电感耦合等离子体质谱法对GSS系列土壤及沉积物标准物质中多种元素的定值

介绍对10种GSS系列土壤及沉积物标准物质中多种元素进行定值的方法和结果，采用模拟土壤元素天然组成比值的校正溶液，对元素间的基体干扰具有明显的抑制作用，利用115In-103Rh双内标元素校正系统，可有效地抑制分析信号的动态漂移，建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法对土壤及沉积物标准的物质中多种元素定值的方法，用该方法对GSS－4，GSS－5，GSS－8及GSD－9共4种土壤标准物质进行测定，绝大部分元素的测定结果与标准值的相对误差小于10％，相对标准偏差小于10％，对GSS－10－GSS－16，AMS－1，BEM及DMS－1共10种土壤及沉积物待定值标准物质进行定值，绝大部分元素测定结果的相对标准偏差小于10％。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅锌矿区土壤中微量元素

铅锌矿区土壤样品经高压密闭消解罐消解处理,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定其中铬、砷、镉、镍、铜、锰、锌、钴和铅等9种微量元素的含量。通过加入盐酸降低硫对铜测定的干扰,运用干扰方程校正光谱干扰,用内标校正消除基体影响。砷的检出限(3s)为1×10-4mg·g-1,其余8种元素的检出限(3s)均为1×10-5mg·g-1。9种元素的回收率在90.1%~109.1%之间。方法用于土壤标准物质(GBW 07401、GBW 07404、GBW 07406)分析,测试结果与标准值相吻合。     

压片制样-波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中主、次及微量元素

针对土壤和沉积物中主、次及微量元素的准确高效检测要求,基于压片制样-波长色散X射线荧光光谱测定技术,采用42种土壤和沉积物标准物质作为校准标样,建立了土壤和沉积物中22种元素成分的同时测定方法。重点研究了压片制样技术存在的矿物效应和粒度效应,考察了测定次数对氯含量检测结果的影响,优化了各元素成分的测试条件,探讨了基体校应及谱线重叠干扰校正等问题。采用软件提供的多元线性回归分析模型建立了各元素分析的校准曲线,基于3倍背景信号波动的标准偏差计算出各元素的检出限范围为0.3 mg/kg~433.4 mg/kg。准确度试验结果表明土壤（GBW07403a、GBW07450）和水系沉积物（GBW07384）的测试结果与标示值基本一致。针对三个不同含量水平土壤样品的精密度试验（RSD,n=12）结果表明,各元素测定结果相对标准偏差分别在0.13%~9.06%、0.00%~9.26%和0.18%~8.26%。因此,本研究进一步明确了土壤和沉积物X射线荧光光谱测定的关键条件,方法的检出限、准确度及重复性等满足日常分析检测要求,对实验室土壤检测工作具有指导意义。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测土壤中16种稀土元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定土壤样品中16种稀土元素的分析方法。样品经硝酸-过氧化氢-氢氟酸消解,直接用ICP-MS测定试液中16种稀土元素。研究了ng/mL水平的Ba氧化物及轻稀土氧化物对重稀土元素的干扰程度,其中Ba和Pr的氧化物干扰较严重,不过此类干扰可通过Method编辑干扰方程得以校正。测定土壤标准物质GBW07446及GBW07451,结果与标准物质证书值一致。     

Analysis of 20 Elements in Serum from Blood Donors by ICP

用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP－MS）测定献血员血清中20种元素,采用多元素内标法校正基体效应引起的系统误差,加入内标元素Sc、In和Tl分别校正质量数<100、100～180和>180的元素测定,用牛血清标样GBW09131为质控标准物质,检验方法的可靠性。测定了献血组和健康对照组血清中微量元素含量,进行数理统计,检验其差异性。     

混酸分解-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定地质样品中铌钽锂铍铷钨

地质样品中的铌、钽、锂、铍、铷、钨元素含量相差大,且同一样品中各元素含量差异也较大。如在原矿中的含量只有几十至几百μg/g,而在精矿中的含量则达到了百分之几至百分之几十,高含量样品中的铌钽元素在强酸性溶液中不稳定,极易水解,准确测定这些元素需要多种方法,分析过程繁琐。传统的分析方法过程复杂、难以实现同时测定多种元素。通过考察分解体系酸的用量选择、提取剂的选择、提取剂用量的选择、测定内标元素的选择,建立了混酸分解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中铌、钽、锂、铍、铷、钨元素的测定方法。本文采用氢氟酸-硝酸-盐酸-高氯酸-硫酸分解样品,用3～4滴氢氟酸+ 5 %硫酸+ 5 %过氧化氢萃取体系代替常规有机酸(酒石酸等。)萃取体系。采用ICP -MS同时测定各含量段地质中铌、钽、锂、铍、铷、钨的不同含量。采用该方法测定国家一级标准物质 GBW07155、GBW07153 、GBW07185,结果表明,各元素的检测结果与认定值无显著性误差,精密度RSD（n=6）0.45%～4.05%,准确度?lgC （n=6）在-0.008%～0.009%之间,适用于地质样品中的铌、钽、锂、铍、铷、钨元素的测定。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定稻谷中铬、镍、铜、砷、镉、铅的含量

通过对测定元素质量数和内标元素的选择,并对存在的干扰进行校正,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定大米中铬、镍、铜、砷、镉、铅的含量。各元素测定值的相对标准偏差RSD(n=6)在0.61%～2.2%,加标回收率在92.8%～108%。用来测定标准物质GBW 10011、GBW10022、GBW(E)100348、GBW(E)100361,各元素的测定值与标准值一致,能够满足大米中重金属元素的测定要求。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤矿质全量元素

针对压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤矿质全量元素存在的问题,建立了熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)测定土壤矿质全量元素Si、Mg、Fe、Al、Ca、K、Na、P、Mn、Ti含量的方法。为了防止在熔片过程中出现大量气泡,实验称取土壤样品,选择Li2B4O7-LiBO2-H3BO3(m:m:m =45:10:5)混合熔剂,稀释比为10:1,5滴400 g/L LiBr溶液做脱模剂,升温到1050 ℃熔融9 min,助熔剂中H3BO3促使土壤中CaCO3、MgCO3快速反应,迅速释放出CO2,制备出流动性好、无气泡的玻璃样品。选择土壤成分分析标准物质、岩石成分分析标准物质、水系沉积物成分分析标准物质等进行互配,采用基本参数法校正基体效应后,建立校准曲线。方法的检出限为6.71～257 μg/g,测定结果相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)0.12%～0.51%。采用实验方法对土壤国家有证标准物质GBW07466、GBW07544、GBW07555进行分析,测定结果与认定值相符。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定石膏中11种元素的含量

采用X射线荧光光谱法测定石膏中钠、镁、铝、硅、硫、钾、钙、钛、锰、铁、锶等11种元素的含量。样品研磨30s后压片,样片用于X射线荧光光谱分析。以GBW 03109、GBW 03110、GBW 03111、GBW 03109a、GBW 03111a、GSB 08-1352-2001、GSB 08-1352-2006、GSB 08-1352-2009等8种标准物质为基础制作校准曲线,优化了各元素的基体校正数学模型。各元素的检出限在0.001 4%~0.27%之间。对同一石膏样品平行测定10次,其相对标准偏差(n=10)在0.51%~4.0%之间。方法用于3个石膏样品的分析,所得结果与国家标准方法测定结果相符。     

盐酸浸提-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定烟草中的多元素

研究了用5mol/L盐酸煮沸提取烟叶中的部分金属元素，用ICP－AES测定浸提液，K、Ca、Mg、Cu、B、Ba、Zn获得了较满意的结果，P、Fe、Mn的测定结果稍微偏低。此方法操作简便、快速安全，特别适合大批量烟草样的快速检测。与硝酸－高氯酸湿消化法进行对照，结果吻合得较好。并测定了国家烟草标准样品GBW08514和GBW08515，其结果与标准值相符。     

玻璃标样结合硫内标归一定量技术在激光剥蚀-等离子体质谱分析硫化物矿物中的应用

以硬石膏矿物标样中Ca相对于S的灵敏度因子为基准,将玻璃标样中主量和痕量元素相对于Ca的灵敏度因子转换成元素相对于S的灵敏度因子,建立了多玻璃标样结合硫内标归一定量技术分析硫化物单矿物多元素的新方法。利用本方法分析了美国合成多金属硫化物矿物标样MASS-1中20种元素,主量元素分析结果的相对误差小于10%,痕量元素分析结果几乎都落在给定值±不确定度范围内。利用本方法对12个硫化物单矿物分析结果表明,绝大多数主量元素含量测定值的相对误差小于10%,且多数主量元素甚至优于以MASS-1为外标、内标归一定量法及内标校准法分析结果,而痕量元素与MASS-1校准结果较为一致。本方法克服了基体不匹配的问题,能比较准确地定量分析硫化物矿物中的主成分S,可用于定量校准硫化物矿物。     

粉末压饼LA-ICP-MS测定土壤样品中微量元素

研究了采用粉末压饼制样LA-ICP-MS测定土壤样品中多元素的分析方法.在土壤样品中事先加入已知含量的In,并以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)为粘合剂,在200 KN的压力下制备用于激光剥蚀的压饼.详细讨论了粉末压饼样品中元素的均一性及元素相对信号响应.所建立的方法用于土壤标准参考物质固体样品的直接分析,测定值与参考值具有较好的一致性.     

Determination of trace elements in zeolites by laser ablation ICP-MS

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using a quadrupole-based mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-QMS) was applied for the analysis of powdered zeolites (microporous aluminosilicates) used for clean-up procedures. For the quantitative determination of trace element concentrations three geological reference materials, granite NIM-G, lujavrite NIM-L and syenite NIM-S, from the National Institute for Metallurgy (South Africa) with a matrix composition corresponding to the zeolites were employed. Both the zeolites and reference materials were fused with a lithium borate mixture to increase the homogeneity and to eliminate mineralogical effects. In order to compare two different approaches for the quantification of analytical results in LA-ICP-MS relative sensitivity coefficients (RSCs) of chemical elements and calibration curves were measured using the geostandards. The experimentally obtained RSCs are in the range of 0.2-6 for all elements of interest. Calibration curves for trace elements were measured without and with Li or Ti as internal standard element. With a few exceptions the regression coefficients of the calibration curves are better than 0.993 with internal standardization. NIM-G granite reference material was employed to evaluate the accuracy of the technique. Therefore, the measured concentrations were corrected with RSCs which were determined using lujavrite reference material NIM-L. This quantification method provided analytical results with deviations of 1-11% from the recommended and proposed values in granite reference material NIM-G, except for Co, Cs, La and Tb. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the determination of the trace element concentration (n = 5) is about 1% to 6% using Ti as internal standard element. Detection limits of LA-ICP-QMS in the lower microg/g range (from 0.03 microg/g for Lu, Ta and Th to 7.3 microg/g for Cu, with the exception of La) have been achieved for all elements of interest. Under the laser ablation conditions employed (lambda: 266 nm, repetition frequency: 10 Hz, pulse energy: 10 mJ, laser power density: 6 x 10(9) W/cm2) fractionation effects of the determined elements relative to the internal standard element Ti were not observed.     

Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Trace Elements in Geological Glasses

 Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used as a powerful multielement analytical method for trace analysis of geological glasses which are useful as reference materials for geochemical in-situ microanalytical work. The quantification of the analytical results was carried out using the BCR-2G and NIST 612 glass standard reference material (SRM). The experimentally determined relative sensitivity coefficients (RSC) for both SRMs vary between 0.2 and 3 for most of the elements, with increasing mass an increasing of relative sensitivity coefficients was observed. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for determination of trace element concentration of most elements (N=3) are between 2 and 10%. The determination of trace elements in various geological glasses by LA-ICP-MS yielded a good agreement with the reference values and those results of other trace analytical methods. Received October 15, 1999. Revision April 14, 2000.     

Determination of trace elements in zeolites by laser ablation ICP-MS

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using a quadrupole-based mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-QMS) was applied for the analysis of powdered zeolites (microporous aluminosilicates) used for clean-up procedures. For the quantitative determination of trace element concentrations three geological reference materials, granite NIM-G, lujavrite NIM-L and syenite NIM-S, from the National Institute for Metallurgy (South Africa) with a matrix composition corresponding to the zeolites were employed. Both the zeolites and reference materials were fused with a lithium borate mixture to increase the homogeneity and to eliminate mineralogical effects. In order to compare two different approaches for the quantification of analytical results in LA-ICP-MS relative sensitivity coefficients (RSCs) of chemical elements and calibration curves were measured using the geostandards. The experimentally obtained RSCs are in the range of 0.2-6 for all elements of interest. Calibration curves for trace elements were measured without and with Li or Ti as internal standard element. With a few exceptions the regression coefficients of the calibration curves are better than 0.993 with internal standardization. NIM-G granite reference material was employed to evaluate the accuracy of the technique. Therefore, the measured concentrations were corrected with RSCs which were determined using lujavrite reference material NIM-L. This quantification method provided analytical results with deviations of 1–11% from the recommended and proposed values in granite reference material NIM-G, except for Co, Cs, La and Tb. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the determination of the trace element concentration (n = 5) is about 1% to 6% using Ti as internal standard element. Detection limits of LA-ICP-QMS in the lower μg/g range (from 0.03 μg/g for Lu, Ta and Th to 7.3 μg/g for Cu, with the exception of La) have been achieved for all elements of interest. Under the laser ablation conditions employed (λ: 266 nm, repetition frequency: 10 Hz, pulse energy: 10 mJ, laser power density: 6 × 10⁹ W/cm²) fractionation effects of the determined elements relative to the internal standard element Ti were not observed. Received: 7 April 2000 / Revised: 25 May 2000 / Accepted: 31 May 2000     

封闭压力酸溶-盐酸提取-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定页岩中的多种微量金属元素

采用高温、高压消解罐法前处理页岩矿石样品,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了页岩标准物质中的多种微量元素的含量。实验过程中确定了最佳工作条件,选择了最佳分析谱线。实验结果表明,该方法线性相关系数良好r0.999 8,方法检出限低,精密度高,RSD小于3.0%,可同时测定页岩矿石中的多种金属元素,方法完全能满足岩石、土壤、沉积物中多种元素的检测需求。     

Determination of heavy metals in soil, mushroom and plant samples by atomic absorption spectrometry

The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil, mushroom and plant samples collected from Tokat, Turkey have been determined by flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after dry ashing, wet ashing and microwave digestion. The study of sample preparation procedures showed that the microwave digestion method was the best. Good accuracy was assured by the analysis of standard reference materials. The relative standard deviations for all measured metal concentrations were lower than 10%. In all cases, quantitative analytical recoveries ranging from 95 to 103% were obtained. Metal accumulation factors were calculated for mushroom and plant samples. High ratio of plants to soil cadmium, zinc and copper concentrations indicate that these elements are accumulated by mushrooms. Results obtained are in agreement with data reported in the literature.     

Determination of trace elements and heavy metals in a lake sediment by neutron activation analysis

Twenty trace elements and heavy metals of Dalat lake sediment were analyzed by neutron-activation analysis at the ASTRAREACTOR. The elaborated method was also controlled by analyzing the reference material for lake sediment SL-1 of IAEA. It showed a good agreement with the certified values for most of the elements. The relative errors ranged from 1% to 25%.     

Revaluation of the internal standard method coupled with the standard addition method applied to soil samples by means of photon activation

In order to achieve the highly accurate and precise multielement determination in environmental materials, the usefulness of the comparative standard provided by the processing method proposed previously for soil samples has been re-examined using calcareous loam soil, light sandy soil and river sediment as unknown samples. As a result, it was also demonstrated that concentrations of 15 trace elements in each sample can be determined effectively and reasonably.