应用正电子湮没技术研究多晶形变镍中氢和缺陷的互作用

本文采用正电子湮没的多普勒展宽方法,研究冷轧形变镍中阴极充氢后氢与缺陷的互作用行为。实验结果表明:冷轧镍电解充氢以后其S参数显著上升,S参数上升量的大小取决于试样内部的空位浓度,与位错密度的大小关系不大。由此提出氢与空位互作用形成以氢为核心的空位团的机制,解释了实验中观察到的现象。     

形变充氢多晶纯钴中缺陷的正电子湮没研究

用正电子寿命和多普勒线形参数测量技术,研究了形变和形变充氢多晶钴试样的缺陷性质及其回复行为。观察到形变样品阴极充氢后,氢致缺陷为一定量的位错和空位以及少量的空位团。没有观察到微空洞和微裂纹的产生。单空位的回复温度范围为73—260℃,位错和空位团的退火发生在350—670℃温度范围。测得空位的迁移激活能为E_v^m=1.09±0.07eV。 关键词：     

AA 2037新型连铸铝合金热轧板退火的正电子湮没研究

应用正电子湮没等技术对AA 2037连铸铝合金热轧板不同温度退火下空位-溶质相互作用及沉淀相进行了研究， 研究表明：室温时效形成的主要是空位-铜复合体以及空位-镁-铜复合体；温度为200℃退火时由于过渡相的形成正电子平均寿命出现峰值，符合多普勒展宽谱的商谱中观察到锰信号的存在，表明形成了空位-镁-锰复合体或过渡相中可能存在锰；温度高于250℃时，随着过渡相变粗、溶解，锰信号消失，而铜信号增强，在350℃后铜信号达到饱和，温度为450℃左右时，稳定相形成. 关键词： 正电子湮没技术 空位-溶质复合体 沉淀 退火     

Fe-Ni合金马氏体相变缺陷的正电子湮没研究

本文中用正电子湮没技术研究了Fe-Ni系合金的马氏体相变。实验结果表明,含镍量28.22—31.30wt％的六种退火态合金,正相变后,产生了大量的缺陷,使正电子湮没平均寿命及多普勒加宽线型参数S值分别约增加30％和20％。对28.93wt％Ni和31.30wt％Ni两种马氏体亚结构不同的合金,观测了正电子湮没参数与处理温度之间的关系,发现:缺陷主要产生在爆发马氏体形成阶段;在等时退火曲线上形成两个明显的台阶,是由于空位和位错恢复引起的。 关键词：     

充氚不锈钢中氦行为的实验研究

对充氚和未充氚的抗氢-2不锈钢(HR-2)样品进行退火处理,利用正电子湮没寿命谱技术以及金相检验技术探讨不锈钢中氦和微缺陷的相互作用行为.未充氚样品中,影响正电子寿命值的主要因素为杂质元素在晶界的析出.充氚样品实验中,退火温度小于300℃时,正电子寿命值的增加说明了氦泡的形成过程为非热形成,通过“冲出位错环”机制形成及长大;退火温度在300~600℃之间,充氚样品正电子寿命值的降低以及He的跃迁概率的计算结果,说明He原子通过热迁移至晶界;退火温度大于600℃时,热平衡空位浓度的计算结果以及正电子寿命值的增加说明热平衡空位开始发挥作用.     

Hg1-xCdxTe晶体缺陷的正电子湮没寿命

利用正电子(e⁺)湮没寿命谱实验研究了Hg_1-xCd_xTe晶体样品的空位缺陷.碲溶剂法生长的样品，不论是n型导电还是p型导电都存在大量的Hg空位.经过合适的退火工艺，p型材料转为n型，同时对正电子的俘获效应减小，表现为正电子湮没平均寿命值减小14—17ps.若退火温度高于350℃，正电子湮没寿命值又增大，表明Hg空位浓度增加.得到HgCdTe中正电子的体寿命为τ_b=272ps.根据正电子湮没寿命和电参数的测量结果，得出 关键词：     

La0.7Ca0.3MnO3超大磁电阻材料正电子湮没研究

对La0.7Ca0.3MnO3材料样品在77K至室温范围的一系列温度, 测量了正电子寿命谱和多普勒展宽谱.结果表明在居里温度附近正电子平均寿命和多普勒线形参数S出现明显变化, 反映了此类化合物晶格结构的不稳定性.本文对此进行了讨论.     

用正电子湮没技术研究纯镍多晶体疲劳过程中的晶体缺陷

对充分退火纯镍多晶体样品分组进行了恒应变幅拉-压疲劳试验和冷轧形变后,测量了正电子湮没参数;并选少数疲劳试样进行了电子显微镜薄膜衍射象观察。用多指数拟合方法从疲劳试样的正电子湮没寿命谱中分解出与正电子在小空位团中湮没相应的成份。这些寿命值在不同疲劳阶段分别平均为209,255和>300ps。其相对强度的变化与小空位团浓度增加然后尺寸增大的趋势相符合。从而,本文根据正电子湮没技术提供了纯镍多晶体疲劳过程中除大量位错外空位聚集的实验证据。利用简单三态正电子捕获模型估算了上述缺陷浓度。本工作还提供了用多指数拟合方法分解复杂寿命谱和用于简单三态捕获模型的例证。 关键词：     

用正电子湮没技术研究形变铁的恢复

本文介绍应用正电子湮没寿命和多普勒加宽方法研究60％形变铁等时退火各阶段中缺陷的恢复行为,实验结果说明正电子湮没平均寿命τ及多普勒加宽的S参数都是退火温度的函数,完整晶体中湮没寿命τ_f=111±lPS,缺陷中湮没寿命τ_d=162±lps,本文还根据捕获模型计算了正电子的捕获速率及τ₁,结果证明与理论预期的完全一致,经计算得出捕获正电于的相对缺陷浓度的范围为10^-7-10^-4数量级。 关键词：     

高温超导外延薄膜YBa2Cu3O7—x中的空位型缺陷

用正电子寿命技术研究了高温超导外延薄膜ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－ｘ中空位型缺陷的性质．结果表明，空位缺陷的类型与沉积条件无关，缺陷浓度随空气分压的增加或衬底温度的降低而增加．正电子平均寿命的温度依赖关系测量结果指出，当温度在室温以上时，几乎所有的正电子都逃逸出浅捕获中心；当温度高于３７５Ｋ时，必须考虑其退火效应．     

Photodielectric effect in thin-film structures of the poly[NiSalen] metallopolymer

This paper reports on the results of investigations of the temperature-frequency dispersion and the kinetics of photodielectric response in metallopolymer structures containing divalent nickel, which have been prepared through electrochemical polymerization. It has been demonstrated that the photodielectric effect observed in the samples under investigation is integral in character due to photoconduction stimulated by light-induced transitions of electrons to the antibonding orbital in the system of π-bonds of the polymer and owing to additional polarization of the nitrogen-containing coordination site of the monomer.     

Spectroscopic characterization, conductivity and relaxation anomalies in the Li2O-MgO-B2O3 glass system: Effect of nickel ions

Glass samples of the system, Li₂O-MgO-B₂O₃ containing different concentrations of nickel oxide (ranging from 0 to 1.0 mol%) were prepared by using the melt quenching technique. The optical absorption studies indicate that the nickel ions occupy both tetrahedral and octahedral positions in the glass network. However, the octahedral positions seem to be dominant when the concentration of nickel oxide is ?0.4 mol% in the glass matrix. When in the octahedral positions, nickel ions occupy the network modifying positions. This has a tremendous effect on the thermoluminescence, electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility studies. Electrical measurements were carried out as a function of frequency and temperature over the frequency range of 10-10⁶ Hz and a temperature range of 303-523 K. The electric modulus formalism was applied to study the relaxation behavior by using the impedance data for all the samples at 403 K, and also for analyzing the relaxation behavior of the highest conducting sample (0.4 mol% of nickel oxide) at different temperatures. An attempt has been made to relate the measured properties to the structural modifications in the glass network due to the modifying effect of octahedral Ni²⁺ ions.     

Synthesis and investigation of the structure of nanocomposites based on nickel nanoparticles dispersed in a phthalocyanine matrix

A method based on doping of pure nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) with a polycrystalline potassium powder at relatively low temperatures (300°C) has been proposed for the synthesis of a magnetic nanocomposite containing nickel nanoparticles stabilized in the NiPc matrix. The structural analysis of the synthesized nanoparticles and changes in the NiPc initial matrix has been performed using X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It has been found that, at the doping level used in this study, the synthesized samples of the K_xNiPc nanocomposites contain from 9 to 18% Ni in the form of metallic magnetic nanoparticles with an average size of more than 40 nm. It has been shown that the formation of nanoparticles is accompanied by a relative misorientation of persistent NiPc molecules with the unchanged structure of each of these molecules. The stabilization of nickel nanoparticles by the phthalocyanine matrix leads to the fact that the synthesized nanocomposites acquire time-conserving magnetic properties.     

Nickel-induced magnetic behaviour of nano-structured α-Fe2O3, synthesised by facile wet chemical route

We report the synthesis of pristine and nickel containing iron oxide (α-Fe₂O₃) nanocrystallites by facile environmentally benign wet chemical process. The magnetic behaviour of the samples has been found to change progressively with nickel content. The Mössbauer spectra revealed the precipitation of secondary phase of nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄) at ～2?wt% nickel contents. The transmission electron micrographs together with asymmetric magnetic hysteresis loop have confirmed the formation of core–shell structure. The Morin temperature of nanostructured α-Fe₂O₃ as estimated by superconducting quantum interference device has been found to be 257, 245, 247 and 242?K at nickel content of 0, 1, 2 and 4?wt%, respectively. The similar trends of increase/decrease in Morin temperature have been noticed by Mössbauer analysis. Furthermore, below Morin temperature, the temperature range of coexisted antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states has been found to increase with increase in nickel content.     

On the reduction of nickel oxide

During the preparation of thin samples of nickel oxide by ion-beam milling, it has been found that preferential removal of oxygen can occur to such an extent that islands of nickel metal form on the surface. The nickel islands are found to be aligned topotacticly with the oxide and the results are compared with other studies of the early stages of the reduction of nickel oxide. The shape of the islands is explained in terms of misfit dislocations which can accommodate the strain; the growth of the islands occurs by generation and climb of the misfit dislocations.     

Paramagnetic resonance of nickel doped ZnS and CdS crystals

EPR measurements were carried out on nickel doped ZnS and CdS crystals at 4.2°K and 9.3 Gc/sec. In ZnS crystals the isotropic line corresponding to the naturally occuring nickel isotopes ⁵⁸Ni and ⁶⁰Ni is significantly narrower than previously reported. The single line attributed to natural nickel has been observed in CdS crystals. The hyperfine structure has been studied on samples enriched in ⁶¹Ni. The angular dependence has been thoroughly investigated.     

The role of nickel addition and annealing temperature on ion storage performance of nanostructured nickel ferrite thin films

The sol–gel spin-coated nickel ferrite (NF), NiFe₂O₄, thin films were synthesised and the effect of annealing temperature and compositional ratio on different properties of samples were investigated. Electrochemical performance of the films was measured in the presence of KOH and LiClO₄/PC electrolyte. Generally, addition of nickel increases the current density. The NF thin films with molar ratio of 0.5 and annealed at 400 °C have the highest charge density value and the highest capacitance in both electrolytes. Annealing temperature had significant effect on electrochemical properties of NF thin films and the diffusion coefficient enhanced by increasing the annealing temperature. X-ray diffraction patterns of prepared samples showed the rhombohedral structure, hematite phase (α-Fe₂O₃), of iron oxide sample and the presence of inverse spinel structure confirms the formation of NF. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the morphology of films changes from larvae shape to granular structure by nickel incorporation and the grain size increased by raising the annealing temperature. The absorption edge of the hematite shift to higher wavelength by annealing and nickel incorporation and band gap narrowing has been occurred.     

Synthesis and magnetic characterization of nickel ferrite nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation route

Magnetic nanoparticles of nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄) have been synthesized by co-precipitation route using stable ferric and nickel salts with sodium hydroxide as the precipitating agent and oleic acid as the surfactant. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses confirmed the formation of single-phase nickel ferrite nanoparticles in the range 8-28 nm depending upon the annealing temperature of the samples during the synthesis. The size of the particles (d) was observed to be increasing linearly with annealing temperature of the sample while the coercivity with particle size goes through a maximum, peaking at ∼11 nm and then decreases for larger particles. Typical blocking effects were observed below ∼225 K for all the prepared samples. The superparamagnetic blocking temperature (T_B) was found to be increasing with increasing particle size that has been attributed to the increased effective anisotropy energy of the nanoparticles. The saturation moment of all the samples was found much below the bulk value of nickel ferrite that has been attributed to the disordered surface spins or dead/inert layer in these nanoparticles.     

Influence of nickel on 475°C embrittlement of Fe−Cr−Ni alloys: Mössbauer effect study

The phenomenon of “475°C embrittlement” of Fe?Cr?Ni alloys with Fe/Cr ratios of 2.7 and 1.05, containing 0.2 and 4 at.% Ni, has been investigated using the Mössbauer effect and hardness measurements. The results show that the addition of nickel to Fe-xCr alloys (x=25 and 45 at.%) increases the transformation rate notoriously in the first hours of aging, the effect of this element being more important for alloys with Fe/Cr=1.05.     

B掺杂对Ni原子溅射产额的影响

用卢瑟福背散射技术研究了Ni基体中掺B对离子溅射产额的影响。实验结果发现掺B后Ni原子的溅射产额Y比未掺B的纯Ni样品有明显减少。虽然这种溅射产额差值ΔY与Painter和Averill(P-A)理论模型分析结果定性符合,但实验产额减小值却大于P-A模型的预言。为解释实验结果,注意到溅射靶点表面形貌对减小或增大溅射产额的明显作用,认为实际的产额减小很可能是由于结合能和表面形貌等因素的协同效应。 关键词：