万有引力与重力及其势能的联系与区别

本文将重点讨论有关万有引力与重力的两方面问题：一是澄清万有引力与重力的区别与联系,二是讨论引力势能与重力势能形式不同的物理原因,并从数学上严格给出这两种势能表现形式的内在一致性．     

物理学习向能力转化的分析与研究

物理学习的内容不包括能力，但培养能力却是物理教学的首要目标和任务．那么在物理教学中能力是怎样发展的呢?能力发展的主渠道是物理知识向能力转化．本文先简述物理知识与能力的关系，然后提出由物理知识向能力转化的途径，分析其理论根据及内涵，为培养能力奠定理论基础．     

小议物理阅读能力的培养

物理阅读能力是指学生通过阅读物理资料，获取物理知识，并应用这些知识解决物理问题的能力．在近几年的高考物理试卷中，由于试卷长度的增加和信息给予题的大量使用（约占试题总量的35％），对学生物理阅读能力的要求越来越高．那么，如何培养和提高学生的物理阅读能力呢？本文就课前、课堂、课后三个环节谈谈自己在培养和提高学生物理阅读能力方面的一些做法．     

关于物理学科语言与学习能力培养问题的探究

在教学中，经常会听到学生说“物理难学”．教学之余，笔者也经常反思“为什么学生感觉物理难学”．经过长时间的思考与多年的探究，笔者认为物理难学的根本原因是：在物理教学中，学生未能明确和掌握物理学的语言，没能有效培养起学生运用物理学语言的能力，从而影响了学生对解决物理问题的方法和能力的掌握与提高．因此，在物理教学过程中，明确和掌握物理学语言，     

谈高职物理教学与素质教育

变应试教育为素质教育，是当前不可阻挡的潮流；在教学中必须注重学生能力的培养，已成为老师们的共识．然而，能力培养的关键何在？在日常物理教学中如何进行能力的培养？对于这些问题，不同的教师有不同的看法．本文想就执教新版高职物理教材《技术物理基础》（教育部高职高专规划教材，主编：陈永涛，华东师范大学出版社出版，下称新版教材）时的一些体会谈谈笔者对在物理教学中进行素质教育这一问题的一些看法．     

数学在物理中的应用

数学是研究物理学的有力工具，不论是物理实验的测量和计算，物理概念和规律的表达，还是习题求解等，都离不开数学的应用．但是，数学只是工具．作为工具用的数学必须与物理现象的内容统一，而且还受到具体的物理条件的制约，所以运用数学解决物理问题的能力培养必须充分考虑到物理学科的特点。     

几个适宜学生在家中做的物理实验

物理学是一门以实验为基础的科学，大多数物理规律、物理概念都是建立在实验的基础上的，因此，实验教学就成为物理教学过程中重要的一环．若能引导学生利用自己身边的现有器材和用具做一些物理实验，不但可以加深学生对物理概念、物理规律的理解，对培养学生的动手能力、自学能力以及创造能力也是极有益处的．下面介绍几个适宜学生自己在家中做的物理实验．     

从复习课谈我对物理教学的一些想法

长期以来物理教学把大部分精力集中于丰富学生的物理知识，提高解题能力，提高分数上随着时代的前进，提高学生的动手能力成为物理教学中的又一重点，而对语言表达能力、逻辑思维能力、组织能力等等的培养似乎在物理课堂上还没有很好的体现．不少人认为，提高口头表达能力，是语文老师的事；要讲严密的逻辑思维就应该找数学老师；而组织能力等则要须在文体活动中培养．事实上，各种能力，     

深化概念教学加强能力培养

面对职教院校学生基础知识薄弱，学习中不善于从物理概念出发，又不重视物理过程分析，忽视物理概念和规律的深刻理解等现象．如何加强能力培养已成为物理教学中急待解决的问题．通过多年的教学尝试和总结，我认为加强习题课教学是促使学生掌握基础知识和培养学生开启思路增强能力的重要方法．     

用能量守恒观点分析和解答物理问题

能量守恒与转化定律是自然界中最基本和最普遍的规律之一．运用能量守恒的观点分析物体的运动与相互作用规律，是物理学中常用的研究问题的一种重要方法．在力学、热学、电磁学、光学以及原子物理学中，都会涉及一些用能量观点分析和解决的物理问题．此类问题需要学生有较高思维起点，以及对物理过程进行全面、深入分析的能力，是历年中学生物理竞赛中考查学生能力的好素材．本文通过对几道全国物理竞赛试题的解析，探讨能量守恒与转化定律在物理解题中的应用．     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...