堆积的腺嘌呤体系新失活通道的动力学模拟

采用半经典动力学方法模拟了激光诱导下π堆积的腺嘌呤体系最低激发态的失活过程. 模拟激光脉冲仅作用于一个腺嘌呤分子. 发现随着激发态腺嘌呤分子(A)与基态腺嘌呤分子(A′)之间距离的缩短, 它们的相互作用显著增强. 分子间的相互作用导致了一条新的失活通道, 即C₂原子与C₂′原子靠拢成键, 形成“成键的激基复合体”的中间体. 中间体的寿命约为390 fs. C₂原子的畸变和H₂′原子的环面外振动导致中间体失活. 失活后C₂－C₂′断裂, 释放的键能转化为分子动能, 腺嘌呤分子恢复基态的平面结构.     

聚集诱导发光现象的理论研究

本文系统介绍了本课题组发展的分子辐射跃迁和无辐射跃迁速率常数的热振动关联函数理论方法的最新进展及其在聚集诱导发光领域的典型应用. 基于第一性原理计算, 定量考察了位阻、温度、聚集等因素对分子体系发光性质的影响. 从微观角度给出了分子聚集诱导发光机理： 分子激发态的无辐射能量衰减通道主要是对应于低频模式的芳香环扭转和高频模式的碳碳伸缩振动. 当位阻增加、温度降低或者分子聚集时, 芳香环的转动受限, 无辐射能量衰减通道被抑制, 导致无辐射跃迁速率常数降低, 而其对辐射跃迁速率常数影响不大, 从而提高分子的荧光量子产率, 荧光增强.     

原子和简单分子失电子后的体积变化

本文在对比分析一些分子及其一价阳离子的键长的基础上,运用分子轨道理论和共振论成功地解释了实验数据,以及部分分子的阳离子比相应分子的键长大的原因。并对分子失电子后体积变化的规律作了一些有益的探讨     

分子激发态的价键理论研究——B_2分子低激发态的成键特征

根据分子轨道理论与价键理论对化学键描述的对应关系,实现了双原子分子低激发态的价键描述和ab initio价键计算,B_2分子低激发态的计算结果表明,价键计算不仅具有清晰直观的物理意义,而且对位能面平衡点附近特征的模拟,优于分子轨道理论,包含几个激发键表的计算,便能正确地反映体系的电子相关效应.     

堆积的胸腺嘧啶体系光物理失活的动力学模拟

采用半经典动力学方法模拟了π堆积的胸腺嘧啶体系最低激发态的光物理失活过程.设置激光脉冲仅作用于一个胸腺嘧啶分子T,另一胸腺嘧啶分子T’保持基态.模拟发现由于T与T’之间存在π堆积相互作用,导致电荷转移,形成T带负电荷、T’带正电符的激基复合物.由于相邻分子的空间效应阻碍了激发的T分子到达圆锥相交所必需的强烈扭曲,激基复合物的寿命比单体增长.当分子间距离缩短至0.3 nm后,T分子C₅—C₆键扭曲程度最大,此时发生电荷重组,两个胸腺嘧啶分子均恢复电中性.电荷重组诱导T’分子发生畸变,并在C₅’—C₆’扭曲最大时避免相交,体系衰减至基态,T和T’分子均恢复平面构型.     

利用飞秒受激拉曼光谱研究9-(2,2-二氰乙烯基)久洛啶中分子内扭转电荷转移和异构化动力学（英文）

本文利用飞秒受激拉曼光谱结合量子化学计算研究了9-(2,2-二氰乙烯基)久洛啶分子在环己烷、四氢呋喃和二甲基亚砜溶剂中的激发态结构动力学.实验中观测到该分子的氢原子离面振动模式以及双腈基(C≡N)对称/反对称伸缩振动模式,这两种振动模式的发现意味着该分子在光激发后将沿C₇=C₈双键和C₄-C₇单键进行扭转,即通过异构化和分子内扭转电荷转移两种无辐射弛豫方式有效地淬灭局域性激发态上的粒子数.在非极性溶剂中,光激发导致局域性激发态的粒子数布居,其中一部分粒子数通过异构化以无辐射形式弛豫回基态;此外,虽然非极性溶剂中没有出现分子内电荷传递中间态,部分局域性激发态粒子数直接通过荧光发射弛豫回到基态,另一部分局域性激发态粒子数则通过分子内扭转电荷转移过程无辐射弛豫回基态.在极性溶剂中,光激发导致局域性激发态粒子数布居,其中一部分粒子数通过异构化无辐射弛豫回基态;另一部分局域性激发态的粒子数通过超快的分子内电荷传递过程弛豫至分子内电荷传递发光态,分子内电荷传递态上的粒子数一部分通过荧光发射弛豫回到基态,另一部分...     

蓝光材料Ir(Ⅲ)配合物的磷光效率与光谱的振动关联函数研究

由于发光效率低和稳定性差,蓝色磷光材料一直是发光材料研究领域的瓶颈.为了更深层次地理解蓝色磷光分子结构与发光效率之间的关系,本工作结合密度泛函理论,运用作者新近发展的系间窜越速率的振动关联函数计算方法,定量研究了新型蓝光发射分子fac-tris(2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridyl iridium(fac-Ir(F2ppy)3)的磷光光谱、辐射跃迁和无辐射跃迁速率及其与温度的依赖关系,计算结果很好地解释了实验测量结果.计算表明:(1)相较于未取代的绿光材料fac-Ir(ppy)3,杂原子F的引入增加了T1与S0的能隙,使得光谱蓝移,但没有带来额外的分子结构弛豫的重整能,从而使得该蓝色材料保持了高的发光效率;(2)无辐射跃迁过程所耗散的电子激发态能量主要是通过配体L1中的连接氟化苯环和吡啶环的C(5)—C(46)键、吡啶环内C(43)—C(44)键和C(42)—C(47)键及氟化苯环内的C(3)—C(6)键的伸缩振动,因此,理论研究表明可以通过分子设计来抑制这些振动来进一步提高这类材料的发光效率.     

喹啉修饰β-环糊精键合胆酸客体的热力学研究

采用微量热滴定、核磁共振和分子模拟等方法研究了三唑基喹啉修饰β-环糊精(1)和羟基喹啉基修饰β-环糊精(2)同胆酸(CA)、脱氧胆酸(DCA)、甘胆酸(GCA)和牛磺胆酸(TCA)的键合行为.二维核磁和分子模拟研究表明胆酸客体分子的尾链和D环部分从大口端进入了环糊精空腔.微量热滴定研究表明两种喹啉基修饰环糊精键合胆酸客体的过程由焓驱动,并且伴随着明显的熵损失,说明主-客体间键合的驱动力主要来自于氢键和范德华相互作用.与天然环糊精相比,喹啉基修饰环糊精对胆酸客体的键合有着更为有利的焓变和更为不利的熵变.     

CN在 Pt(100)表面吸附的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函方法,以原子簇Pt14为模拟表面,对CN自由基分子在Pt(100)表面上不同吸附位的吸附情况进行了研究.结果表明,CN分子吸附在Pt(100)面上时,通过原子C垂直吸附在表面顶位是其最佳吸附方式,CN键振动频率明显发生蓝移,与实验事实相吻合;而在桥位及四方穴位吸附时CN键振动频率均发生红移.吸附前后,CN分子的σ、π电子与底物间的电荷转移的差异决定了CN键振动频率的不同变化.     

磺酸化β-环糊精与吉西他滨药物分子键合及组装

基于环糊精的主-客体键合及其组装行为是超分子化学领域的研究重点.本文利用核磁共振、圆二色光谱、分子模拟以及微量热滴定等方法探究了磺酸化?-环糊精(1)和吉西他滨(2)的键合模式、键合常数以及热力学参数.核磁等实验说明,吉西他滨客体分子中的嘧啶碱基环从大口端进入到环糊精的空腔.微量热滴定数据表明该键合过程是焓驱动过程,并且伴随着不利的熵损失,说明键合过程的驱动力主要来自于疏水、氢键以及范德华相互作用.进而通过丁达尔、光散射以及电镜实验,表明环糊精与药物分子形成的包合物1·2能够有效诱导十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)聚集形成球形纳米超分子组装体.该三元超分子组装体在设计和制备新型药物传输载体方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.