Characteristics of copper HyBrID-type lasers which use HCl reactive gas

We have investigated the output behaviour of a low temperature HyBrID-type copper laser operating with a flowing Ne–HCl reactive gas mixture. 15.5 W of average power was observed from a 19 mm bore device at 23 kHz PRF corresponding to a specific output power of 78 mW/cm3. The output power was 20–30% lower than that of the same device operating with an Ne–HBr mixture; however, it markedly exceeds the output of similar sized elemental copper vapour lasers (with or without hydrogen additive). This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Experimental Study of a 100W Copper Vapor Laser

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Development of a 16 kHz repetition rate, 110 W average power copper HyBrID laser

This paper presents the design and performance analysis of an indigenously developed 110 W average output power copper HyBrID laser operating at 16 kHz pulse repetition rate. The laser active medium was confined within a fused silica tube of ∼6 cm diameter and ∼200 cm active length. An in-house developed high-power (∼10 kW) solidstate pulser was used as the electrical excitation source. A simple estimation of deposited electrical power, at the laser head, was carried out and based on it, the laser tube efficiency was found to be 2.9% at 70 W and 2.2% at 110 W laser power levels.     

Stabilization of high-power copper vapour laser

Design considerations for stable trouble-free operation of a 100 W copper vapour laser are described. Implementation of laser head and modulator design principles result in a laser that meets these goals. The laser is switched by a single small thyratron that operates below all its maximum ratings.     

Enhanced performance of a wide-aperture copper vapour laser with hydrogen additive in neon buffer gas

A wide-aperture copper vapour laser was demonstrated at ∼10 kHz rep-rate with hydrogen additive in its buffer gas. Maximum power in excess of ∼50 W (at 10 kHz) was achieved by adding 1.96% hydrogen to the neon buffer gas at 20 mbar total gas pressure. This increase in output power was about 70% as compared to ∼30 W achieved with pure neon at 5.5 kHz rep-rate. The 70% enhancement achieved was significantly higher than the maximum reported value of 50% so far in the literature. The enhancement was much higher (about 150%) as compared to its 20 W power at 10 kHz rep-rate using pure neon as the standard CVL operation.     

Metal vapour lasers: a review of recent progress

A brief review of metal vapour lasers is presented with an emphasis on the recent progress made in advancing metal vapour laser technology and applications. It is anticipated that new types of metal vapour lasers will be developed which take advantage of recently observed behaviours of high pressure copper vapour lasers. For example, collisional excitation energy transfer may make it possible to develop efficient single wavelength copper vapour lasers at high pressures. Also, use of new discharge schemes such as high power microwave discharges may significantly advance the metal vapour laser technology. A variety of new applications should also be realized in the years to come.Supported in part by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation.     

Investigation of the effects of hydrogen and deuterium on copper vapour laser performance

We report a detailed study of the effects on copper vapour laser performance of the addition of small partial pressures of gaseous hydrogen, deuterium and other trace gases to the neon buffer gas. Increases in output power by typically 30% are observed for a small-scale (6 W) device and the spatial characteristics of the output beam are significantly altered. Increased power deposition due to improved impedance matching is shown to be a minor effect. Instead, the changes to output power and the voltage/current characteristics during the excitation pulse and the interpulse period are attributed primarily to enhanced plasma cooling by elastic interactions resulting in reduced prepulse electron densities.     

约束靶面黑漆涂层对激光冲击波的影响

 介绍了约束靶表面的黑漆涂层对激光冲击波的影响。激光功率密度 10⁹W/cm²量级，脉宽33ns，波长1.06μm。靶材选用两种不同厚度的铜和铝，靶表面用有机玻璃约束。通过对冲击波压力的直接测量发现，涂层不仅可以增加激光冲击波压力，而且还影响冲击波的演化过程。比较有无涂层的靶面SEM照片发现，黑漆涂层能有效地保护激光辐照表面，使之不受激光烧蚀。     

20-W sealed-off CuBr vapour laser excited with modified Blumlein circuit

A sealed-off CuBr vapour laser with the maximal average output laser power of 20 W was fabricated and investigated.     

不同功率密度1064 nm激光辐照下小鼠皮肤热损伤研究

通过实验和理论分析研究1064 nm激光不同输出功率对小鼠皮肤的热损伤规律。利用皮肤镜与光学相干断层成像(OCT)评估小鼠皮肤组织热损伤程度;参考Arrhenius热损伤方程进行理论分析,并与实验结果对比。结果显示,当激光连续辐照时间为400 ms时,激光输出功率密度小于958 W/cm²时,激光辐照处泛红;激光输出功率密度为958～1160 W/cm²时,损伤呈白色水疱状;激光输出功率密度为1160～1370 W/cm²时,损伤呈浅坑状焦黄斑,损伤斑周围伴一圈鼓起的白色皮肤水疱;激光的功率密度在1370～2190 W/cm²,损伤呈红色坑状斑,损伤斑周围伴黑黄色焦痂。     

Characteristics of a copper bromide laser with flowing Ne-HBr buffer gas

The operating characteristics of a small self-heated copper halide laser (=510.6 and 578.2 nm) are described, where the copper lasant atoms are produced by electric-discharge dissociation of copper bromide that is generatedin situ by flowing Ne-HBr gas mixture over copper pieces in the laser tube. The excitation technique permits fast startup (<1 min to laser oscillation from cold), and rapid and simple control of the CuBr vapour pressure, simultaneously introducing H₂ to increase the efficiency. Specific laser output energies and average powers of 12J cm^–3 and 195 mW cm^–3, respectively, are almost a factor of 2 higher than those previously reported in the literature for multi-kilohertz copper bromide lasers. A maximum power of 7.8 W was obtained from the 40 cm³ active region. At its highest efficiency (0.8%) the laser produced 6.1 W.     

Laser capabilities of CuBr mixture excited by RF discharge

Our investigations demonstrated that utilizing copper bromide (CuBr) mixture as a source of Cu atoms in a RF-excited discharge can be a promising alternative to the Cu sputtered system, when the development of Cu ion gas laser is considered. Both spectroscopic and laser investigations showed that the threshold input power for lasing was reduced about 5 times using the CuBr-based system instead of the Cu-sputtered system. Pulsed and CW laser oscillation on Cu⁺ transitions in the near IR spectral region was obtained in RF-excited He-CuBr discharge operated at 13.56 MHz and 27.12 MHz. At input RF power of 800 W, a laser output power of 10 mW at the 780.8 nm Cu ion laser line was achieved. An increase of laser output power by a factor of two, as well as better Cu vapour axial distribution and better discharge stability, was attained when DC discharge was superimposed on the RF discharge. Laser gain on 11 UV Cu ion lines was observed in RF-excited Ne-CuBr discharge. basing on the obtained results, we consider the CuBr laser system excited by RF discharge capable of generating UV laser radiation at relatively low input power. Received 4 January 1999     

High Power 940 nm Al-free Active Region Laser Diodes and Bars with a Broad Waveguide

The 940 nm Al-free active region laser diodes and bars with a broad waveguide were designed and fabricated. The stuctures were grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition. The devices show excellent performances. The maximum output power of 6.7 W in the 100 μm broad-area laser diodes has been measured, and is 2.5 times higher than that in the Al-containing active region laser diodes with a narrow waveguide and 1.7 times higher than that in Al-free active region laser diodes with a narrow waveguide. The 19% fill-factor laser diode bars emit 33 W, and they can operate at 15W with low degradation rates.     

High Power 940 nm Al-free Active Region Laser Diodes and Bars with a Broad Waveguide

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A compact 1.06/1.32/2.94 μm pulsed laser for dentistry

A three-wavelength pulsed laser for dental application is developed. The laser houses the Nd:YAG resonator (1.06/1.32 μm) for soft-tissue treatment and Er:YAG resonator (2.94 μm) for caries removal and fits and fissure treatment. Two heads share the cooling unit and two identical high-voltage power supply modules in order to achieve compactness. The Nd:YAG laser has 10 W at 1.06 μm and 7 W at 1.32 μm with a pulse duration of 100 μs. An Er:YAG laser of 2.94 μm has 3.5 W, 20 Hz and a pulse duration of 250 μs. The beams are delivered through fibers and the laser size is 75×55×32.5 cm.     

532nm连续激光晶化非晶硅薄膜的原位拉曼光谱研究

用磁控溅射制备了非晶硅薄膜,用波长为532 nm的连续激光退火和显微Raman光谱原位测试技术和场发射扫描电子显微镜研究了非晶硅薄膜在不同激光功率密度和不同扫描速度下的晶化状态。结果表明,激光照射时间10 s,激光功率密度大于2.929×105W/cm2时,能实现非晶硅薄膜晶化。在激光功率密度为5.093×105W/cm2,扫描速度为10 mm/s时非晶硅开始向多晶硅转化。在5.093×105W/cm2的功率密度下,以1.0 mm/s的扫描速度退火非晶硅薄膜,得到的晶粒直径为740 nm。     

强激光辐照下光电探测器响应性能的研究

 响应度R是反映探测器性能的一项重要指标,当探测器被强激光损伤后,光电探测器的响应度将发生改变。设计了一套实时测量探测器响应度的装置,用能量逐渐增加的Nd∶YAG激光辐照PIN光电探测器,获得了探测器响应度与入射强激光功率密度的变化关系。从实验数据可知,探测器被功率密度低于7.6×105W/cm2的激光辐照后不会发生损伤,探测器对532nm参考光的响应度不变;当激光的功率密度超过1.27×106W/cm2时,激光辐照后,探测器对532nm参考光的响应度开始下降,当探测器被功率密度为6.01×106W/cm2的激光辐照后,响应度迅速下降,PN结遭到破坏是探测器响应度下降的根本原因,扫描电镜的结果与我们的分析相一致。     

High power operation of a CW 28 μm water vapor laser

This paper describes the best operating conditions and power performance of a CW 28 μm water vapor laser, using a 3 m long discharge in a 3 cm diameter Pyrex glass tube. The laser cavity is a half symmetric conventional Fabry-Perot resonator, the plane mirror of which is a metal mesh used as an output coupler. The addition of a large amount of hydrogen to the water vapor leads to the production of high power laser emission. This laser delivers 230 mW of continuous output at 28 μm, corresponding to a volumetric power of 102 μW/cm³, the highest value ever reported.     

Continuous-wave laser operation of Yb:LuVO4

We report on the room-temperature spectroscopic properties and continuous-wave laser operation of a new Yb:LuVO4 crystal. The peak absorption cross section for the pi-polarization is 8.42 x 10(-20) cm2 at 985 nm, and the stimulated emission cross section at 1020 nm is 1.03 x 10(-20) cm2. An output power of 0.36 W at 1041 nm was obtained with a slope efficiency of 47% by use of Ti:sapphire laser pumping. With diode pumping the output power reached 1.05 W at the highest available incident pump power of 6.8 W.     

A tunnel regenerated coupled multi-active-region large optical cavity laser with a high quality beam

A novel coupled multi-active-region large optical cavity structure cascaded by a tunnel junction is proposed to solve the problems of facet catastrophic optical damage (COD) and the large vertical divergence caused by the thin emitting area in conventional laser diodes. For a laser with three active regions, a slope efficiency as high as 1.49 W/A, a vertical divergence angle of 17.4 , and a threshold current density of 271 A/cm 2 are achieved. By optimizing the structural parameters, the beam quality is greatly improved, and the level of the COD power increases by more than two times compared with that of the conventional laser.