新型花菁染料-蛋白质散射体系的研究与应用

基于蛋白质对花菁染料的共振散射效应,以新型水溶性碳菁染料(1,1′-丙磺酸-3,3,3′,3′-四甲基吲哚三次甲基碳菁-5,5′-二磺酸钾)为探针,建立了一种新的蛋白质共振散射检测体系.在最优条件下,蛋白质对该碳菁染料具有明显的散射增强作用,散射强度与蛋白质浓度成良好的线性关系,牛血清蛋白BSA和人血清蛋白HSA线性响应范围分别为0.20～15.0μg/mL和0.50～10.0μg/mL,检测灵敏度(3σ/K)为0.05、0.10μg/mL.测定了BSA血清合成样品,回收率94.5%～104.0%;测定HSA血清合成样品,回收率95.6%～103.0%,测定相对标准偏差为1.1%～1.9%,测定较为稳定、准确.     

对苯二胺荧光探针测定水质样品中的溶解态汞

为获得水质样品中的溶解态汞简便、灵敏的测定方法,以含有荧光基团和氨基活性基团的对苯二胺作为荧光探针,基于其荧光猝灭程度与Hg(Ⅱ)浓度呈线性关系,建立荧光光度法测定水质样品中溶解态汞的检测方法。对缓冲体系的类型、pH值、浓度以及荧光探针的浓度等条件进行实验,确定采用pH 5.0的0.010 mol/L AABS体系和0.40 μg/mL对苯二胺荧光探针的荧光探针实验条件,并应用于实际水质样品中。结果表明,当Hg(Ⅱ)浓度在0.64 μg/mL ~1.36μg/mL内,荧光探针对苯二胺浓度的荧光淬灭程度与Hg(Ⅱ)浓度成良好的线性关系(R=0.9991),重复性实验的相对标准偏差为0.72 %,方法检出限为0.032 μg/mL,加标回收率均在90%~110%之间。该方法简便、灵敏度高、选择性好、可用于实际水质样品中溶解态汞的测定,具有较好的应用前景。     

水热法合成CdTe量子点及其与蛋白质连接作为生物荧光探针的研究

以巯基丙酸为稳定剂,采用水热法合成了CdTe量子点.吸收光谱和荧光光谱表明,所合成的CdTe量子点具有优异的发光特性.透射电子显微境(TEM)表征了纳米微粒的结构和粒径分布.并以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为代表,通过测定CdTe量子点与BSA偶联(QDs-BSA)后溶液的荧光强度确定CdTe量子点与蛋白质偶联的最佳反应条件为pH 9～10,反应温度37 ℃,反应时间2 h.通过荧光发射光谱研究了溶液pH和NaCl浓度对QDs-BSA溶液和QDs溶液荧光强度的影响.在优化的反应条件下,用制备的QDs-BSA荧光探针对BSA进行了定量测定,线性范围是0.06～0.48 μg/mL,对0.24 μg/mL QDs-BSA样品7次测定的相对标准偏差是2.2%.     

快速测定生物样品中蛋白含量的同步荧光法研究

最佳实验条件下,基于脱氧尿苷与人血清白蛋白(HSA)相互作用,导致血清白蛋白的同步荧光光谱发生特异性变化,且体系的同步荧光强度和溶液中白蛋白的浓度呈良好的线性关系,建立了以脱氧尿苷为探针,运用固定波长同步荧光光谱快速测定生物样品中蛋白质总含量的新方法.深入考察了△λ值、反应介质、试剂用量、离子强度、加入顺序、反应时间等因素对测定的影响.在最佳实验条件下,体系的同步荧光强度与血清白蛋白在2.76～524.4μg/mL范围内的线性相关系数为0.9991,方法的检出限可达0.11μg/mL.运用本方法对人血清、唾液和尿液等生物样品进行测定并进行加标回收实验,回收率在98.0%～102.5%之间.对11份空白溶液进行平行测定,相对标准差为1.2%.用经典的考马斯亮蓝G-250(CBB)法做了对照实验,两种方法测定结果基本一致.还考察了一些常见离子和有机物存在时对蛋白质测定的影响.本方法已用于血清、唾液和尿样等生物样品中蛋白质总量的快速测定.     

荧光镓-SDS共振瑞利散射法测定蛋白质的研究

在pH 2.21的B-R缓冲溶液中, 蛋白质的加入导致荧光镓共振瑞利散射信号增强, 基于此, 建立了一种测定蛋白质的新方法. 表面活性剂SDS的加入显著提高了体系的灵敏度, 牛血清白蛋白的浓度在0～4.5 μg/mL之间与体系的散射强度呈线性关系, 检出限为8.14 ng/mL. 方法已应用于人血清样品中蛋白质含量的测定. 同时, 利用分光光度法测定了其不同温度下的结合数、结合常数. 利用热力学方程研究发现荧光镓与蛋白质之间的主要作用力为静电引力.     

荧光素-曙红Y能量转移荧光猝灭法测定微量白蛋白研究

在λex/λem=405/547 nm,于缓冲溶液和表面活性剂存在的情况下,荧光素和曙红Y能够发生有效能量转移,而牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的加入使得曙红Y荧光猝灭,该体系可用于微量蛋白质的测定。系统探讨了荧光素-曙红Y能量转移体系发生荧光猝灭的条件,最佳条件为:2.0 mL pH=3.8的B-R缓冲溶液,0.4 mL 0.05%曲拉通X-100,1.5 mL 1.0×10-4mol/L的荧光素水溶液,2.0 mL 1.0×10-4mol/L的曙红Y水溶液,最佳实验时间为溶液配制完成静置15 min后60 min内,最佳加入顺序为pH=3.8缓冲溶液+荧光素+曙红Y+曲拉通+蛋白质标准溶液或样品。在优化的实验条件下,蛋白质含量在0～2.0μg/mL范围内与荧光猝灭强度呈良好的线性关系。检出限为6.6 ng/mL;测定样品的相对标准偏差(RSD)在±5%以内;样品加标回收率为90.4%～95.3%。该法可用于人血清、牛奶中蛋白质含量的测定。     

CdTe量子点同步荧光法测定人血清白蛋白

以巯基乙酸(HS-CH2COOH)为稳定剂,水相中合成了CdTe量子点.在pH 6.40的0.002 mol/L KH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲溶液中,固定波长差为220 nm时一定量蛋白质的加入能明显增强量子点的同步荧光强度,并且荧光峰强度增加值与血清白蛋白浓度间存在良好的线性关系,据此建立了一种高灵敏度的测定微量蛋白质的方法.该方法测定人血清白蛋白的线性范围为0.08～2.80 μg/mL,检出限为0.032 μg/mL,10次重复测定1.80 μg/mL的血清白蛋白相对标准偏差为1.1%,已用于实际样品的测定.     

磺胺嘧啶钠探针分析生物样品中蛋白质含量的研究

在pH 7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,荧光猝灭光谱和三维荧光光谱显示磺胺嘧啶钠(SDS)可与人血清白蛋白(HSA)相互作用,使人血清白蛋白疏水微环境极性以及构象发生变化。考察了Δλ值、反应介质、离子强度等因素对该体系同步荧光光谱特征及强度的影响。在选定的最佳实验条件下,体系的同步荧光强度(ISF)与人血清白蛋白在1.38～276μg/mL的浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9992,从而建立了以磺胺嘧啶钠为分子探针,用固定波长同步荧光光谱分析测定蛋白质的新方法,检测限可达0.48μg/mL。用此方法对生物样品人血清、唾液和尿液中蛋白质含量进行了测定并进行加标回收实验,回收率在95.7%～103.7%之间。本文还用经典的考马斯亮蓝法对样品进行了测定,所得结果和本方法一致。同时还考察了一些常见的共存物质对蛋白质测定的影响。     

导数-同步荧光光谱法同时测定α-萘乙酸和吲哚-3-乙酸

研究了植物生长激素α－萘乙酸和吲哚－3－乙酸混合物体系的导数－同步荧光光谱，提出了混合物体系中两种植物生长激素的荧光光谱同时测定方法。经样品测定，α－萘乙酸和吲哚－3－乙酸检出限分别为0．069μg/mL和0．14μg/mL,平均回收率分别为98．8％和95．7％，相对标准偏差分别为1．6％和3．1％，本方法用于商品萘－吲可湿性粉剂中α－萘乙酸和吲哚－3－乙酸含量的同时测定，结果令人满意。     

酶联免疫吸附分析法测定环境水样中痕量药物吲哚美辛

将吲哚美辛与蛋白质载体结合,制成完全免疫抗原,经过多次动物免疫得到了性能优良的兔抗吲哚美辛抗体,在优化实验条件的基础上,建立了灵敏度高、特异性强、简便、稳定的测定水样中吲哚美辛的酶联免疫吸附分析方法(ELISA).IC50值(标准曲线中吸光度抑制至最大吸光度值的50%时所对应的待测物浓度)为0.09μg/L～0.17 μg/L,最低检出限为 0.005μg/L～0.01 μg/L.真实水样中,均发现含有吲哚美辛,浓度在0.016 μg/L~0.083 μg/L之间,水样的加标回收率在84.4%～127.0%之间.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.