高纯氧化钆中稀土杂质的化学光谱分析

化学光谱法是高纯稀土分析的主要方法,近年来,以P507萃淋树脂为固定相的萃取色谱法,对稀土元素的分离进行了系统的研究。本工作是在高纯氧化钕中14个稀土杂质化学光谱分析的基础上,研究高纯氧化钆中稀土杂质的分离条件。在φ14×1000的恒温色层柱上,以盐酸为淋洗剂,偶氮胂Ⅲ柱上显色,梯度淋洗,分离富集高纯氧化钆中稀土杂质,富集倍数2000倍以上,富集物经化学处理,光谱测定。测定下限∑RE7ppm,变异系数为10—25％,适用于99.999％氧化钆中14个稀土杂质元素的测定。     

在 HEH(EHP)萃取色谱柱上负载量对稀土色谱分离的影响

化学光谱法目前仍然是高纯稀土分析的主要方法。因此,稀土杂质的富集分离仍然是稀土分析研究的一项重要内容。高纯稀土中稀土杂质的化学分离,大多采用以α-羟基异丁酸或其它羟基羧酸为洗提剂的离子交换色谱。由于萃取色谱法兼有溶剂萃取法的高选择性和色谱法的高效性双重优点,因而发展很快。早在六十年代末,国外就有人将二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸(以下简称D_2EHPA)为固定相的萃取色谱技术应用于高纯稀土分析。近年来,国内有人在高纯稀土分析中采用以2-乙基己基膦酸2-乙基己酯(以下简称HEH(EHP)为固定相的萃取色谱。彭春霖等对HEH(EHP)-盐酸体系中各稀土元素的分配比已作了详细报导,为稀土的     

高纯稀土氧化物中其他稀土元素分析

随着各项特性功能的要求,高新功能材料不断被研究出来。稀土由于其优异的特性,在光功能晶体、电子陶瓷、高纯稀土镀膜材料等高端功能材料制造中,高纯稀土的需求将越来越大。高纯稀土的分析检测技术是高纯稀土生产和相关应用的基础,因此,建立准确的高纯稀土分析检测方法具有十分重要的意义。介绍了高纯稀土氧化物中共存的其他稀土元素杂质分析的方法及进展,并进行了展望。重点介绍了ICP-MS/MS方法在高纯稀土氧化物检测中的应用,指出了其在高纯稀土检测应用的广阔前景。     

感耦等离子体质谱法（ICP—MS）测定高纯氧化镝中痕量稀土杂质

本文报道用２－乙基己基膦酸单酯萃淋树脂为固定相，ＨＣｌ为淋洗液的萃取色谱法研究了高纯Ｄｙ２Ｏ３中的痕量稀土杂质和Ｄｙ２Ｏ３基体的分离条件，并用ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ法测定了高纯Ｄｙ２Ｏ３中的１４个稀土杂质，稀土元素的测定限为０．００１－０．００５ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ法测定了高纯Ｄｙ２Ｏ３     

高纯氧化钇中痕量稀土杂质的柱分离富集和测定

对离子交换色层与电感耦合离子体原子发射光谱（ＩＣＰＡＥＳ）联用进行改进，用于高纯氧化钇中痕量稀土杂质的快速分离富集和测定。采用α羟基异丁酸（αＨＩＢＡ）作淋洗剂，对影响分离过程的主要因素（酸度、流速、试剂浓度等）、稀土杂质与试剂（αＨＩＢＡ）的再分离进行了研究。结果表明，分离可在８ｈ内完成，多数待测稀土元素的平均回收率为８０％～１０４％，可用于纯度为９９９９９％～９９９９９９％的高纯氧化钇分析。     

镧与镨钕的环烷酸萃取分离

以环烷酸为萃取剂分离稀土十余年来有很大进展,可是用于稀土之间的分离工作发表得不多;1974年以来国内研究了它对钇和非钇稀土的分离,得到了高纯氧化钇;而非钇稀土之间的分离至今未见报导环烷酸作为萃取剂有易乳化的缺点,目前均加入异味较重的C_9—C_(11)混合醇或辛醇破乳,同时也要求提供防止乳化的其它方法。为了考察环烷酸萃取分离轻稀土的性能,本文用经过分馏和纯制的国产环烷酸,以磺化煤油为稀释剂,对于镧、镨、钕混合氯化物体系,经过20级双溶剂模拟     

ICP-MS 法测定高纯氧化铕中稀土杂质的研究

深入考察了ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ法测定高纯氧化铕时基体对稀土杂质测定的影响,研究了Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂分离大量基体Ｅｕ２Ｏ３的实验条件,建立了采用内标补偿直接测定大部分稀土杂质和经Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂分离基体后测定被干扰离子Ｔｍ相结合的高纯Ｅｕ２Ｏ３中稀土杂质的ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ分析方法。方法检出限为０．００５～０．０２１μｇ／Ｌ,加标回收率为８４％～１１２％。ＲＳＤ为１．４％～８．１％。本法适用于质量分数为９９．９９％～９９．９９９９％的高纯Ｅｕ２Ｏ３中稀土杂质的分析。     

高纯氧化铕中微量稀土杂质的化学光谱测定

将高纯Ｅｕ２Ｏ２通过Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂分离富集，分离掉大量基体Ｅｕ２Ｏ３剩下微量稀土杂质用碳粉吸附，加ＫＢＨ４作载体进行光谱测定，本方法可测定９９．９９９９％，纯度的Ｅｕ２Ｏ３中微量稀土杂质。     

Cyanex272负载树脂分离-ICP-MS法测定高纯氧化钕中痕量稀土杂质

采用萃取色谱法,以Cyanex272负载树脂为固定相制成微型分离柱,以HCl为淋洗液,研究了Nd2O3基体的分离条件,分离周期为35min。建立了分离Nd后测定Tb、Dy、Ho以及内标补偿法直接测定其它稀土杂质的高纯Nd2O3中14个稀土杂质的ICP MS分析方法。方法检出限为0.03～0.30μg g,加标回收率为91.0%～110.0%,相对标准偏差为2.0%～4.9%。方法可满足快速测定99 999%Nd2O3中14个稀土杂质的要求。     

高纯氧化镨中14个稀土元素的化学光谱分析

本文采用CL-P507萃淋树脂色谱法进行高纯氧化镨中稀土杂质元素的分离浓缩,浓缩倍数为1000倍,浓缩物用碳粉吸附法进行光谱测定。测定下限为∑RE9ppm,变异系数为5—26％。化学分离周期约16小时。可用于纯度为5个9的氧化镨中14个稀土杂质元素的测定。     

ICP-AES and D.C.arc-AES determination of Sc, Y and lanthanides in nuclear grade graphite

Summary Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometric and Direct Current Arc-Emission Spectrometric methods have been developed for the determination of rare earths in nuclear grade graphite. The graphite matrix was selectively removed from the analytes by controlled heating in air at 900°C in a muffle furnace. The residual ash containing analytes was dissolved and analysed by ICP-AES for rare earths specially required for assessing the nuclear purity, viz. Dy, Eu, Gd and Sm and for all rare earths, Sc and Y by D.C.arc-AES by photographing their spectra in III order on an 3.4 M Ebert Spectrograph. The recovery of rare earths after ashing was confirmed using -activities of¹⁴¹Ce,^152–154Eu,¹⁵³Gd,¹⁷⁰Tm and¹⁶⁹Yb which was found to be quantitative within experimental error.

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Bestimmung von Sc, Y und Lanthaniden in nuklear-reinem Graphit mit Hilfe der ICP-AES und der Gleichstrombogen-Spektrometrie

     

感耦等离子体发射光谱法测定高纯氧化钇中的痕量稀土元素

本文采用国产WPG-100型一米光栅摄谱仪、GP3.5-D1型高频等离子体发生器、气动雾化器,以不去溶方式进样直接测定纯度为99.995%的氧化钇中十四个稀土杂质元素。其中除镨(17μg/g)和钸(7μg/g)外,测定下限均为0.3-3μg/g(以氧化物计)。当被测元素的含量为3-17μg/g时,相对标准偏差为2.3-7.3%(钸和镨除外)。样品用盐酸溶解,酸度和共存元素的影响很小,方法简便、快速。     

Separation of high purity gadolinium for reactor application by solvent extraction process

A solvent extraction process for the production of nuclear grade Gd₂O₃ for its applications in pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) from a crude concentrate of rare earths containing ~70 % Gd₂O₃ has been developed and tested on bench-scale and continuous counter-current operations. The separation of gadolinium from other rare earths with similar chemical properties has been successfully accomplished by adopting a dual cycle solvent extraction employing 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid, mono-2 ethylhexyl ester (EHEHPA) as an extractant. Taking advantage of the extraction order of rare earths with EHEHPA, in the first cycle, heavy rare earths including Tb, Dy and Y were separated in the product strip solution, while gadolinium was separated in the raffinate solution along with samarium and neodymium. In the second cycle, gadolinium was purified to the extent of >99.5 % with respect to other rare earths. Effects of process variables such as aqueous acidity, phase ratio, metal concentration in the aqueous feed, scrubbing and stripping acidity etc. on separation of terbium and other heavy rare earths in the first cycle and upgrading the purity of Gd₂O₃ in the second cycle have been investigated. The experimental conditions were optimized using computer simulation and validated by bench scale counter-current operations. Under optimized conditions of process parameters, continuous operations of mixer settler yielded kilogram quantity of nuclear pure Gd₂O₃ which was subsequently converted to gadolinium nitrate for PHWR application. The overall recovery was found to be >98 %.     

稀土在烤烟植株中的分布及其对烟叶化学成份影响的研究

作为一种生理活性物质,稀土施用在烟草上平均增产11％,上中等烟比例提高7．53％左右,稀土应用于烤烟大部分限于田间试验,缺深入的机理研究^[2-4]。本试验用低浓度混合硝酸稀土喷施烤烟叶面,研究了稀土在烤烟植株中的含量,分布及土壤中可溶态稀土的变化情况及稀土对烟叶化学成份的影响,旨在为烤烟施用稀土提供科学依据。     

稀土在机动车尾气催化净化中的应用与研究进展

随着我国机动车尾气排放法规日趋严格,对机动车尾气净化催化剂性能提出了更高的要求.稀土元素由于独特的4f电子层结构和储放氧性能等特性,在机动车尾气催化剂中得到广泛应用.本文综述了稀土元素在机动车尾气催化剂中的应用及相关机理研究现状,并依据京V排放法规要求探讨了最新排放限值对尾气净化催化剂性能的要求,分析了稀土在开发高性能催化剂中的作用,并对稀土在机动车尾气净化催化剂中的应用前景进行了展望.     

Elemental analysis in bed sediment samples of Karnafuli estuarine zone in the Bay of Bengal by instrumental neutron activation analysis

The concentration of rare earths and other elements have been determined in the bed sediment samples of Karnafuli estuarine zone in the Bay of Bengal by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The samples and the standards soil-5, soil-7, coal fly ash and pond sediment were prepared and simultaneously irradiated for short and long time at the TRIGA Mark-II research reactor facility of Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka. The maximum themal neutron flux was of the order of 10¹³ n·cm^–2·s^–1. After irradiation the radioactivity of the product nuclides was measured by using a high resolution high purity germanium detector system. Analysis of -ray spectra and quantitative analysis of the elemental concentration were done via the software GANAAS, it has been possible to determine the concentration level of 27 elements including the rare earths La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy and Yb and uranium and thorium.     

Rare earth impurities in high purity lanthanum oxide determined by neutron activation analysis

Individual rare earth impurities in high purity La₂O₃ (99.9%) have been determined by NAA after pre-separation of the matrix (La). The separation is carried out on an anion exchanger (Dowex 1×8) using different mixtures of methanol/nitric acid as eluants. The rare earth elements from Dy to Lu are eluted quantitatively using a 10% 1M HNO₃-90% methanol mixture, while the light rare earths from Ce to Gd are eluted quantitatively using a 10% 0.05M HNO₃-90% methanol mixture. La, which is retained on the column, is eluted using 0.1M HNO₃. The recoveries of the various rare earth elements have been checked using radiotracers and also by spiking the sample with known amount of elements, and the recoveries are found to be quantitative. Results obtained on a typical high purity lanthanum oxide are reported here.     

偶氮氯膦Ⅲ吸光光度法测定轻、重稀土元素和钇

本文研究了稀土元素与偶氮氯膦Ⅲ的α型及β型显色反应。在一定条件下,重稀土元素(Gd-Lu)同偶氮氯膦Ⅲ螯合物可由α型转变成β型,其中钇的螯合物转成β型倾向最大,而轻稀土元素在相同条件下仅形成α型,利用Zn-EDTA和Zn-CyDTA的掩蔽效应,可扩大显色反应的差异性。提出了在HCl-NaAc介质中分别测定轻、重稀土元素及钇的方法:在pH2.9-3.4范围内,用Zn-CyDTA作掩蔽剂,可在重稀土存在下测定轻稀土元素。在pH1.8-2.4和pH2.8-3.6,用Zn-EDTA、NaF或NaF作掩蔽剂可分别测定钇及重稀土元素。     

Activation analysis of rare earths : The determination of rare earths in minerals by the single comparator technique

The determination of rare earths in minerals by activation analysis is described. The rare earths are separated as a group from the bulk of the material before irradiation. After irradiation the rare earths are separated from each other by gradient elution with ammonium α-hydroxyisobutyrate on a cation-exchange column. The elements are determined by the single comparator technique. This method permits a practical application of activation analysis to the routine determination of rare earths in complex matrices,     

稀土复合钴基HMS催化剂的制备及其氯苯催化燃烧性能

以钴基HMS催化剂为主体,从稀土复合方式、不同稀土元素、稀土元素含量等方面系统考察了稀土元素对钴基HMS催化剂氯苯催化燃烧性能的影响。并将孔结构、XRD以及紫外可见漫反射等表征结果与催化活性进行了有效关联。结果发现:Ce较La和Nd能更好地改善钴基HMS的催化性能。同时发现,通过负载法进入HMS孔道的Ce较通过原位法掺杂在骨架的Ce具有更佳的促进作用,且当Ce盐(硝酸铈)的负载量为20%(质量分数)时,效果最好。