,给出通过增加人工边界单元的质量密度,以改善采用黏弹性人工边界单元时显式算法稳定性的方法.均匀和成层半空间波动问题算例分析表明,将内部单元质量密度设置为人工边界单元质量密度的上限,可以在保证黏弹性人工边界计算精度的前提下,有效改善整体系统显式时域逐步积分的数值稳定性,大幅提高计算效率.     

基于比例边界有限元法的高阶透射边界应用

基于比例边界有限元法和连分式展开推导了无限域弹性动力分析的求解方程,实现了一种局部的高阶透射边界. 采用改进的连分式法求解无限域的动力刚度矩阵,克服了原连分式算法可能会造成矩阵运算病态的问题. 该局部高阶透射边界在时域里表示为一阶常微分方程组,其稳定性取决于其系数矩阵的广义特征值问题. 如果出现虚假模态,采用移谱法来校正系数矩阵以消除虚假模态. 通过两个算例验证了该高阶透射边界的精确性、鲁棒性.     

Non-homogeneous radiation and outflow boundary conditions simulating incoming acoustic and vorticity waves for exterior computational aeroacoustics problems

A set of non-homogeneous radiation and outflow boundary conditions which automatically generate prescribed incoming acoustic or vorticity waves and, at the same time, are almost transparent to outgoing sound waves produced internally in a finite computation domain is proposed. This type of boundary condition is needed for the numerical solution of many exterior aeroacoustics problems. In computational aeroacoustics, the computation scheme must be as non-dispersive and non-dissipative as possible. It must also support waves with wave speeds which are nearly the same as those of the original linearized Euler equations. To meet these requirements, a high-order/large-stencil scheme is often necessary. The proposed non-homogeneous radiation and outflow boundary conditions are designed primarily for use in conjunction with such high-order/large-stencil finite difference schemes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study of stabilization methods for computational aeroacoustics

The use of high-order centered finite difference to solve the Euler equations commonly requires a stabilization procedure. The present work is a theoretical analysis of these stabilization methods that make the whole algorithm (i) still consistent with the continuous problem and (ii) able to run long time simulations. In the present study, a theoretical analysis of the three commonly used methods resorting to the application of high-order filters is performed. An extension to non-periodic boundary conditions is studied to avoid numerical reflection and numerical instabilities due to the use of specific boundary schemes. To cite this article: R. Guénanff, M. Terracol, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).     

High-order curvilinear mesh generation technique based on an improved radius basic function approach

A high-order curvilinear hybrid mesh generation technique is developed for high-order numerical method (eg, discontinuous Galerkin method) applications to improve the accuracy for problems with curve boundary. The grid generation technique is based on an improved radius basic function (RBF) approach by which the straight-edge mesh is converted into high-order curve mesh. Firstly, an initial straight-edge mesh is prepared by traditional grid generation software. Then, high-order interpolation points are inserted into the mesh entities such as edges, faces, and cells according to the final demand of mesh order. To preserve the original geometry, the inserted points on solid wall are then projected onto the CAD model using an open source tool “Open Cascade.” Finally, other inserted points in the field near the solid wall are moved to appropriate positions by the improved RBF approach to avoid tangled cells. If we use the original RBF approach, then the inserted points on the edge and face entities normal to the solid boundary in the region of boundary layer will move to improper positions. To overcome this problem, a weighting based on the local grid aspect ratio between normal direction and tangential direction is introduced into the baseline RBF approach. Three typical configurations are tested to validate the mesh generator. Meanwhile, a third-order solution of subsonic flow over an analytical 3D body of revolution in the second International Workshop on High-Order CFD Methods is supplied by a discontinuous Galerkin solver. These numerical tests demonstrate the potential capability of present technique for high-order simulations of complex geometries.     

High-order ghost-point immersed boundary method for viscous compressible flows based on summation-by-parts operators

A high-order immersed boundary method is devised for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations by employing high-order summation-by-parts difference operators. The immersed boundaries are treated as sharp interfaces by enforcing the solid wall boundary conditions via flow variables at ghost points. Two different interpolation schemes are tested to compute values at the ghost points and a hybrid treatment is used. The first method provides the bilinearly interpolated flow variables at the image points of the corresponding ghost points and the second method applies the boundary condition at the immersed boundary by using the weighted least squares method with high-order polynomials. The approach is verified and validated for compressible flow past a circular cylinder at moderate Reynolds numbers. The tonal sound generated by vortex shedding from a circular cylinder is also investigated. In order to demonstrate the capability of the solver to handle complex geometries in practical cases, flow in a cross-section of a human upper airway is simulated.     

High-order ALE method for the Navier–Stokes equations on a moving hybrid unstructured mesh using flux reconstruction method

The flux reconstruction (FR) formulation can unify several popular discontinuous basis high-order methods for fluid dynamics, including the discontinuous Galerkin method, in a simple, efficient form. An arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) extension to the high-order FR scheme is developed here for moving mesh fluid flow problems. The ALE Navier–Stokes equations are derived by introducing a grid velocity. The conservation law are spatially discretised on hybrid unstructured meshes using Huynh’s scheme (Huynh 2007) on anisotropic elements (quadrilaterals) and using Correction Procedure via Reconstruction scheme on isotropic elements (triangles). The temporal discretisation uses both explicit and implicit treatments. The mesh movement is described by node positions given as a time series, instead of an analytical formula. The geometric conservation law is tested using free stream preservation problem. An isentropic vortex propagation test case is performed to show the high-order accuracy of the developed method on both moving and fixed hybrid meshes. Flow around an oscillating cylinder shows the capability of the method to solve moving boundary viscous flow problems, with the numeric method further verified by comparison of the result on a smoothly deforming mesh and a rigid moving mesh.     

High-order boundary conditions for the problems of Laplace equation in infinite region and their application

The high-order boundary conditions for the problems of Laplace equation in infiniteregion have been developed.The improvement in accuracy for numerical solution isachieved by imposing the high-order boundary conditions on the exterior boundary of areduced finite region in which the numerical method is used.So both the computing effortsand the required storage in computer are reduced.The numerical examples show that thelst-order boundary condition approaches to the exact boundary condition and it is clearlysuperior to the traditional boundary condition and the2nd-order boundary condition.     

An immersed discontinuous Galerkin method for compressible Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured meshes

We introduce an immersed high-order discontinuous Galerkin method for solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equations on non–boundary-fitted meshes. The flow equations are discretised with a mixed discontinuous Galerkin formulation and are advanced in time with an explicit time marching scheme. The discretisation meshes may contain simplicial (triangular or tetrahedral) elements of different sizes and need not be structured. On the discretisation mesh, the fluid domain boundary is represented with an implicit signed distance function. The cut-elements partially covered by the solid domain are integrated after tessellation with the marching triangle or tetrahedra algorithms. Two alternative techniques are introduced to overcome the excessive stable time step restrictions imposed by cut-elements. In the first approach, the cut-basis functions are replaced with the extrapolated basis functions from the nearest largest element. In the second approach, the cut-basis functions are simply scaled proportionally to the fraction of the cut-element covered by the solid. To achieve high-order accuracy, additional nodes are introduced on the element faces abutting the solid boundary. Subsequently, the faces are curved by projecting the introduced nodes to the boundary. The proposed approach is verified and validated with several two- and three-dimensional subsonic and hypersonic low Reynolds number flow applications, including the flow over a cylinder, a space capsule, and an aerospace vehicle.     

Hermite梯度重构核近似配点法及其在功能梯度材料板的静力分析中的应用

由于直接配点法在求解边值问题时边界上的求解精度较低,本文提出了Hermite梯度重构核近似配点法（HGCM）来改进边界求解精度。重构核近似是无网格法中一种常用的近似函数,但是其在求解高阶导数时格式复杂且非常耗时。HGCM采用梯度重构核近似构建形函数的任意高阶导数,提高了计算效率;通过Hermite配点法构建离散方程,提高了边界求解精度。这种方法在求解对应变系数四阶偏微分方程的功能梯度材料板的静力问题时精度高,计算效率高,并可进一步推广应用于高阶偏微分方程描述的边值问题。     

高精度PPM格式在湍流燃烧中的应用

利用处理三维可压缩粘性流体流动问题中的沉浸边界法,并结合基于PPM方法的高精度TVD格式,对三维方形管道中部的圆柱火焰绕流及惰性气体绕流问题进行了数值模拟。计算湍流时采用大涡模拟(LES),化学反应速率采用EBU漩涡破碎模型。通过计算结果与实验结果的比较,发现高精度PPM格式能精确模拟两类圆柱绕流问题。计算中还发现,火焰圆柱绕流算例中,在火焰翻越圆柱前,由于燃烧的膨胀作用,使得火焰正面前的未燃气体流动并形成惰性气体绕流,这与无燃烧时的惰性气体绕流类似。但当火焰翻越圆柱过程中及完全翻越圆柱后,两种算例绕流流场出现明显变化。