一种基于铜配合物的高灵敏硫化氢荧光探针

作为继NO和CO之后的第三个气体信号分子,硫化氢在生物体内具有许多重要的生理功能,因此发展灵敏度高、选择性好的硫化氢荧光探针以实现其实时跟踪和检测成为研究的热点。本文利用NBD荧光配体构建了一个基于其铜配合物的硫化氢荧光探针。铜离子的荧光猝灭作用使得该配合物探针的荧光很弱,而Na₂S(硫化氢供体)的加入可显著增强其荧光。研究表明其他阴离子对配合物探针的荧光影响很小,共存时也不会干扰探针对硫化氢的增强响应。研究认为S^2-对铜离子(Cu²⁺)的高亲和能力促使配合物脱铜可能是其实现荧光增强识别的机制。该探针在1~20 μmol·L^-1的范围内对H₂S具有线性响应能力,而且检测限可达到0.2 μmol·L^-1,是目前检测限较低的少数探针之一。     

Cu2+和Cu+对原代培养的小鼠成骨细胞增殖、分化和钙化的影响

利用噻唑蓝(MTT)法、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)比活性测定、油红O染色和矿化结节染色及定量分析,研究了Cu²⁺和Cu⁺对原代培养的成骨细胞增殖、分化及钙化的影响。结果显示：Cu²⁺(1×10^-9~1×10^-6 mol·L^-1)促进成骨细胞增殖,随时间延长,促进作用变弱。Cu⁺(1×10^-7~1×10^-5 mol·L^-1)抑制成骨细胞增殖,随时间延长,浓度为1×10^-6 mol·L^-1的Cu⁺为促进作用,其余浓度则没有影响。对于成骨细胞分化,Cu²⁺和Cu⁺表现出相似的影响,浓度为1×10^-9和1×10^-6 mol·L^-1时均促进成骨细胞分化,而当浓度为1×10^-7和1×10^-5 mol·L^-1时,则抑制成骨细胞分化,随作用时间延长,大多数浓度均表现为促进作用。测试浓度下的Cu²⁺和Cu⁺均对成骨细胞向脂肪细胞的横向分化表现为促进效应。对矿化功能的影响,1×10^-5 mol·L^-1的Cu²⁺和Cu⁺表现出显著的抑制效应,但随浓度降低,抑制效应变弱。1×10^-7 mol·L^-1的Cu²⁺ 促进成骨细胞矿化结节的形成。结果提示：作用浓度、作用时间及铜离子的价态都是影响Cu²⁺和Cu⁺生物效应转变(从毒性到活性,从损伤到保护,从下调到上调)的关键因素。     

生物小分子钒配合物抑制蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶活性研究

钒化合物治疗糖尿病机理研究表明其与蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶的酶活抑制有一定关系。本文分别研究了生物小分子配体与氧钒离子在20:1配比条件下形成的生物小分子钒配合物及其对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶的抑制作用和选择性。结果表明氨基酸与氧钒离子配合形成2:1的配合物, 而抗坏血酸及多羧酸与氧钒离子配合形成1:1的配合物。它们对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制作用显示, 大部分生物小分子氧钒配合物对PTP1B表现强烈的抑制作用, IC₅₀值在0.12~0.63 μmol·L^-1之间。化合物[VO(Phe)₂]表现最强的抑制作用, IC₅₀值为0.07 μmol·L^-1。而[VO(Arg)₂]、[VO(Oxalate)]、[VO(Nitrilotriacetate)]和[VO(Citrate)]则呈现较弱的抑制, IC₅₀值分别为1.05、1.41、9.90和21.5 μmol·L^-1。对PTP1B, TCPTP, HePTP以及SHP-1的抑制作用表明配体的结构不仅影响氧钒配合物对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶的抑制效率同时也影响其选择性。     

荧光碳点的制备及银离子辅助的点亮型识别青霉胺

以半胱氨酸为原料,通过一步热解法制备了荧光碳点（CDs）,并采用透射电镜（TEM）、动态光散射（DLS）、X射线能谱分析（XPS）、紫外可见吸收光谱（UV-Vis）和荧光光谱（FL）对其进行了表征。结果表明该碳点平均尺寸为3.12 nm,且表现出了良好的荧光特性。银离子能够与碳点结合进而通过光诱导的电子转移有效猝灭碳点的荧光。青霉胺得益于其与重金属离子的配位作用,能够与银离子结合使得后者离开碳点表面从而实现荧光恢复。基于此,我们建立了银离子辅助的碳点荧光点亮型识别青霉胺的新方法。该方法的线性范围为8~500 μmol·L^-1,检出限为5.62 μmol·L^-1。该荧光体系用于尿液样品测定,回收率在97.17%~102.05%范围内。     

二氧化锰纳米颗粒调控的紫外可见吸收-荧光双通道传感器的构建及D-青霉胺的检测

以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)同时作为模板和还原剂,基于原位氧化还原反应,一步法制备二氧化锰纳米颗粒(MnO₂ NPs),并对其形貌、组成、紫外可见吸收、催化氧化特性进行了表征。结果表明,MnO₂ NPs能够催化氧化邻苯二胺(OPD)为2,3-二氨基吩嗪(DAP),产生420 nm处的紫外可见吸收和560 nm处的荧光发射。D-青霉胺(DPA)中的活性巯基可与MnO₂发生特异性反应,还原降解催化剂,抑制其催化氧化活性,使得体系紫外可见吸收-荧光信号减弱甚至消失。基于DPA浓度与体系光谱信号变化的关系,我们建立了MnO₂ NPs介导的紫外可见吸收-荧光双通道传感DPA的新方法。荧光传感通道具有更好的线性范围和灵敏度,该方法线性范围为1~80 μmol·L^-1,检出限为0.54 μmol·L^-1。此外,MnO₂ NPs介导的荧光传感DPA应用于人体尿液样品分析中的回收率为98.31%~107.76%,证明了该方法的可靠性。     

用于痕量监测Zr4+、Cr2O72-、Fe3+、HPO42-和指纹识别的功能化Eu3+/Tb3+配位聚合物荧光探针的构筑

采用芳香族π共轭及含氮原子有机连接剂,合成同构铽、铕发光配位聚合物(CPs){[Eu(PLIA)_1.5(H₂O)₂]·H₂O}_n (1)和{[Tb(PLIA)_1.5(H₂O)₂]·H₂O}_n (2),其中H₂PLIA=5-((吡啶-4-基甲基)氧基)苯-1,3-二甲酸。对合成的配合物进行了结构测定、表征和荧光痕量识别实验研究。2个同构配合物具有理想的三维框架结构,π…π堆积及氢键等弱相互作用增强了其化学稳定性;表征显示配位聚合物1和2具有良好的荧光性质、结晶性、热力学稳定性及结构完整性,可作为荧光传感的材料。1和2对水溶液中的Zr⁴⁺、Cr₂O₇^2-和Fe³⁺、HPO₄^2-具有选择性好、灵敏度高的荧光识别能力,其检出限分别为0.139 μmol·L^-1(1,Zr⁴⁺)、0.626 μmol·L^-1(1,Cr₂O₇^2-)、0.430 μmol·L^-1(2,Fe³⁺)、1.36 μmol·L^-1(2,HPO₄^2-)。探究了1和2作为探针的荧光猝灭机理。更有趣的是,1和2具有指纹识别性能,其荧光指纹纹路清晰连贯,细节明显,可被清晰观察。     

一种应用于活细胞中检测Hg(Ⅱ)的苯并噻唑类荧光探针

合成和表征了一种苯并噻唑类的荧光探针(YH1),并用光谱法研究了它对不同金属离子的响应。结果表明:YH1对Hg²⁺显示出好的选择性和灵敏度,与Hg²⁺作用后,在紫外光的激发下它的溶液颜色由蓝色变为无色。在1.4~8.8 μmol·L^-1浓度的范围内,YH1的荧光强度与Hg²⁺浓度有线性关系,其对Hg²⁺的检出限为0.56 μmol·L^-1。此外,YH1可跨过细胞膜,细胞毒性低,还可应用于HeLa活细胞中对Hg²⁺进行荧光成像。     

N-乙基咔唑-3-甲醛席夫碱荧光探针的合成及其检测Cu2+性质

以咔唑为原料,经过两步反应制备得到N-乙基咔唑-3-甲醛,其结构经X射线单晶衍射测定属于单斜晶系,空间群为P2₁/n。再以N-乙基咔唑-3-甲醛与1,3-二氨-2-丙醇为原料,设计、合成了一种新型双席夫碱荧光探针分子CMP。借助荧光光谱在体积比为6∶4的DMSO/H₂O缓冲溶液(Tris-HCl,pH=7.0)中研究了探针CMP对Cu²⁺的选择性识别。研究结果表明,探针CMP与Cu²⁺以1∶2的比例配位,结合常数为1.52×10⁵ L·mol^-1,检出限为0.205 μmol·L^-1。回收实验表明,探针分子CMP可应用于环境水样中Cu²⁺的检测。     

一种吡啶三唑修饰的香豆素类荧光探针对Cu2+的选择性识别

成功设计且合成了一个基于吡啶三唑修饰的香豆素席夫碱荧光探针CPTH。分别利用¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、FT-IR和LC/MS对其进行了表征。CPTH在溶液中发射出强烈的黄色荧光并对铜离子表现出快速、优良的选择响应性。同时,CPTH的灵敏度较高,其检出限低至2 μmol·L^-1。     

用于痕量监测Zr4+、Cr2O72-、Fe3+、HPO42-和指纹识别的功能化Eu3+/Tb3+配位聚合物荧光探针的构筑

采用芳香族π共轭及含氮原子有机连接剂,合成同构铽、铕发光配位聚合物(CPs){[Eu (PLIA)_1.5(H₂O)₂]·H₂O}_n (1)和{[Tb (PLIA)_1.5(H₂O)₂]·H₂O}_n (2),其中H₂PLIA=5-((吡啶-4-基甲基)氧基)苯-1,3-二甲酸。对合成的配合物进行了结构测定、表征和荧光痕量识别实验研究。2个同构配合物具有理想的三维框架结构,π…π堆积及氢键等弱相互作用增强了其化学稳定性;表征显示配位聚合物1和2具有良好的荧光性质、结晶性、热力学稳定性及结构完整性,可作为荧光传感的材料。1和2对水溶液中的Zr⁴⁺、Cr₂O₇^2-和Fe³⁺、HPO₄^2-具有选择性好、灵敏度高的荧光识别能力,其检出限分别为0.139 μmol·L^-1(1,Zr⁴⁺)、0.626 μmol·L^-1(1,Cr₂O₇^2-)、0.430 μmol·L^-1(2,Fe³⁺)、1.36 μmol·L^-1(2,HPO₄^2-)。探究了1和2作为探针的荧光猝灭机理。更有趣的是,1和2具有指纹识别性能,其荧光指纹纹路清晰连贯,细节明显,可被清晰观察。     

富含胞嘧啶单链DNA-银纳米簇荧光探针用于S1核酸酶的灵敏检测

以富含胞嘧啶（C）的单链DNA为模板合成银纳米簇,将其作为功能化探针,建立了一种无标记荧光检测S1核酸酶的方法.S1核酸酶可以特异性识别单链DNA,在最适的酶催化反应条件下,可将其降解为单核苷酸或寡核苷酸片段.当S1核酸酶不存在时,富含C的单链DNA可以有效地合成荧光银纳米簇;当S1核酸酶存在时,单链DNA模板被特异性识别并降解,导致无法形成银纳米簇,使体系荧光信号降低.实验结果表明,银纳米簇的荧光强度随着S1核酸酶浓度的增加而降低.在优化的条件下,体系荧光信号（F/F₀）与S1核酸酶的浓度在5.0×10^-5~4.0×10^-3 U/μL范围内呈线性关系,检出限为2.0×10^-6 U/μL.该荧光探针选择性好,可用于RPMI 1640细胞培养基中S1核酸酶的检测,回收率达到91.8%~109.5%.     

高核Ag/S纳米团簇合成的研究进展

硫醇配体保护的高核银纳米团簇具有丰富的结构和性能, 在光致发光、 生物传感、 纳米材料等方面具有广阔的应用前景. 然而, 精确控制高核Ag/S纳米团簇的尺寸和结构面临着巨大的挑战, 构建高核Ag/S纳米团簇的可行策略也一直是人们关注的焦点. 近年来, 随着合成方法和表征技术的不断发展, 高核Ag/S纳米团簇的合成和性能研究方面均取得了显著的成就. 本文总结了含20个或以上Ag原子的Ag/S纳米团簇的合成方法(直接还原法、 阴离子模板法及配体交换法), 对部分高核Ag/S纳米团簇的结构进行了探讨, 并展望了未来研究的趋势.     

Sensitive signal-on fluorescent sensing for copper ions based on the polyethyleneimine-capped silver nanoclusters–cysteine system

In this work, we present a label-free sensor for copper ions. This sensor is composed of silver nanoclusters and cysteine. The fluorescence of the silver nanoclusters was quenched by cysteine, which was recovered in the presence of copper ions. This binding of silver nanoclusters to cysteine promoted agglomeration of silver nanoclusters to yield larger non-fluorescent silver nanoparticles. The presence of copper ions resulted in the oxidation of cysteine to form a disulfide compound, leading to recovery of fluorescence of the silver nanoclusters. The fluorescence of the silver nanoclusters in the presence of cysteine increased with increasing concentration of copper ions in the range of 10–200 nM. The detection limit of this sensor for copper ions was 2.3 nM. The silver nanoclusters–cysteine sensor provides a simple, cost-effective, and sensitive platform for the detection of copper ions.     

DNA-templated fluorescent silver nanoclusters

In this review, we discuss the synthesis and applications of DNA-templated fluorescent silver nanoclusters in aqueous solution. Various oligonucleotide sequences or conformations have been utilized to synthesize silver nanoclusters with excellent fluorescence properties. The range of applications has expanded greatly, from live cell staining and the detection of metal ions and small biomolecules to the detection of DNA or proteins.     

Luminescence of ordered silver iodide nanoclusters inside zeolite host

Ordered silver iodide nanoclusters inside zeolite Y host were prepared by using a thermal diffusion method. The Y-AgI samples were characterized with powder X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, adsorption technique and chemical analysis. The results show that silver iodide nanoclusters were situated in the ordered cages of the zeolite Y host. The results on the luminescence of the nanocomposites Y-AgI suggest that when the sizes of silver iodide nanoclusters are were very small, non-radiation surface recombination exceeds radiation process and the luminescence efficiency increases as the size of the silver iodide nanoclusters increaseds As the sizes of AgI nanoclusters increased, non-radiative surface recombination effect become equal to the radiation effect of the excitons. As the size of the nanoclusters of AgI in zeolite host further increases, the surface recombination of the nanoclusters becomes a major process.     

Recent Progress in Inorganic Anions Templated Silver Nanoclusters: Synthesis,Structures and Properties

Over recent years, research on the ligand‐protected silver clusters have gained significant interest owing to their unique potential applications in catalysis, organic optoelectronics, and luminescent materials. However, the synthesis of structurally precise high‐nuclearity silver nanoclusters is still challenging and become one of the prime interests of chemists. The controllable synthesis of high‐nuclearity silver nanoclusters involves the ingenious use of capping ligands or/and templating agents. Thereinto, the main role of the templating agents is to promote the order arrangement of silver ions around them to form discrete molecules. Our lab has performed comprehensive studies on the ligand‐protected silver clusters in the past eight years. This review highlights recent progress in the use of inorganic template anions, silver precursors, solvents, and the ligand types in synthesizing high‐nuclearity silver nanoclusters. Furthermore, some interesting photo‐ and electrochemical properties revealed by silver clusters including luminescent thermochromism, electrical conductivity, and electrochemical reduction of H₂O₂ have been also summarized.     

紫外光辐照下以PAMAM树形分子为模板制备Ag纳米簇及光致发光性能研究

以G5.0-OH PAMAM树形分子为模板,用紫外光辐照法制备银纳米簇.用透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱和共振散射光谱等对所制备的银纳米簇进行了表征.结果表明:用紫外光辐照法可以制备尺寸分布均匀、稳定的银纳米簇;且辐照时间、PAMAM树形分子的浓度及Ag⁺/PAMAM树形分子的摩尔比都会对所制备的银纳米簇产生较大的影响.由于所制备的银纳米簇的粒径小于树形分子的流体力学半径,表明树形分子起到了“内模板”作用.同时研究了银纳米簇的尺寸对其光致发光性能的影响,发现通过调节银纳米簇的尺寸可实现其光致发光的可调性.     

Pre‐Incubation of Auric Acid with DNA Is Unnecessary for the Formation of DNA‐Templated Gold Nanoclusters

The rationale for the preparation of DNA‐templated gold nanoclusters (DNA‐Au NCs) has not been well understood, thereby slowing down the advancement of the synthesis and applications of DNA‐Au NCs. The interaction between metal ions and the DNA template seems to be the key factor for the successful preparation of DNA‐templated metal nanoclusters. With the help of circular dichroism in this contribution, we put efforts into interrogating the necessity of pre‐incubation of HAuCl₄ with poly‐adenine template in the formation of Au NCs by citrate reduction. Our results revealed that the pre‐incubation of HAuCl₄ with poly‐adenine is not favorable for the formation of Au NCs, which is distinctly different from the formation process for silver nanoclusters. It is our hope that this study can provide guidance in the preparation of Au NCs with more DNA templates.     

Early stages in the growth of small silver clusters in aqueous solution

In this mini-review, the growth of silver nanoclusters following the reduction of silver ions in aqueous solution is studied and some clusters are characterized. A model for the molecular structure of trimer silver clusters is discussed as well as the role of aliphatic alcohol radicalsin the growth of silver nanoclusters.     

Facile and Direct Preparation of Ultrastable Mesoporous Silica with Silver Nanoclusters: High Surface Area

We report the successful direct synthesis of an ultrastable mesoporous silicon dioxide framework containing silver nanoclusters using a modified true liquid crystal templating method. Our modification produced an extraordinary material with a high average Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area of 1785 m² g⁻¹ – the highest reported surface area to date – and an ultrastable mesoporous structure, which has been stable for nine years so far. This method eliminates the need for reduction of silver oxide into metallic silver and restricts the growth of silver clusters. The silver nanoclusters, with an average size of 1 nm, occupy the pores and walls of the framework. Analysis of the material using nitrogen adsorption/desorption method, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, energy-dispersive X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy is discussed herein.