微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时检测大米中的6种重金属元素

采用微波消解技术,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定大米中Pb,Cd,As,Tl,Cr和V6种重金属元素的方法。完善了样品前处理条件,优化了仪器工作参数,并选取115In,209Bi和45Sc作为内标元素,有效地克服了基体效应和仪器波动的影响。在最优的实验条件下,方法的检出限为0.067~27.5ng/L,测定元素的标准曲线相关系数均大于0.999。方法经国家一级植物标准物质验证,结果与推荐值相符。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定染料中10种重金属元素

建立了测定染料中10种重金属元素的微波消解电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)法。比较了不同样品的消解方法,并确定了消解的最佳方法和条件;优化了仪器工作条件,选择出被测元素的最佳分析谱线,合理地进行了背景扣除;各元素的检出限以及加标回收率分别为0.0024～11.42mg/kg、83.3%～110%。该方法与标准方法中的原子吸收相比,缩短了分析时间,提高了检测效率。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定无定形硼粉中的镁元素

提出了使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定无定形硼粉中Mg元素的分析方法。采用硝酸、盐酸溶解样品,用硝酸和盐酸的混合酸作为测定介质,在选定的仪器条件下直接测定。Mg元素的测定检出限为0.0044μg/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.49％～0.60％,样品加标回收率在94.0％～102.0％之间。经对比试验证明,本方法测定值与美国军用标准重量法测定值一致。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定高纯氧化铒中稀土杂质

从同位素的选择、基体效应,内标元素的选择及仪器工作条件等方面对实验参数进行了优化,重点研究了等离子体功率及仪器分辨率的改变对铒基体所形成的氢化物多原子离子干扰的影响。通过提高等离子体功率、改变仪器分辨率及数学方程校正等方法,减少和剔除了ErH对Ho和Tm测定的干扰。实验中选取Cs为内标元素,测定了不同含量的高纯氧化铒样品。分析结果与标准加入法结果进行了比较,之间无显著性差异。     

智能石墨消解–ICP–MS法测定空气PM2.5中的Pb和Cd

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP–MS)测定空气PM2.5中的Pb和Cd元素的分析方法。采用连续β射线–DHS PM2.5大气颗粒物浓度监测仪采集空气中的PM2.5,以智能石墨消解PM2.5滤膜样品,ICP–MS测定其中的Pb和Cd元素含量。在优化的仪器条件下,元素Pb和Cd标准曲线的线性相关系数均为0.999 9,检出限分别为0.018,0.52ng/m3,满足HJ 657–2013的要求。Pb和Cd的加标回收率分别为95.8%~101.4%,99.3%~104.9%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为4.20%和2.38%(n=6)。对滤膜标准样品进行了测定,测定结果与标准值一致。该方法测定结果准确、可靠,可用于测定空气PM2.5中的Pb和Cd。     

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定铁锰氧化态中57种元素

元素活动态分析作为深穿透地球化学的新方法,得到了广泛的应用。将ELEMENT XR型高分辨率等离子体质谱(HR-ICP-MS)法引入元素活动态的分析中,具有动态线性范围宽(10-12~1012)和灵敏度高的特点,使可同时测定的元素拓展至57种,大大提高了工作效率。根据实验结果结合响应面分析法,对HR-ICP-MS的主要仪器条件辅助气流量、雾化气流量和采样深度等进行了优化,确定了仪器的最佳测定条件;对铁锰氧化态的提取条件进行了系统研究:分别考察了提取时间、液固比、离心转速、提取液放置时间对提取效果的影响,确定了最佳提取条件,提取时间为24 h,液固比为15∶1,离心转速4000 r/min;在最优的测定条件和提取条件下,建立了HR-ICP-MS对铁锰氧化物结合相中57种元素的分析方法,得到了各元素的方法检出限和方法精密度,微量和痕量元素的方法检出限达到了10-9(ng/g),主量元素的检出限为10-6(mg/kg)水平,精密度为2.3%~32.5%,完全满足当前元素活动态的分析测试需要。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定无定形硼粉中的镁

提出了使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定Mg元素的方法。采用硝酸、盐酸溶解样品,用硝酸和盐酸的混合酸作为测定介质,在选定的仪器条件下直接测定Mg元素的检出限为0.0044μg/mL,相对标准偏差RSD(n=6)为0.49%～0.60%,样品加标回收率在94.0%～102.0%之间。经对比试验证明,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定无定形硼粉中Mg的测定值与美国军用标准重量法测定值一致。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定中低合金钢中的各元素

通过对标准样品和仪器条件的选择,元素条件及组条件的编辑、回归分析、工作曲线的制作、准确度和精密度的试验,建立了X射线荧光光谱法测定中低合金钢中Si、Mn、Cr、Ni、Mo、V、W、Ti、Cu和P元素质量分数的分析方法。方法的精密度和准确度满足国家标准要求。     

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定铁锰氧化态中57种元素

元素活动态分析作为深穿透地球化学的新方法,得到了广泛的应用。将ELEMENT XR型高分辨率等离子体质谱(HR-ICP-MS)法引入元素活动态的分析中,具有动态线性范围宽(10-12～1012)和灵敏度高的特点,使可同时测定的元素拓展至57种,大大提高了工作效率。根据实验结果结合响应面分析法,对HR-ICP-MS的主要仪器条件辅助气流量、雾化气流量和采样深度等进行了优化,确定了仪器的最佳测定条件;对铁锰氧化态的提取条件进行了系统研究:分别考察了提取时间、液固比、离心转速、提取液放置时间对提取效果的影响,确定了最佳提取条件,提取时间为24h,液固比为15∶1,离心转速4 000r/min;在最优的测定条件和提取条件下,建立了HR-ICP-MS对铁锰氧化物结合相中57种元素的分析方法,得到了各元素的方法检出限和方法精密度,微量和痕量元素的方法检出限达到了10-9(ng/g),主量元素的检出限为10-6(mg/kg)水平,精密度为2.3%～32.5%,完全满足当前元素活动态的分析测试需要。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定香精香料中的硼元素

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定香精香料中硼元素的含量。对微波消解样品前处理条件和仪器参数进行了优化,该方法硼元素检出限为1.005 ng/mL、平均回收率为106.1%、精密度为6.15%(n=5),并用茶叶国家标准物质(GBW10016)对分析方法进行了校准。该方法适合于香精香料中硼元素的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.